edited using www.geany.org since starting , sometimes using nano-editor.org since 2 sep 2021 5:33 pm edt(utc-4)
9 may 2018 2:7 am edt
move to http://wortel.ucoz.com/howto.htm
using format like https://gamefaqs.gamespot.com/snes/588646-secret-of-mana/faqs/5611
16 apr 2019 8:54 am edt:#add# right-click sandisk-m250-folder then click 'eject' prior detaching usb-drive
from computer.[16 apr 2019 8:53 am edt]
;;
[addition 8 jun 2021 9:59 am edt]
[warning]
google.com , youtube.com , mail.yahoo.com , other web-site on california-state maybe should be visited during
usa-country->california-night-time-only
starting around 13-mar california-night-time-only start (utc-7)
source:
(1)find in http://wortel.ucoz.com/history_time_line.htm :
'-[13-mar-2011] usa, canada day-light-saving-time start. usa-clock, canada-clock move-forward 1 hour. [source : https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/@5870294?year=2011]
day-light-saving-time-start-date change itself every year :
year 2011:13-mar-2011 -> 6-nov-2011 year 2013:10-mar-2013 -> 3-nov-2013
year 2012:11-mar-2012 -> 4-nov-2012 source : (1) https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/@5870294?year=2011#29_sep_2018_2_1_pm_edt (2) https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/@5870294?year=2012#29_sep_2018_2_1_pm_edt (3) https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/@5870294?year=2013#29_sep_2018_2_1_pm_edt
'
starting around 4-nov california-night-time-only start (utc-8)
because find in http://wortel.ucoz.com/youtube_etc.htm :
'other company in california-state maybe use ivanpah which burn-and-kill many bird.'
[/warning]
[/addition 8 jun 2021 9:59 am edt]
;;
does not work
problem : which jdk file does netbeans use when running netbeans ?
solution :
strace -Ff -tt /home/abc/netbeans-7.1.2/bin/netbeans --jdkhome /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-i386 2>&1 | tee strace-netbeansjava7.log
strace -Ff -tt javaws 2>&1 | tee strace-javaws.log
strace -Ff -tt jdb -classpath .:/home/abc/synonym2/lib/ synonym.Main 2>&1 | tee /home/abc/strace-jdb.log
strace -Ff -tt firefox /home/abc/nb/JavaFXApplication1/dist/JavaFXApplication1.html 2>&1 | tee JavaFXApplication1.log
strace -Ff -tt java -version 2>&1 | tee java_strace.log
strace -Ff -tt java test 2>&1 | tee java_test_strace.log
strace -Ff -tt ./hello 2>&1 | tee hello_strace.log
strace -Ff -tt /home/abc/Desktop/firefox-34.0.5 2>&1 | tee firefox_strace.log
problem :
which file does firefox use when firefox runs ? (7 nov 2017 17:28 est)
solution :
1. close firefox if firefox currently runs
2. run
strace -o firefox_strace_output.txt ./firefox
or
strace -Ff -tt -o firefox_strace_output.txt ./firefox
3. open file firefox_strace_output.txt with text editor to see the info
source :
1.
scl enable devtoolset-2 'strace -o fibonacci.log ./fibonacci 20
in
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Developer_Toolset/2/html/User_Guide/sect-strace-Use.html
from google (strace redirect output) result 7
2.
https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/install-firefox-linux
from google (run firefox linux) result 1
problem :
install new firefox to update firefox
check current profile folder being used.
check favorites, bookmarks file being used.
(7 nov 2017 17:55)
solution :
install firefox to update firefox
1. download firefox
2. extract
3. close firefox if firefox currently runs
4. run firefox/firefox
check current profile folder being used :
click 'menu' -> click '?' -> click 'troubleshooting information'
-> ctrl f -> find keyword 'profile directory' -> click 'open directory'
check favorites, bookmarks file being used :
profile folder/places.sqlite
source :
1.
'Your Bookmarks (and History) are stored in a single file,
places.sqlite, in your Profile folder.
To open your Profile folder,
Help > Troubleshooting Information ,
then next to "Profile Directory" click
the "Open Containing Folder" button to open the Profile Folder'
in
https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/questions/833585
from google (firefox check current favorite folder) result 2
2.
'Help > Troubleshooting Information -> Profile Folder - Show Folder'
in
https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/questions/968384
from google (check which firefox profile) result 1
problem : firefox use 100% cpu load when browsing facebook (7 nov 2017 17:55)
solution : update firefox
problem : extract .deb:
solution : tar p mypackage.deb data.tar.gz | tar zx
problem : list .deb:
solution : tar p mypackage.deb data.tar.gz | tar zt
problem : remote copying
solution :
abc@calm ~/Desktop $ scp localfile.txt abc@cx:localfile_in_remote_location.txt
problem : which jvm does firefox use when running java applet ?
solution :
strace -Ff -tt firefox http://www.concentric.net/~ttwang/java/QueueDemo.html 2>&1 | tee /home/abc/Desktop/test.log
strace -Ff -tt firefox/firefox file:///home/abc/synonym7/applet.htm 2>&1 | tee /home/abc/test.log
these works :
abc@calm ~/synonym2/build/classes $ java -classpath .:/home/abc/synonym2/lib/postgresql-9.1-901.jdbc4.jar synonym.Main
abc@calm ~/synonym2/build/classes $ jdb -classpath .:/home/abc/synonym2/lib/postgresql-9.1-901.jdbc4.jar synonym.Main
these does not work
abc@calm ~/synonym2/build/classes $ jdb -classpath .:/home/abc/synonym2/lib synonym.Main
abc@calm ~/synonym2/build/classes $ java -classpath .:/home/abc/synonym2/lib synonym.Main
when the classpath includes .jar file, the .jar file must be specified
when the classpath includes .class file the directory containing that .class file must be specified
abc@calm ~/synonym2/build/classes $ jdb -classpath .:~/synonym2/lib/postgresql-9.1-901.jdbc4.jar synonym.Main
does not work, the ~ is ineffective
problem : linux : find a file, search a file
solution :
1. search 'Param.java' in ~/synonym/src folder :
find ~/synonym/src -name 'Param.java'
use -L in order to search in symbolic link
find -L Desktop/javax-6/ -name JTable.java
2. search a file which starts with 'Swanee' or 'swanee' in current folder (19 may 2018 7:8 pm edt)
find . -name '[S|s]wanee*'
[S|s] , * is regular expression
debug synonym2 :
abc@calm ~/synonym2 $ jdb -classpath /home/abc/synonym2/lib/postgresql-9.1-901.jdbc4.jar:/home/abc/synonym2/build/classes synonym.Main
jar command
jar cvfm /home/abc/synonym3/dist/synonym3.jar manifest.txt -C /home/abc/synonym3/classes .
problem :
firefox popup saying
activate java plugin ? question
never shows up again and last time i answer no
therefore java applet doesn't run anymore
solution :
about:config -> extensions.blocklist.enabled -> change from true to false
cd /home/abc/synonym5-rmi/ && ./a car server.Server
firefox 23 :
problem : java applet from local file doesn't launch
solution : about:config -> security:fileurl.strict_origin_policy
https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/questions/968565#answer-470374
https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=902375
problem : change screen refresh rate
solution :
http://askubuntu.com/questions/147580/how-to-see-change-screen-refresh-rate
change refresh rate :
xrandr -q
xrandr -s 1280x1024 -r 75
problem : deleting 1 million files in a folder :
rm *.* gives error argument list too long
soluttion :
http://www.stevekamerman.com/2008/03/deleting-tons-of-files-in-linux-argument-list-too-long/ says
I stumbled upon a much faster way of deleting files –
the “find” command has a “-delete” flag built right in!
Here’s what I ended up using:
find . -type f -delete
Using this method, I was deleting files at a rate
of about 2000 files/second – much faster!
You can also show the filenames as you’re deleting them:
find . -type d -print -delete
…or even show how many files will be deleted,
then time how long it takes to delete them:
root@devel# ls -1 | wc -l && time find . -type f -delete
real 0m3.660s
user 0m0.036s
sys 0m0.552s
best , fastest method from Zhenyu Lee :
http://www.quora.com/File-Systems/How-can-someone-rapidly-delete-400-000-files#
mkdir empty_dir
sudo rsync -a --delete empty_dir/ yourdirectory/
took 13:10 - 7:14 to finish deleting around 3,048,234 files...18 hours
inserted wrong password to connect to wireless network.
in order to correct that, type
nm-connection-editor
reset wireless password there.
https://ask.fedoraproject.org/question/7048/unable-to-connect-to-wireless-access-point-with-wpa2/
problem :
Error: open CFI at the end of file; missing
.cfi_endproc directive
solution :
http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=49245
Jonathan Wakely 2011-05-31 19:41:32 UTC
looks like you ran out of memory and the OOM killer kicked in
problem :
linux is using swap file and slows
solution :
turn off swap by doing :
1. swapoff -a
2. comment swap in /etc/fstab
http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/24625/how-to-completely-disable-swap
problem :
1. copy file to remote computer
2. move lots of files to remote computer with ability
to resume after electricity outage
solution :
1. copy file to remote computer
scp source_file destination_file
just like cp command : cp source_file destination_file
http://www.hypexr.org/linux_scp_help.php
Copy the file "foobar.txt" from a remote host to the local host
$ scp your_username@remotehost.edu:foobar.txt /some/local/directory
Copy the file "foobar.txt" from the local host to a remote host's user's home directory
$ scp foobar.txt your_username@remotehost.edu:
Copy the file "foobar.txt" from the local host to a remote host's certain directory
$ scp foobar.txt your_username@remotehost.edu:/some/remote/directory
Copy the directory "foo" from the local host to a remote host's directory "bar"
$ scp -r foo your_username@remotehost.edu:/some/remote/directory/bar
Copy the file "foobar.txt" from remote host "rh1.edu" to remote host "rh2.edu"
$ scp your_username@rh1.edu:/some/remote/directory/foobar.txt \
your_username@rh2.edu:/some/remote/directory/
Copying the files "foo.txt" and "bar.txt" from the local host to your home directory on the remote host
$ scp foo.txt bar.txt your_username@remotehost.edu:~
Copy the file "foobar.txt" from the local host to a remote host using port 2264
$ scp -P 2264 foobar.txt your_username@remotehost.edu:/some/remote/directory
Copy multiple files from the remote host to your current directory on the local host
$ scp your_username@remotehost.edu:/some/remote/directory/\{a,b,c\} .
$ scp your_username@remotehost.edu:~/\{foo.txt,bar.txt\} .
2. backup, mirror lots of files to remote computer,
with resume ability
rsync source/ dest
note : source has '/' in the end.
rsync source dest
will copy source folder to dest folder.
rsync source/ dest
will copy files inside source folder to dest folder.
scp without overwriting
http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/unix-linux-scp-dont-overwrite-existing-file-command/
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13410990/prevent-overwriting-of-files-when-using-scp
answered Nov 16 '12 at 5:48
osulehria
39615
syntax : sudo rsync -avz source/ dest
local_computer$> sudo rsync -avz myfolder aaa@192.168.1.153
local_computer$> sudo rsync -avz myfolder aaa@192.168.1.153:somefolder
sudo rsync is slow
scp but remove 'write' permission first
3. restore, mirror lots of files from remote computer to local computer,
with resume ability
syntax : sudo rsync -avz source/ dest
local_computer$> sudo rsync -avz aaa@192.168.1.153:myfolder/ .
local_computer$> sudo rsync -avz aaa@192.168.1.153:myfolder/ somefolder
3. move lots of files to remote computer,
with resume ability
syntax : sudo rsync -avz --remove-source-files source/ dest
sudo rsync -avz --remove-source-files -e ssh /this/dir/ remoteuser@remotehost:/remote/dir
sudo rsync -avz --remove-source-files /sourcedir/ user@host:/targetdir
sudo rsync -avz --remove-source-files /home/abc/calm-abc-backup/ abc@192.168.1.153:/home/abc
source :
http://serverfault.com/questions/363922/how-to-move-files-with-scp
from google 'scp move file'
4. merge 2 folder f1, folder f2 to 1 folder f3
(24 february 2018 9:18 pm est)
rsync -ah f1/ f3
rsync -ah f2/ f3
problem : check disk space
solution :
du -h
df -H
[addition 25 oct 2021 5:24 am edt]
linux-command for seeing directory-size/folder-size :
du -h --summarize directory-name [ source : 'summarize' in command 'man du' ]
[/addition 25 oct 2021 5:24 am edt]
[addition 5 jan 2023 9:17 pm est]
linux-command for seeing file-size : du -h file-name [source : man du ]
[/addition 5 jan 2023 9:17 pm est]
problem : can't login after postgresql installation
solution :
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2942485/psql-fatal-ident-authentication-failed-for-user-postgres
answered Jul 18 '12 at 16:09
Manav
2,32821126
problem : change password for
postgresql postgres username
solution :
$ sudo -u postgres psql
\password
Enter password: ...
problem : gcc abc.c -o abc produces error
stdio.h : no such file or directory
solution : ensure /usr/include/stdio.h exists
sudo apt-get install build-essential should ensure
existence of /usr/include/stdio.h
problem : upload whole code to git server :
solution :
$ git remote add origin ssh://USERNAME@git.code.sf.net/p/PROJECTNAME/MOUNTPOINT
$ git config branch.master.remote origin
$ git config branch.master.merge refs/heads/master
example :
- initial upload :
cd myproject
git init
# add all your files. Users can specify file names or directories instead of '.'
git add .
git commit -a -m 'Initial commit'
git remote add origin ssh://arnon81@git.code.sf.net/p/pillars4/code
git push -u origin master
- 2nd upload
cd myproject
git remote add origin ssh://arnon81@git.code.sf.net/p/pillars4/code
git push -u origin master
git remote add origin ssh://arnon81@git.code.sf.net/p/4pillars/MOUNTPOINT
after creating a new file:
git add .
git status
git commit -am 'test'
git push origin master
git remote add origin ssh://arnon81@git.code.sf.net/p/synonym8/code
git remote add origin ssh://arnon81@git.code.sf.net/p/listen-multi/code
git remote set-url origin ssh://arnon81@git.code.sf.net/p/listen-multi/code
problem : (22 dec 2016)
upload new project to sourceforge with git
solution :
1. git remote show origin
git remote -v
to ensure local repo name match
remote repo name
2. git push -u origin master
problem : (18 dec 2016 midnight, solved 19 dec 2016 midnight)
about git. i forked local repo1. local repo2 was created.
files inside local repo2, are same as files in local repo1.
.git for local repo1 was copied to local repo2.
so local repo2 has .git from local repo1.
modify, delete some files in local repo2 then
do git commit and do git push -u origin master
resulting in uploading local repo2 to remote repo1.
so original codes for remote repo1 are gone and remote repo1
contains local repo2 code.
solution : sourceforge git code page, 'admin' in left side
has option to delete all codes, so remote repo1 codes
was deleted.
.git folder should have different name for each project/repo.
maybe the remote repo destination url should be concatenated
to each '.git' folder
problem : in sourceforge
Error 404
We're sorry but we weren't able to process this request.
solution :
wait, revisit the page after a few minutes
problem :
git push origin master gives error insufficient permission
solution:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6448242/git-push-error-insufficient-permission-for-adding-an-object-to-repository-datab
For Ubuntu (or any Linux)
From project root,
cd .git/objects
ls -al
sudo chown -R yourname:yourgroup *
You can tell what yourname and yourgroup should be by
looking at the permissions on the majority of the output
from that ls -al command
Note: remember the star at the end of the sudo line
share|improve this answer
answered Oct 21 '11 at 13:04
TerryS
problem : download source code from git repository
(16 april 2017 11:22 edt, 17 april 12:43 edt)
solution :
as anonymous, no username no password needed :
git clone https://git.code.sf.net/p/listen-multi/code listen-multi-production
as registered user :
git clone ssh://arnon81@git.code.sf.net/p/listen-multi/code listen-multi-production
source :
https://sourceforge.net/p/forge/documentation/Git/#anonymous-access-read-only
from google (sourceforge download git anonymous) result 1
problem :
java swing applet isn't updating itself after deploying
the new changes in the code isn't showing up on java console output
solution :
do not restart web browser, close web browser then reopen
problem : clear screen, really clear, not just ctrl + l
solution : run 'reset' command
problem : how to see the difference between local src/synonym/ReviewPanel.java
and ReviewPanel.java in git server ?
solution :
git diff HEAD^ -- src/synonym/ReviewPanel.java
problem : upload updated code to git
solution :
git commit -am 'a message describing what the update is about'
git push origin master
problem : sandisk m200 reject file upload, saying 'read-only'
solution :
df -H (to know what the m200 usb player is mounted on,
/dev/sdb or /dev/sdc)
if df -H does not show m200's device name then
that m200's icon should show up in file explorer then
right click that m200 icon then click 'umount' then unplug that m200
then change m200's usb setting to msc from 'autodetect' then
plug that m200 again.
more info : find ''unknown' album, 'unknown' title' in this text
umount /dev/sdb
sudo mkfs.vfat -F 16 -I /dev/sdb
battery must be ready inside when unplugging usb cable
if m200 refuse to play certain mp3 file then changing that mp3 to wma could solve
that problem
if certain wma files aren't showing up in m200 playlist then changing their filenames
could solve that problem
problem : write linuxmint.iso to usb
solution :
assuming /dev/sdx is the usb drive
bash>sudo dd if=~/Desktop/linuxmint.iso of=/dev/sdx oflag=direct bs=1048576
sudo dd if=linux-img/linuxmint-17.1-xfce-64bit.iso of=/dev/sdb oflag=direct bs=1048576
sudo dd if=linuxmint-18.2-cinnamon-64bit.iso of=/dev/sdb oflag=direct bs=1048576
sudo dd if=debian-live-9.0.1-amd64-xfce.iso of=/dev/sdx oflag=direct bs=1048576
Where '~/Desktop/linuxmint.iso' is the name and location of your downloaded image (located at the desktop in this example) and '/dev/sdx' is the target USB drive. If your system doesn't support 'oflag=direct', you can just leave it out as it is simply intended to speed up the process a bit.
If you don't know about the target USB drive path,
run any this command to know usb mount point
1. lsblk
source :
https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?t=143063
from google (linuxmint unmount usb drive) result 2
2. df -H
[addition 8 feb 2023 11:27 am est]
do not scribe device-number like /dev/sdb1 , just scribe /dev/sdb .
so sudo dd if=debian-live-9.0.1-amd64-xfce.iso of=/dev/sdb oflag=direct bs=1048576
not sudo dd if=debian-live-9.0.1-amd64-xfce.iso of=/dev/sdb1 oflag=direct bs=1048576
example :
a@1 11:15 AM ~/myfiles/iso sudo dd if=debian-live-11.6.0-amd64-xfce.iso of=/dev/sdb1 oflag=direct bs=1048576
[sudo] password for a:
dd: error writing '/dev/sdb1': No space left on device
1943+0 records in
1942+0 records out
2036826112 bytes (2.0 GB, 1.9 GiB) copied, 228.491 s, 8.9 MB/s
a@1 11:22 AM ~/myfiles/iso sudo dd if=debian-live-11.6.0-amd64-xfce.iso of=/dev/sdb oflag=direct bs=1048576
[sudo] password for a:
2624+0 records in
2624+0 records out
2751463424 bytes (2.8 GB, 2.6 GiB) copied, 296.403 s, 9.3 MB/s
a@1 11:27 AM ~/myfiles/iso
[/addition 8 feb 2023 11:27 am est]
=======================================================
problem : command to run valgrind
solution :
valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=yes ./test
problem : capture packet communication in local computer
solution :
sudo tcpdump -i eth0 greater 1000
problem : upload files to sourceforge
solution :
An example session might look like (where Username="jsmith", Project URL name="fooproject",
Release dir is "Rel_1"):
$ scp new_release_0.5.zip jsmith@frs.sourceforge.net:/home/frs/project/fooproject/Rel_1
Connecting to frs.sourceforge.net...
The authenticity of host 'frs.sourceforge.net (216.34.181.57)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 68:b3:26:02:a0:07:e4:78:d4:ec:7f:2f:6a:4d:32:c5.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'frs.sourceforge.net,216.34.181.57' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
jsmith@frs.sourceforge.net's password:
new_release_0.5.zip
abc@calm ~/backup $
scp bbb2_24_oct_2014.tar arnon81@frs.sourceforge.net:/home/frs/project/synonym8
scp /home/abc/backup/bbb2_9_november_2014.tar arnon81@frs.sourceforge.net:/home/frs/project/synonym8
problem : enlarge thunar font
solution :
bash$>nano .gtkrc-2.0.mine
write these :
style "fonttweak"
{
font_name = "Verdana 17"
}
widget_class "*Thunar*View*" style "fonttweak"
bash$>nano .gtkrc-2.0.mine
write these :
style "fonttweak"
{
font_name = "Verdana 17"
}
widget_class "*Thunar*View*" style "fonttweak"
bash$>nano .gtkrc-2.0
include ".gtkrc-xfce"
style "fonttweak"
{
font_name = "Verdana 17"
}
widget_class "*Thunar*View*" style "fonttweak"
widget "Geany*" style "geanyStyle"
style "geanyStyle"
{
font_name="Verdana 17"
}
widget "GeanyMainWindow" style "geanyStyle"
style "geanyStyle"
{
font_name="Verdana 17"
}
widget "GeanyPrefsDialog" style "geanyStyle"
problem : show directories with their size in ascending sort order
solution :
abc@calm ~ $ du -h --summarize * | sort -h
problem : find the size of a directory or folder
solution :
du -sh directoryname
source :
http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/185764/how-do-i-get-the-size-of-a-directory-on-the-command-line
from google 'linux find folder size' result 1
problem : find how many files in directory
solution :
ls -1 | wc -l
source :
http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Bash-Prompt-HOWTO/x700.html
from google 'linux find number of files in directory' result 1
problem :
how to see current postgresql db connection :
solution :
SELECT
datname,
usename,
procpid,client_addr,
waiting,query_start,
current_query
FROM pg_stat_activity;
source :
http://www.heatware.net/databases/how-active-sql-queries-open-connections-postgres/
problem : list directory, sort by size, see top 10 biggest directory :
solution : $ du -m --max-depth 1 | sort -rn | head -11
source :
https://linuxconfig.org/list-all-directories-and-sort-by-size#h2-list-all-directories-and-sort-by-size
from google 'linux list folder sort by size'
problem : format a usb drive with ext2 filesystem, using linux
solution :
1. find the device name for usb
lsblk
df -H
2. if /dev/sdb is the usb device name then
sudo umount /dev/sdb
3. sudo mke2fs /dev/sdb
4. sudo mount /dev/sdb some-folder
5. chmod 777 some-folder
source :
1. 'mke2fs /dev/sda1'
in http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Flash-Memory-HOWTO/ext2.html
from google (format usb using ext2) result 1
2. https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1448092
from google (linux can not write to usb drive) result 1
problem : linux can not delete file in usb drive,
can not write to usb drive,
usb drive is read-only (24 february 2018 5:38 pm est)
opening some files in usb drive, produce input/output error
solution :
1. df -H (to find device name, folder name)
example :
/dev/sdb1 16G 143M 16G 1% /media/a/66C3-DD36
2. sudo cat /proc/mounts
example :
/dev/sdb1 /media/a/66C3-DD36 vfat ro,relatime,uid=1000,gid=1000,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,showexec,utf8,flush,errors=remount-ro 0 0
3. that output says 'ro' which means 'read only'
4. sudo mount -o remount,rw /dev/sdb1 /media/a/66C3-DD36/
to mount /dev/sdb1 with read write permission
source :
1. https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1448092
from google (linux can not write to usb drive) result 1
2. 'There’s your problem.'
in
https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-general-1/chmod-command-fails-with-read-only-file-system-648675/
from
google (chmod changing permission of read-only system) result 3
why the usb drive is mounted with read only permission ?
- cat /var/log/syslog
/var/log/syslog maybe has error like
kernel: [ 2731.058939] FAT-fs (sdb1): error, fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain (i_pos 192305177)
maybe usb drive was removed without umount command.
to eject usb drive in linux :
1. execute
sudo umount /usbfolder
2. remove usb drive
to eject usb drive in windows :
1. press 'eject' icon for that usb drive
2. remove usb drive
source :
'fsck' in
https://serverfault.com/questions/331779/how-do-i-debug-this-fs-error-on-a-flash-device
from
google (error, fat_get_cluster: invalid cluster chain) result 1
problem : linux mount drive to some folder
solution : sudo mount /dev/sdb some-folder
problem : how to read youtube comment
solution : use google map, there is icon to read comment in youtube
problem : how to show cpu usage for dual core cpu
solution : run command 'top', press 1
problem : find what version of a package in internet repository
solution : sudo apt-cache show package-name
http://superuser.com/questions/393681/how-to-find-out-which-versions-of-a-package-can-i-install-on-apt
from google 'apt-cache version' result 1
problem : show process name only
solution : pstree
ps | aux , show process name with absolute path, too long
to fit in terminal
problem : reminder in linux
solution : conky
source :
1. https://www.maketecheasier.com/how-to-create-a-minimal-and-beautiful-desktop-with-conky/
from google 'conky write wallpaper' result 2
2. http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/linux-and-open-source/make-your-linux-desktop-send-alerts-that-you-cant-miss/
from google 'linux wallpaper reminder'
problem : conky not showing in xfce
solution :
edit ~/config/autostart/conky.desktop
ensure this line exists :
Exec=conky -d -p 10
source :
https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=140105
from google 'xfce conky not showing' result 1
problem : see moon phase in linux
solution :
1. glunarclock
source :
from google 'linux moon phase' result 8
2. gcal
source :
1.
http://www.mostlymaths.net/2010/04/gcal-ultra-powerful-command-line-gnu.html
from google 'linux moon calendar'
2. http://superuser.com/questions/886210/how-to-run-a-bash-script-and-display-any-output-in-conky
from google 'show program output in conky' result 1
problem : reminder on wallpaper for linux
solution :
use conky with conky.conf :
${exec head /path/todo.txt}
write todo list in /path/todo.txt
xpad is good.
xfce4-notes is not good, can not change font color.
http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/5-little-useful-sticky-notes-app-for-linux/
dari google 'linux wallpaper reminder' hasil 5
google 'xfce sticky note'
problem : joystick not working
solution : sudo apt-get install joystick
joy2key
modprobe joydev
problem :
remove 1st 5 seconds from a song
remove last 5 seconds from a song
solution :
remove 1st 5 seconds from a song
bash%> sox inputfile outputfile trim 5
remove 1st 1 minute 5 seconds from a song
bash%> sox inputfile outputfile trim 1:05
remove last 5 seconds from a song
bash%> sox inputfile outputfile reverse trim 5 reverse
source :
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9667081/how-do-you-trim-the-audio-files-end-using-sox
from google (sox skip mp3), (sox trim mp3), (ffmpeg trim mp3),
(ffmpeg cut mp3), (linux mp3cut), (linux cut mp3)
from 'sox' in
http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/17932/how-can-you-trim-mp3-files-using-ffmpeg
from google (ffmpeg trim mp3) result 4
from 'ffmpeg' in
google (linux cut mp3) result 3 and
'trim' in google (linux cut mp3) result 1
problem : xfce linux, window pop up is too large for the screen,
buttons for 'ok', 'cancel' located
outside the screen, can not be reached by mouse
cursor
solution : press and hold 'alt' while drag the popup window
upward so 'ok', 'cancel' button are seen, can
be reached by mouse cursor
problem :
wiki : show all subsection in table of contents
solution :
commentate {{TOC limit|3}}
problem : (7 july 2018 9:34 pm edt | 31 aug 2018 3:59 pm edt add 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web#Title') | 31 aug 2018 4:3 pm edt (add #1 referece/citation for multiple source : '[content]'#)
wiki : add reference
solution :
[
{{
cite web|
title=title=Hypoxia a condition of inadequate oxygen supply can be a serious consequence of a preterm or premature birth | ]
in en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_embryogenesis source : google (involuntary muscle twitching) result 7|
url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_embryogenesis
}}
source :
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web#Title
from
'{{Cite web}}' in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1#Templates
from click 'Wikipedia referencing' to unhide that
then click 'citation style 1'
2. 1 referece/citation for multiple source : '[content]'
in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Footnotes#Reference_lists:_the_basics
from 'Help:Footnotes' in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Inline_citation#Ref_tags
from 'inline citation' in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Metadata
from 'Wikipedia:Citing sources' in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation
from 'citations' in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation_needed
from wikipedia-search (wikipedia citation reference) result 4
3. https://www.toptal.com/designers/htmlarrows/punctuation/vertical-bar/
from google (html vertical bar) result 1
[
{{
cite web|
title=source:abc11.com/travel/plane-makes-emergency-landing-at-rdu-after-engine-fire/1441669/ from google(4 sep 2013 rdu atl engine fire)result 1 from www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dont3uTVqvA Engine fire! Delta Flight from RDU to ATL|
url=https://abc11.com/travel/plane-makes-emergency-landing-at-rdu-after-engine-fire/1441669/
}}
]
produce error 'External link in |title='
put blank-space to make like
(1)source: abc11.com
(2)source :abc11.com
or put = to make like
(1)source=abc11.com
(2)source=abc11.com
problem (21 january 2012) :
wiki : add reference with url, author, date
solution :
[
{{
cite web|
title=sometitle|
url=http://...|
author=firstname lastname|
date=
}}
]
problem :
wiki external link
solution :
1. external link to wiki sibling sites :
[[:language code:Title]]
example :
[[:id:Hayam_Wuruk]]
[[:id:Dyah_Wiyat]]
[[:de:Interatom]]
2. external link to url:
[http://meta.wikimedia.org/ Wikimedia]
28 december 2016, updated 27 july 2017 11:23 edt
problem :
show temperature of harddisk in conky.
solution :
show harddisk temperature :
1. install hddtemp : sudo apt-get install hddtemp
2. edit /etc/default/hddtemp
sudo nano /etc/default/hddtemp
2.1. RUN_DAEMON="true"
2.2. DISKS="/dev/sda"
or
DISKS="/dev/sda?"
2.3. RUN_SYSLOG="180"
hddtemp daemon run to check harddisk temperature
repeatedly every 180 seconds
3. sudo /etc/init.d/hddtemp restart
4. try run in bash prompt
$>nc localhost 7634
if that shows harddisk temperature then
add this in /etc/conky/conky.conf :
${execi 180 nc localhost 7634}
source :
1. https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=282353
from google (conky harddisk temperature) result 2
2. https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Hddtemp#Daemon
from google (start hddtemp as daemon) result 2
3. '41', '131' in
https://www.cnet.com/products/wd-green-wd5000aads-hard-drive-500-gb-sata-300-series/specs/
from google (wd5000aads-00s9b0 operating temperature)
result 1
1 january 2017 1:04am
problem :
find files recently created, modified during last
24 hours /
list files recently created, modified during last
24 hours
solution :
find . -type f -mtime -0
source :
1. 'find . -type f -mtime -20'
...will find files modified within the last 20 days
http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-newbie-8/how-do-i-list-recently-created-modified-files-703399/
from google (linux find recently added file) result 1
2. 'This command works this way because the time
since each file was last modified is divided by
24 hours and any remainder is discarded. That means
that to match -mtime 0'
in https://linux.die.net/man/1/find
from google (man find) result 1
7 january 2017 13:50
problem:set user-agent/useragent string in firefox
solution:(1)open website about:config
(2)create new variable
name : general.useragent.override
value : ....
18 january 2017 13:49
-problem :
conky location in monitor screen, is too high,
some text in conky is out of monitor screen
solution :
try any :
1. in /etc/conky/conky.conf
gap_y = 0
2. change
${exec head -n 16 /home/aaa/myfiles/todo/todo.txt | fold -w 50 -s}}
to
${exec head -n 14 /home/aaa/myfiles/todo/todo.txt | fold -w 50 -s}}
(3 march 2017)
-problem :
resize conky width
solution :
in /etc/conky/conky.conf
maximum_width 1100
-problem :
resize conky height
solution :
use head command instead of cat command to display
text in a todo.txt file
${exec head -n 16 /home/aaa/myfiles/todo/todo.txt | fold -w 50 -s}}
-problem :
conky truncate text shown by
${exec cat /home/aaa/myfiles/todo/todo.txt}
solution :
in /etc/conky/conky.conf
${exec cat /home/aaa/myfiles/todo/todo.txt | fold -w 50 -s}
source :
'fold' in http://superuser.com/questions/132338/conky-truncates-text-loaded-from-file
from google (conky wrap) result 5
30 january 2017 16:33
problem : firefox keyboard shortcut list
solution :
https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/keyboard-shortcuts-perform-firefox-tasks-quickly#w_navigation
from google (firefox shortcut) result 1
problem : firefox focus toward webpage, focus toward address bar
solution :
https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/questions/1003173
from google (firefox shortcut focus on website) result 1
31 january 2017
12:19
problem : geany keyboard shortcut list
solution :
https://wiki.geany.org/howtos/sorted_keyboard_shortcuts
from google (geany shortcut) result 1
15:30
problem : green light on motherboard when computer is shutdown
solution :
power supply still getting power from electric socket
on the wall, giving power to mobo for rts clock.
if psu is unplugged or psu master switch turned off
then
cmos battery will be used to provide power to
mobo to keep rts clock, shortening the life of the cmos
battery.
if psu remain plugged in to electric socket on the wall
then cmos battery life will be longer.
source :
'The battery has an estimated life of three years when
the Intel® NUC is not plugged into an AC power source.
When the computer is plugged in, the standby current
from the power supply extends the life of the battery'
in http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/boards-and-kits/000006787.html
from google (cmos battery power supply unplugged) page 2 result 3
1 feb 2017 12:17pm
problem : download source code in github
solution :
git clone https://github.com//repository
or
git clone https://github.com//.git
16 feb 2017
11:58am
problem : check current cpu speed in linux
solution : lscpu
lscpu | grep 'MHz' (17 march 2017 16:00 edt)
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'MHz' (17 march 2017 16:00 edt)
source :
http://askubuntu.com/questions/218567/any-way-to-check-the-clock-speed-of-my-processor
from google (linux clock speed) result 1
13:04
problem : how to move cursor with keyboard arrow key, faster
solution :
hold 'ctrl' while holding arrow key
hold 'ctrl' while pressing arrow key
source :
http://www.howto72.com/2011/04/how-to-move-cursor-faster-using.html
from google (move cursor faster with keyboard) result 1
22 feb 2017
15:47
problem : do smart error check on harddisk
solution :
smartctl -t short /dev/
smartctl -t long /dev/
smartctl -t conveyance /dev/
source :
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/S.M.A.R.T.#Run_a_test
from google (linux check smart error) result 2
(28 feb 2017 14:30)
see output with :
28 feb 2017
14:29
smartctl -a /dev/sdc
21:30
problem : find serial number of harddisk
solution :
smartctl -i /dev/sda
source :
http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/121757/harddisk-serial-number-from-terminal
from google (linux harddrive serial) result 1
24 feb 2017
10:56
problem : check linuxmint version
solution :
cat /etc/linuxmint/info
source :
https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?t=23819
from google (get linuxmint version) result 1
27 feb 2017
22:42
problem : remove software
solution :
>sudo apt-get remove appname
24 march 2017
18:04 edt
problem : show which program listen to which port number
solution :
1.
sudo netstat -tulnp | grep
source :
http://askubuntu.com/questions/538208/how-to-check-opened-closed-port-on-my-computer
from google (netstat list program with open port) result 1
2.
sudo lsof -i :631
source :
https://debian-administration.org/article/184/How_to_find_out_which_process_is_listening_upon_a_port
from google (lsof port number) result 1
18:27 edt
problem : remove cups print server
to close, to secure port 631
solution :
apt-get remove cups
apt-get remove cups-common
apt-get remove cups-browsed
28 march 2017 18:26 edt
problem : (asus motherboard user)
how to enter bios
solution :
desktop : press and hold 'del'
laptop : maybe press and hold f2
source :
1. 'del' in https://www.lifewire.com/bios-setup-utility-access-keys-for-popular-motherboards-2624462
2. 'Press and hold the F2 button , then click the power button.
DO NOT RELEASE the F2 button until the BIOS screen display.
You can refer to the video'
in https://www.asus.com/us/support/FAQ/1008829/
from google (asus enter bios) result 1
1 april 2017 20:58 edt
problem : identify south bridge chipset version
in linux, for intel south bridge chipset
because of intel sandy bridge cougar point bug
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridge#Cougar_Point_chipset_flaw
solution :
enter bios, chipset revision should be written under
'south bridge stepping'
alternatively :
to find that info with linux :
1.
lshw
show output :
*-isa
description: ISA bridge
product: H61 Express Chipset Family LPC Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.0
version: 05
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: isa bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=lpc_ich latency=0
resources: irq:0
2.
lshw -businfo
show output :
pci@0000:00:1f.0 bridge H61 Express Chipset Family LPC Controller
3. http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/specification-updates/6-and-c200-chipset-specification-update.pdf
from google (intel h61 revision 05) result 1
under 'pch device and revision identification'
page 13
see that '05h' is located under 'b3 rev id'
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_memory_segmentation
from google (memory offset h) result 1
says 'suffix "h" means hexadecimal)'
so '05h' means 5
output in step 1 above shows 'version : 05'
so 'b3 rev id' is mine.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridge#Desktop_platform
says
'Intel stopped production of flawed B2 stepping chipsets
and began producing B3 stepping chipsets with
the silicon fix'
http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/specification-updates/6-and-c200-chipset-specification-update.pdf
from google (intel h61 revision 05) result 1
says 'b2 rev id' available for
h67 chipset, p67 chipset, hm67 chipset, hm65 chipset
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_chipsets#LGA_1155
from google (sandy bridge chipset) result 3
says 'p67', ''h67' with label 'recalled'
'h61' does not have label 'recalled'
so my h61 chipset is ok.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Pin_Count
from google (lpc controller) result 3
says 'soutbridge' so i know lpc controller control
south bridge, that is what i seek because
in bios 'revision b3' is the value for
'south bridge stepping'
source :
http://www.binarytides.com/linux-commands-hardware-info/
from google (linux check lpc controller) result 2
13 april 2017 14:47 edt
problem : compile c++ code in linux, to be run in windows
solution :
1. install mingw32
2. i586-mingw32msvc-g++ -o myApp.exe myApp.cpp
3. testrun in wine
source :
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2033997/how-to-compile-for-windows-on-linux-with-gcc-g
from google (linux compile for windows) result 1
15 april 2017 11:43 edt
problem : download source code from svn repository
solution :
svn checkout http://svn...
20:51 edt, 31 may 2018 8:13 am edt
problem : find files which contain certain text in current directory and
its subdirectory
solution :
example :
find files which contains word probspot in current directory and its subdirectory :
1. grep -nlr 'probspot' .
source : http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6637882/how-can-i-use-grep-to-show-just-filenames-no-in-line-matches-on-linux
2. grep -nl 'probspot' .
find files which contain word 'class Handler' in directory 'javax-6'.
directory 'javax-6' is located in the same level as your current-working-directory.
grep -nr 'class Handler' javax-6
find .txt files which contain certain text in current directory and its subdirectory :
grep -r --include=*.txt 'searchterm' .
-r means recursively
--include=*.txt means include only *.txt files (text files)
'searchterm' contains search-keyword
. means start at current directory
source :
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/12516937/grep-but-only-certain-file-extensions
from google (man grep file extension) result 1
31 may 2018 8:19 am edt
problem : find a file with certain filename
solution :
finding a file with filename ending with word 'gy.txt'
1. find . -name '*gy.txt'
*gy.txt is a regular expression
2. find . -print | grep -i gy.txt
#what#
---> Wizard command line: httrack http://forums.di.fm/trance -O "/home/abc/di.fm.1/di.fm.1" -%v
use grep to find probspot blueberry
find the song prior probspot blueberry
20:13 edt
problem : geany, jump from character { to character }
or vice versa
solution :
move cursor near { or } so that { or } receive
a highlight then ctrl + b
source :
https://wiki.geany.org/howtos/sorted_keyboard_shortcuts
from google (geany seek matching parentheses) result 2
19 april 2017 13:35 edt
problem : install .deb file
solution :
dpkg -i file.deb
if that gives error about needing dependencies
then
apt-get install dependencies
then
dpkg -i file.deb
[addition 25 oct 2021 7:40 pm edt]
if entering-linux-command 'dpkg -i file.deb' produce error-output like :
(1)Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/glib2.0/libglib2.0-bin_2.56.4-0ubuntu0.18.04.6_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.142 80]
(2)Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/glib2.0/libglib2.0-0_2.56.4-0ubuntu0.18.04.6_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.142 80]
then (1)enter-linux-command 'apt-get update'
(2)enter-linux-command 'dpkg -i file.deb'
[source : forgotten-person in mirc.com or hexchat.org ; irc-network www.dal.net or freenode.org , channel/chat-room #debian#]
[/addition 25 oct 2021 7:40 pm edt]
source :
https://askubuntu.com/questions/40779/how-do-i-install-a-deb-file-via-the-command-line
from google (linux install deb file) result 1
problem : change the content of taskbar in
linuxmint-xfce
solution : right click on menu then click
'edit applications'
source : https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/205233/how-to-add-shortcut-to-cinnamon-taskbar
from google (linuxmint edit taskbar shortcut) result 1
2 may 2017 12:08 edt
problem : conky disappears when clicking desktop wallpaper
solution :
Set "own_window_type" in the config to "override"
source :
https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1409058&p=10639807#post10639807
from 'See here. Worked for me' in https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1717351
from google (conky disappears when clicking desktop) result 1
23:18 edt
problem : show git remote server
solution :
1. git remote show origin
2. git remote -v
source :
https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Basics-Working-with-Remotes
from google (git show remote info) result 1
problem : show files tracked by git
solution :
git ls-files --full-name
source :
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8533202/list-files-in-local-git-repo
from 'possible duplicate of List files in local git repo? – Kristján Sep 28 '15 at 15:54'
in http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15606955/how-can-i-make-git-show-a-list-of-the-files-that-are-being-tracked
from google (git show tracked files) result 1
problem : make git stop tracking a folder
solution :
git rm --cached -r foldername
source :
1. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/936249/how-to-stop-tracking-and-ignore-changes-to-a-file-in-git
from google (git stop tracking file) result 2
2. https://scotch.io/tutorials/how-to-use-git-remove-without-deleting-the-files
from google (git rm cached) result 5
problem : tell git to track a folder
solution :
git add foldername
source :
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10758904/git-automatically-track-all-files-in-a-directory
from google (git track file) result 4
3 may 2017 14:32 edt
problem :
a pop up window size is too large
to fit on monitor screen.
the 'submit' , 'cancel' button is located out of
monitor screen
solution :
press and hold 'alt', click anywhere inside
that window, hold that mouse click, then
drag the mouse to drag that oversized pop up
window upward so that 'submit', 'cancel' buttons
on the bottom part can show up.
5 may 2017 13:02 edt
problem : what is physical id 0, core0, core1 in conky
output ?
solution :
Physical id 0 is the CPU
Core0 is your 1st cpu core
Core1 is your 2nd cpu core
source :
https://askubuntu.com/questions/472087/sensor-identification
from google (physical id 0 vs core 0) result 2
6 may 2017 13:06 edt
problem : show software version available
to get from debian repository
solution : apt-cache show lm-sensors
source :
http://newbiedoc.sourceforge.net/tutorials/apt-get-intro/info.html
from google (apt info) result 2
problem : show software version already
installed in local computer with debian linux
operating system
solution : dpkg -s lm-sensors
source :
https://www.howtogeek.com/howto/ubuntu/see-what-version-of-a-package-is-installed-on-ubuntu/
from google (apt show version of installed package) result 1
problem : read long output in small console terminal
solution :
1. make long output show little by little
add '| more' to the command
example :
show list of software already installed
dpkg -l | more
2. write output to txt file then use text editor to
read the txt file
example :
write list of software already installed to list.txt
dpkg -l > list.txt
problem : finding what software own this file
solution :
$ dpkg -S postmaster
postgresql-9.3: /usr/share/postgresql/9.3/man/man1/postmaster.1.gz
postgresql-9.3: /usr/lib/postgresql/9.3/bin/postmaster
we see postgresql-9.3 software own those 2 files
$ dpkg -S '/etc/systemd'
$ dpkg -S /etc/systemd
systemd-services, acpid: /etc/systemd
we see systemd-services software,
acpid software own /etc/systemd
13:47 edt
problem : find cpu temperature without lm-sensors software
solution :
example :
cat /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp
cat /sys/class/hwmon/hwmon0/temp1_input
cat /sys/class/hwmon/hwmon0/temp2_input
cat /sys/class/hwmon/hwmon0/temp3_input
source :
1. https://askubuntu.com/questions/15832/how-do-i-get-the-cpu-temperature
from google (linux cpu temperature) result 1
2. 'hwmon' in
linux-3.19.1 source code folder/
Documentation/thermal/sysfs-api.txt
from
linux-3.19.1 source code folder>grep -nr 'thermal_zone' .
having lm-sensors installed, allow running command 'sensors' [added 28-oct-2018 9:46 am edt]
problem : find kernel version
solution : uname -r
uname -r print kernel release
uname -v print kernel version
kernel release means kernel version, kernel version
does not mean kernel version.
source :
1. https://www.liquidweb.com/kb/how-to-check-the-kernel-version-in-linux-ubuntu-centos/
from google (kernel version) result 1
2. https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/124466/what-is-the-difference-of-kernel-distributions-release-and-version
from google (kernel release vs kernel version) result 1
3. 'To find out the version of your kernel, run uname -r:'
in https://www.kernel.org/category/releases.html
14 may 2017 12:28 edt
problem : use dosbox to run game
solution :
assume game-folder is inside game-folder-parent
(step-1)game-folder-parent$./dosbox
(step-2)dosbox>mount c game-folder
(step-3)doxbox>c:
(step-4)c:>game.exe
source : ((1))https://www.maketecheasier.com/play-old-dos-games-in-linux/ from google (linux run dos game) result 1 ((2))https://www.online-tech-tips.com/fun-stuff/play-retro-dos-games-perfectly-with-dosbox/ from google(dosbox run retro game)result 2
problem : make dosbox full screen
solution :
press alt + enter
source :
https://askubuntu.com/questions/446728/dos-box-screen-resolution-problem
15 may 2017 21:27 edt
problem : check memory type in linux
solution : sudo dmidecode --type 17
source :
https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/check-ram-speed-linux/
from google (linux check memory type) result 1
19 may 2017 19:43 edt
problem : firefox vertical scrollbar behaviour is
left click makes firefox page jump to that
page.
how to make firefox scrollbar jump 1 page down
or 1 page up with mouse click ?
solution :
right click advance firefox scrollbar 1 page.
left click advance firefox to that point.
22 may 2017 15:04
problem :
router FiOS-G1100 sometimes start quickly
sometimes takes forever to start.
router FiOS-G1100 turn on red light for long time
during starting sometimes.
other times red light turn on only for short time
then white light turns on.
solution :
red light stays on
till router FiOS-G1100
has obtained an IP address
from internet service provider server.
Depending on the traffic that day,
router could take 1 minute or 2 minute to obtain the IP.
router should remain turned on at night,
router doesn't require much electricity when on
13 july 2017 3:21pm edt
problem :
Find 10 largest file in linux with sort-order according to file-size in descending order
solution :
find /path/to/dir/ -printf '%s %p\n'| sort -nr | head -10
find . -printf '%s %p\n'| sort -nr | head -10
Sample outputs:
5700875 ./images/faq/2013/11/iftop-outputs.gif
5459671 ./videos/faq/2013/12/glances/glances.webm
5091119 ./videos/faq/2013/12/glances/glances.ogv
source :
https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-do-i-find-the-largest-filesdirectories-on-a-linuxunixbsd-filesystem/
from google (linux get biggest files) result 1
problem : delete a directory
solution : rm -r dirname
problem : edit a file in local computer, from linuxmint livecd
solution : sudo xed filename
source : https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/298737/backup-files-as-owner-using-a-live-cd
from yahoo (change file ownership from livecd) result 6
problem : find the size of a directory
solution : du -sh dirname
problem : backup 1 file, only happen if the file in computer
is more up to date than the file in backup server.
aka rsync 1 file
solution : sudo rsync -avz /dir/file.txt remoteuser@remotehost:/remote/dir/
14 july 2017 13:57 edt
problem : 8 gigabytes usb contains linuxmint live cd,
after formatting that usb flash drive
the capacity/size of that usb shrinks to 1.5 gigabytes
solution : linux live cd create 2 partitions in a usb drive,
1 small partition for swap and
1 partition for linux live operating system.
more info about how to format a usb flash drive :
- find 'sudo mke2fs /dev/sdb' in this text
delete partition :
1. find the device name for that usb flash drive
a@a ~ $ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x2405ea3f
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 39062594 39060547 18.6G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 39065598 976771071 937705474 447.1G 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 39065600 976771071 937705472 447.1G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdc: 7.5 GiB, 8017412096 bytes, 15659008 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x5bf1c51e
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdc1 * 0 3793663 3793664 1.8G 0 Empty
/dev/sdc2 2136 2967 832 416K ef EFI (FAT-12/16/32)
2. a@a ~ $ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 7.5 GiB, 8017412096 bytes, 15659008 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x5bf1c51e
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 * 0 3793663 3793664 1.8G 0 Empty
/dev/sdb2 2136 2967 832 416K ef EFI (FAT-12/16/32)
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 1
Partition 1 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 2
Partition 2 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 7.5 GiB, 8017412096 bytes, 15659008 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x5bf1c51e
Command (m for help): q
a@a ~ $
source :
1. 'Do you mean the you installed linux on the USB drive? if so
the installation will have created some linux paritions
(usually ext2,3 or 4) and maybe a swap parition.
You will need to repartition the drive if this is what happened'
in http://www.tomshardware.com/forum/283393-32-flash-drive
from google (8 gb usb show as 1.5 gb after format) result 1
2. 'fdisk' in
https://dottheslash.wordpress.com/2011/11/29/deleting-all-partitions-on-a-usb-drive/
from google (linux delete partition in usb) result 1
problem : find date time of linux install date
solution : sudo ls -alct /root
source :
'ls -alct /root'
in https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/9971/how-do-i-find-how-long-ago-a-linux-system-was-installed
from google (find linux installation date) result 1
16:28 edt
problem : linuxmint 18.2 sonya xfce live usb can not resume monitor display
after unplug then plugging vga cable.
solution : use linuxmint 18.2 sonya cinnamon live usb,
yes cinnamon version is vga cable hot pluggable
, xfce version is not vga cable hot pluggable
problem : debian 19.1 stretch stable live usb can not install
debian 19.1 to local computer
solution : reboot live usb, then choose 'install', do not choose 'live cd'.
linuxmint allows trying live cd then do install without reboot.
so if linuxmint installation produce error
then firefox web browser can be run to connect to internet
to find solution to the error.
16:43 edt
problem : which linux distro is good ?
solution :
tried :
1. debian 9.0.1 xfce live usb,
2. linuxmint rosa xfce,
3. linuxmint 18.2 sonya xfce,
4. linuxmint 18.2 sonya cinnamon,
5. centos 6.2 live cd
opinion :
linuxmint 18.2 sonya cinnamon is good because :
1. linuxmint rosa xfce suffer problem with zsnes freeze mid game
source :
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/zsnes/+bug/1214241
from google (zsnes freeze midgame) result 2
2. linuxmint 18.2 sonya xfce can not resume monitor display
after vga cable is unplugged then plug back in.
so backup mirroring files from 2 desktop computer with 1
keyboard, mouse, monitor, becomes very difficult.
plugging vga cable to desktop computer 1 then
plugging vga cable to desktop computer 2 then
plugging vga cable to desktop computer 1 then
plugging vga cable to desktop computer 2 then
will
cause monitor can not display desktop computer 1 or 2
debian 9.0.1 xfce live usb can resume monitor display
after vga cable is unplugged then plug back in.
but can not browse internet during debian 9.0.1 xfce
installation, while linuxmint live usb allows user
to browse internet during installation so
user can do google search for tips if seeing linuxmint
error.
centos 6.2 live cd can resume monitor display
after vga cable is unplugged then plug back in.
but unsure whether centos 6.2 live cd allows
browsing internet during installing centos 6.2
3. debian 9 stretch xfce, lxde do not have bash-autocomplete
feature turned on.
can not browse the internet while trying debian live cd.
to turn on bash-autocomplete after installing debian :
find 'problem : turn on auto complete, bash completion feature in debian' in
this text (31 may 2018 7:30 am edt)
4. centos live cd comes with vi text editor which is difficult.
linuxmint live cd has nano text editor, easier
5. maybe devuan, other linux distro in
http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/Linux_distributions_without_systemd
if wanting traditional 'init/sysvinit' rather than
the new systemd.
source :
'Sándor Alex C Fodor' in
https://www.facebook.com/nixcraft/posts/1799684576711579
(31 may 2018 7:30 am edt)
18.46 edt
problem : linuxmint rosa xfce during boot,
produce error '/usr/bin/X' is missing
solution :
sudo apt-get install --reinstall xserver-xorg
maybe works
sudo apt-get install xorg
maybe works
source :
1. https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?t=174357
from google (linuxmint /usr/bin/X is missing) result 1
2. https://askubuntu.com/questions/237973/boots-up-in-terminal-and-startx-cant-be-found
from google (linuxmint /usr/bin/X is missing) result 2
22:26 edt
problem : cinnamon just crashed, running in fallback mode
solution : installing too many cinnamon applets can cause the crash
source :
http://www.tomshardware.com/answers/id-2269911/linux-mint-cinnamon-crash.html
from google (cinnamon just crashed fallback mode) result 7
13 july 2017 17:45 edt
problem :
install linuxmint 18.2 in a partition separate
from /home partition.
/home partition where user document exists,
should be located
in separate partition, or separate harddrive
from
these linux operating system files :
/
/var
/etc
/usr
/lib
/bin
/boot
... and so on
but a separate harddrive is will draw extra electricity,
a separate partition in the same harddisk is good enough.
all those linux operating system files :
/
/var
/etc
/usr
/lib
/bin
/boot
... and so on not including /home
need minimum 20 gigabytes space because
linuxmint sonya cinnamon recommends 20 gigabytes
minimum space
source :
'15GB of disk space (20GB recommended)'
in http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=3289
from
google
(linuxmint sonya cinnamon system requirement) result 2
solution :
when asked whether to :
1. install linuxmint alongside linuxmint 18.2
2. erase disk and install linuxmint
...
...
5. something else <--- pick this option
create 2 partitions :
1 partition for linux operating system
1 partition for /home
bottom status tell which device point to which
harddrive example : '/dev/sda ata wdc w05000aads....'
which means /dev/sda is the wdc w05000aads....
after creating 2 partitions, i got
/dev/sda1 20 gigabytes intended for linux operating system
and
/dev/sda5 480 gigabytes intended for /home
click /dev/sda1
click 'change'
use as -> pick a filesystem, ext2, ext3, and so on
mount point -> pick / --> '/' means linux operating system
check 'format the partition'
click /dev/sda5
click 'change'
mount point -> pick /home
uncheck 'format the partition'
source :
https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1906884
from google (reinstall linux in the same partition) result 1
[addition 15 jun 2020 8:42 pm edt]
directory /, /bin, /sbin, /proc, /dev must stay in same-partition [source:find 'https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DiskSpace']
[/addition 15 jun 2020 8:42 pm edt]
problem :
during linuxmint 18.2 installation , partitioning harddisk
create new partition produce error
'in use by lvm volume group mint.vg'
solution :
1. find the lvm volume group name
sudo lvs
source :
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-lvm-to-manage-storage-devices-on-ubuntu-16-04
from google (in use by lvm volume group) result 4
2. delete all lvm volume group name
sudo vgremove
source :
https://askubuntu.com/questions/228136/how-to-remove-all-lvs-vgs-and-partitions-on-all-drives-before-installing-12-04
from google (in use by lvm volume group) result 1
problem :
during linuxmint 18.2 installation
'grub-efi-amd64-signed' package failed to install into /target/,
without grub boot loader, installed system will not boot
solution :
if the linuxmint 18.2 live usb were booted from usb drive in
uefi mode by selecting uefi usb drive name in boot menu in bios
then
reboot linuxmint 18.2 live usb in non-uefi mode, select
usb drive name in boot menu in bios without 'uefi' word
15:52 edt
problem :
fsck, filesystem check is being done during boot always,
delaying boot time.
solution :
change 1 to 0 in the last line in
/ets/fstab
source :
https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?f=46&t=235060&start=20
from google (linuxmint check filesystem during boot) result 1
15 july 2017 2:44pm
problem : find files being transferred by rsycn in the receiver computer
solution :
a@a ~ $ pgrep rsync
30647
30648
a@a ~ $ ps aux | grep rsync
root 30647 0.0 0.1 42116 5312 ? Ss 12:45 0:00 rsync --server -vlogDtpre.iLs --log-format=%i --remove-source-files . /home/a/myfiles
root 30648 0.5 0.2 116024 9080 ? S 12:45 0:35 rsync --server -vlogDtpre.iLs --log-format=%i --remove-source-files . /home/a/myfiles
a 31022 0.0 0.0 14224 880 pts/3 S+ 14:40 0:00 grep --color=auto rsync
a@a ~ $ watch ls -l /proc/30647/fd/1
a@a ~ $ sudo watch ls -l /proc/30647/fd/1
[sudo] password for a:
a@a ~ $ sudo watch ls -l /proc/30648/fd/1
a@a ~ $
source : 'watch' in
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/237591/how-to-get-information-about-files-being-copied-to-my-machine-by-remote-rsync-co
from google (find current files being rsync) result 2
problem : rsync produce 'mkstemp failed: permission denied(13)' errors
happen if rsync push, send files to destination computer.
not happen if rsync pull, download files from source computer.
solution :
use root login for remote computer
sudo rsync -avz /dir/file.txt root@remotehost:/remote/dir/
if that fails then maybe sshd server in remote computer
does not allow root login then
set PermitRootLogin to yes from prohibit-password :
$> sudo nano /etc/sshd_config :
#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
PermitRootLogin yes
source :
'PermitRootLogin' in
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/V2V_Guide/Preparation_Before_the_P2V_Migration-Enable_Root_Login_over_SSH.html
from google (login to ssh as root) result 1
problem : set root password in linuxmint
solution : $> sudo passwd root
problem :
linuxmint live usb screen becomes blank,
asked for username and password when a user moves the mouse,
press a key on keyboard.
solution :
enter 'mint' for username.
leave the password blank.
source :
'mint' in
https://community.linuxmint.com/tutorial/view/69
from google (linuxmint live cd password) result 1
4:33pm
problem : is swap space needed in linux ?
solution :
swap is needed if :
- memory is small
- plan to use hibernate, suspend to disk feature in linux
but hibernate is slower than boot, so hibernate feature
most likely will not be used
source :
1. 'Swap space in Linux is used when the amount of physical memory (RAM) is full'
in https://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/5.2/Deployment_Guide/s1-swap-what-is.html
from google (what use swap) result 2
2. 'hibernating' in
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/2658/why-use-swap-when-there-is-more-than-enough-free-space-in-ram
from google (what use swap) result 4
3. 'hibernation' in
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SwapFaq
from 'Ubuntu Swap F.A.Q' in
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/2658/why-use-swap-when-there-is-more-than-enough-free-space-in-ram
from google (what use swap) result 4
4. hibernate is slower than boot (22 august 19:55 edt)
source :
'Considering shutdown takes less then 10 seconds
and the boot-up takes approx. 10 seconds,
this would take a total of 20 seconds and
no energy use while off. Whereas hibernate alone
takes 23 seconds and the wake-up takes 10 seconds'
in
https://superuser.com/questions/1012315/windows-hybernate-vs-shutdown-boot-up-times-why-choose-for-hibernate
from google (linux hibernate vs startup) result 2
4:46pm
problem : how to check memory usage in linux
solution :
%> free -h
a@a ~ $ free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 3.8G 830M 890M 206M 2.1G 2.5G
Swap: 0B 0B 0B
signs that linux runs out of memory :
1. available memory (or "free + buffers/cache") is close to zero
2. swap used increases or fluctuates
3. dmesg | grep oom-killer shows the OutOfMemory-killer at work
this signs mean memory is enough :
1. free memory is close to 0
2. used memory is close to total
3. available memory (or "free + buffers/cache") has enough room (let's say, 20%+ of total)
4. swap used does not change
Memory that is You'd call it Linux calls it
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
used by applications Used Used
used, but can be made available Free (or Available) Used (and Available)
not used for anything Free Free
'available' means :
how much ram your applications could use without swapping
source : http://www.linuxatemyram.com/
from 'linuxatemyram.com' in
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41426656/what-is-available-v-s-free-memory-in-free-command
from google (linux memory free available vs free) result 2
22:30 (updated 24 july 2017 12:14 pm)
problem :
linux : set date, time using internet time server because the computer
does not use crc battery/cmos battery on motherboard therefore
can not remember current time when the computer is shutdown
and the power sentry which provide power to computer,
speaker, monitor, is turned off.
benefit of not using crc battery/cmos battery :
saving energy for recycling battery.
solution : #current-time#
/usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.org
if that produce error :
24 Jul 11:55:12 ntpdate[14280]: the NTP socket is in use, exiting
then
try
sudo service ntp stop
sudo /etc/init.d/ntp stop
if
/usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.org still
produce the error above then
/usr/sbin/ntpdate -u pool.ntp.org
to check system date, run :
$>date
date time shown in the desktop clock maybe still
out of date, because
the desktop clock gui has not updated itself
source :
1. '/usr/sbin/ntpdate -s ntp.ubuntu.com'
in http://winaero.com/blog/how-to-set-time-from-the-internet-ntp-in-linux-mint-17/
from google (how linuxmint time server) result 1
2. https://askubuntu.com/questions/254826/how-to-force-a-clock-update-using-ntp
from google (set clock ntpdate) result 1
3. https://superuser.com/questions/639202/updating-time-ntpdate3108-the-ntp-socket-is-in-use-exiting/639206
from google (ntp service stop ntp socket is in use exiting) result 1
17 july 2017 20:08 edt
problem : install adobe flash in firefox in linux
solution :
avoid testing adobe flash player in
https://www.adobe.com/shockwave/welcome/
(Test Adobe Shockwave Player webpage)
adobe flash player test page :
1. https://helpx.adobe.com/flash-player.html (5 january 2018 11:17 pm est)
click 'check now'
see animation under 'Verify whether Flash Player is installed'
from google (check adobe flash) result 1
2. http://isflashinstalled.com/
from google (adobe flash player test) result 5
3. http://ultrasounds.com/
from google (adobe flash player test) page 2 result 7
install adobe flash in firefox in linux :
1. download .tar.gz for npapi version, not ppapi version
2. extract the downloaded file then
libflashplayer.so should be created
in the extracted folder.
example extracted folder, file name :
/install_flash_player_11_linux.x86_64/libflashplayer.so
3. copy libflashplayer.so to ~/.mozilla/plugins
if ~/.mozilla/plugins folder is not available then
create ~/.mozilla/plugins
source : https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/questions/1030381
from google (linux firefox install adobe flash) result 3
or
if
/home/abc/.mozilla/plugins/libflashplayer.so
/usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/libflashplayer.so
are symbolic link then make sure
those symbolic link points to
/home
/abc
/mozilla-firefox
/adobe-flash/install_flash_player_11_linux.x86_64
/libflashplayer.so
4. open firefox menu, click 'add-ons' -> 'plugins'
set 'always activate' for shockwave flash
(25 december 2017 7:33 pm est)
5. restart firefox
problem : install adobe flash in google-chrome in linux (17 dec 2017 10:50 am est)
solution :
avoid testing adobe flash player in
https://www.adobe.com/shockwave/welcome/
(Test Adobe Shockwave Player webpage)
adobe flash player test page :
1. http://isflashinstalled.com/
from google (adobe flash player test) result 5
2. http://ultrasounds.com/
from google (adobe flash player test) page 2 result 7
flash is already installed in google-chrome.
but maybe adobe flash setting is 'use global default (ask)'
and flash setting must be set to 'allow' :
1. visit a webpage which has flash content
2. click an icon on the left side of the url
3. change 'flash' setting from
'use global default (ask) to 'allow'
4. refresh that webpage.
but maybe flash in google-chrome, needs to be updated :
1. type in address bar :
chrome://components
2. find 'adobe flash'
ctrl 'f' for shortcut for finding 'adobe flash'
3. click 'check for update'
problem : operating system can not boot
solution :
prepare 2 usb flash drives.
usb flash drive 1 should contain linuxmint cinnamon live cd.
usb flash drive 2 is to be used to move important files from
failing computer to other computer, repeatedly until all
important files have been moved.
why linuxmint cinnamon live cd is chosen ?
find 'problem : which linux distro is good ?' in this text
problem : can not cut then paste file in cinnamon file manager (nemo)
solution : make sure permission to paste file, create new file exists
20 july 2017 17:28
problem : linux : get memory type
solution :
sudo dmidecode --type 17
source :
https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/check-ram-speed-linux/
from google (linux get memory type) result 1
21 july 2017 13:13
problem :
linuxmint cinnamon : change font size for
file explorer/manager (nemo)
solution :
1. click linuxmint logo on bottom left of the screen
2. 'preferences' -> 'font' -> click 'default font' to
resize default font size
default font size affect file explorer/manager (nemo)
problem :
make normal file becomes executable file
solution :
chmod u+x filename
28 july 2017 11:27 edt
problem :
which firefox website tab slows down cpu the most
solution :
type
about:performance
in address bar.
source :
google
(firefox check which tab consume cpu usage)
result 1
5 august 2017 19:10 edt
problem :
make firefox get websites from
cache, not from internet
solution :
menu -> developer -> work offline
8 august 2017 11:01 edt
problem :
from linux gui, switch to console
solution :
ctrl + alt + f1 to f6
ctrl + alt + f7 to return to linux gui
source :
1. http://ask.xmodulo.com/boot-into-command-line-ubuntu-debian.html
from google (linuxmint start in console mode) result 4
2. https://www.howtogeek.com/111417/how-to-multitask-in-the-linux-terminal-3-ways-to-use-multiple-shells-at-once/
from google (linux multi console) result 1
11 august 2017 16:14 edt
problem :
c/c++ gdb can not print global variable
solution :
p 'varname[abi:cxx11]'
source :
'q[abi:cxx11]' in
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40820535/can-not-print-global-objects-in-gdb
from google (gdb can not print global variable) result 2
16:29 edt
problem :
java jdb can not print static global variable
solution :
print packagename.classname.staticVariableName
source :
(gdb) p 'f2.c'::x
in https://sourceware.org/gdb/onlinedocs/gdb/Variables.html
from google (gdb print global variable) result 2
18:33 edt
problem :
c++ compile with debug info
solution :
g++ -ggdb -o executablefile file.c
source :
'-ggdb'
in https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Debugging-Options.html
from google (g++ with debugging info) result 1
12 august 2017 19:02 edt
problem :
geany comment style is
/*
* comment
*/
change that to
/*
comment
*/
solution :
edit -> preferences -> editor -> completion tab
uncheck 'automatic continuation of multi-line comments'
source :
'Editor Indentation preferences' in
https://geany.org/manual/dev/
from google (geany comment style) result 4
16 august 2017 17:37 edt
problem :
block facebook website from web browser so the user can
concentrate doing work without temptation from
visiting facebook website
solution :
sudo nano /etc/hosts
put
127.0.0.1 www.facebook.com
18:10 edt
problem :
debug java program which accept console input
solution :
steps :
1. in linux terminal 1 :
java -agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,server=y,address=
2. in linux terminal 2 :
jdb -attach
example = 8000
stop at packagename.classname:linenumber
run
3. in linux terminal 1 :
enter the input
source :
1. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1853628/how-do-i-pass-console-input-to-a-running-java-program-instead-of-to-jdb
from google (jdb put input) result 1
2. https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSYKE2_8.0.0/com.ibm.java.aix.80.doc/user/jdb.html
from google (jdb port) result 3
24 august 2017 19:38 edt
problem :
how much time does each process take during
boot ?
solution :
systemd-analyze blame
source :
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Improving_performance/Boot_process
from google (systemd startup times) result 1
26 august 2017 9:52 edt
problem:1)linux-gnome terminal : scroll up 1 page,scroll down 1 page
2)linux-gnome terminal : scroll up 1 line,scroll down 1 line[added 27 nov 2018 6:12 pm est]
solution:1)linux-gnome terminal : scroll up 1 page,scroll down 1 page:
hold shift then press page-up
hold shift then press page-down
source:https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/60382/how-to-scroll-in-a-terminal-using-keyboard from google (scroll up gnome terminal) result 5
2)linux-gnome terminal : scroll up 1 line,scroll down 1 line
hold ctrl and shift then press up-arrow
hold ctrl and shift then press down-arrow
30 august 2017 11:12 am edt
problem : change gnome terminal color
solution : edit -> profile perference
click 'colors' tab
change 'built-in schemes' to 'custom'
click each color palette to change color palette which looks
bad on gnome terminal
5 september 2017 15:46 edt
problem : skip harddisk check during boot
solution :
sudo nano /ets/fstab
write 0 for column (last column)
source :
https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-unix-bypassing-fsck/
from google (linux avoid check disk during boot) result 2
14 september 2017 20:04 edt
problem : compile curses.c which uses ncurses library produce error :
gcc -o curses -lcurses curses.c
/tmp/ccf4ULfk.o: In function `main':
curses.c:(.text+0x18): undefined reference to `initscr'
curses.c:(.text+0x1d): undefined reference to `echo'
curses.c:(.text+0x24): undefined reference to `stdscr'
solution :
gcc -o curses curses.c -lncurses
source :
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/805343/undefined-reference-when-using-ncurses-on-linux
from google (ncurses undefined reference to `initscr') result 2
18 september 2017 13:20 edt
problem :
nano-editor.org editor command cheat sheet
nano-editor.org cheat sheet
solution :
File Control in nano
Open or create the file “index.php” with nano on command line. : nano index.php
save changes and stay inside nano : ctrl-o then press 'enter'
open a new file with a new buffer within nano : ctrl-r alt-f
switch to the next file buffer in nano : alt->
switch to the previous file buffer in nano : alt-<
quit nano : ctrl-x
save changes and quit nano : ctrl-x
navigating file-content in nano :
move to beginning of current-line. : ctrl-a
move to end of current-line : ctrl-e
move down 1 page : ctrl-v
move up 1 page : ctrl-y
go to beginning-of-file : alt-\
go to end-of-file : alt-/
go to a line number : alt-g
find matching open-bracket/close-bracket '{' , '[' , '}' , ']' : alt-]
select a block and indent the block : alt-a alt-}
select a block and outden the block : alt-a alt-{
copy and paste in nano :
select a block for copy-operation or cut-operation , do alt-a again to unselect : alt-a
copy a highlighted block to clipboard : alt-a alt-^
cut a highlighted block to clipboard : alt-a ctrl-k
cut from current-cursor-position to end-of-current-line : ctrl-k
paste content from clipboard at current-cursor-position : ctrl-u
[addition 8 jul 2021 12:37 pm edt]
weakness : ctrl-u for paste , can not paste to input-for-text-search. ctrl-w show input-for-text-search.
but mouse-click copy-paste can paste text to input-for-text-search.
[/addition 8 jul 2021 12:37 pm edt]
Search and Replace in nano
search a word : ctrl-w
repeat the last search : alt-w
search and replace : alt-r
[ source : http://www.codexpedia.com/text-editor/nano-text-editor-command-cheatsheet/ from google (nano cheat sheet) result 1 ]
[addition 21 apr 2020 12:3 pm edt]
search-backward in nano: ctrl-w then alt-b [source:'To toggle backwards searching, you need to press Alt + B in the search dialog.' in https://askubuntu.com/questions/47515/any-way-to-search-for-text-within-nano from google (nano search backward) result 1]
[/addition 21 apr 2020 12:3 pm edt]
[addition 7 jul 2021 3:17 pm edt]
get current line-number-info for current-text : ctrl-c
[/addition 7 jul 2021 3:17 pm edt]
[addition 8 jul 2021 12:31 pm edt]
undo : alt-u , redo : alt-e
[/addition 8 jul 2021 12:31 pm edt]
[addition 22 sep 2021 6:29 pm edt]
Whitespace display enable/disable : alt-p
Color syntax highlighting enable/disable : alt-y
[/addition 22 sep 2021 6:29 pm edt]
29 september 2017 14:30 edt
problem :
change user agent (useragent) string in chromium, firefox,midori [add midori 18 jan 2019 8:19 am est]
solution :
(1)chromium:(1st procedure maybe does not work because chromium setting does not
save the new useragent string,2nd procedure seems working)
procedure 1 :
click 'menu' in top right corner
click 'more tools'
click 'developer tools'
click 3 colon like ':' but 3 dots located on left side of
'x' on top right corner
click 'more tools'
click 'network conditions'
on bottom right screen :
under user agent :
uncheck 'select automatically'
type new user agent string in 'enter a custom user agent'
procedure 2 : (1 dec 2017 5:49 pm est)
run chromium with command line with option
--user-agent="[string]"
so
google-chrome --password-store=basic --user-agent="someuseragent"
chromium-browser --password-store=basic --user-agent="someuseragent"
(2)firefox : (5 january 2018 11:15 pm est)
(1)enter in url address bar: about:config
(2)enter search keyword: useragent
(3)if 'general.useragent.override' does not exist then make string-variable 'general.useragent.override' then put value for 'general.useragent.override' variable
if 'general.useragent.override' exists then
double click 'general.useragent.override'
then change that value
if general.useragent.override does not exist then
right click to show pop up menu,
click 'new', click 'string'
enter the preference name :
general.useragent.override
then put a value for that preference name
[addition 23 jul 2020 6:38 pm edt]
if 'general.useragent.override' exists and has boolean-data-type then
change boolean-data-type to string-data-type then
write text-value for that general.useragent.override. (firefox-71) [source:https://www.ghacks.net/2019/12/11/mozilla-removes-site-specific-user-agent-override-option-from-firefox-71/ from google (firefox 71 user agent string) result 4]
[/addition 23 jul 2020 6:38 pm edt]
source:(1)https://www.technipages.com/google-chrome-change-user-agent-string from google (chromium change user agent string) result 1
(2)https://superuser.com/questions/98798/how-do-i-change-firefoxs-user-agent-via-aboutconfig/98804#98804?newreg=019fc0c2d828497aa0f2107c96f1aa76 from google (firefox change user agent) result 5
[addition 29 oct 2020 11:59 am edt]
some web-site like https://www.newegg.com/black-bitfenix-shinobi-xl-atx-full-tower/p/N82E16811345004
refuse to show-up if user-agent-string is not original-setting/original-value.
original-setting/original-value is :
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:72.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/72.0
[source:https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/how-reset-default-user-agent-firefox from google ( firefox 67 change user agent )]
[addition 10 nov 2020 7:38 am est]
but https://www.newegg.com/black-bitfenix-shinobi-xl-atx-full-tower/p/N82E16811345004
still willing to show-up if user-agent-string is
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:72.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/72.0. wget -U 'facebook.com/arnon.jaya|operating system=linuxmint 18.2 sonya cinnamon|wget' --spider some-url
[/addition 10 nov 2020 7:38 am est]
[addition 10 nov 2020 11:52 am est]
https://www.loudounportal.com/taxes -> click 'real estate' or click 'personal property' or etc...
still willing to show-up if user-agent-string ( about:config -> variable-name 'general.useragent.override' ) is/contain-value
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:72.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/72.0. wget -U 'facebook.com/arnon.jaya|operating system=linuxmint 18.2 sonya cinnamon|wget' --spider some-url
[/addition 10 nov 2020 11:52 am est]
[addition 30 apr 2021 6:4 am edt] end 7:52 am edt
after changing value for 'general.useragent.override' , directly-using https://myaccountrwd.allstate.com to login
will produce login-failure.
use front-page allstate.com to successully-login for initial-time then next-time can use
https://myaccountrwd.allstate.com to login.
[/addition 30 apr 2021 6:4 am edt]
[/addition 29 oct 2020 11:59 am edt]
[addition 7 mar 2021 2:5 pm est]
web-site for knowing current useragent : whatsmyua.info. [source:'whatsmyua.info' in https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/how-reset-default-user-agent-firefox#w_view-your-user-agent]
to reset useragent / change useragent to factory-setting / original-value : delete general.useragent.override ( click trash-container-icon located on right-side-adjacent-to variable 'general.useragent.override' )
[/addition 7 mar 2021 2:5 pm est]
(3)midori:[18 jan 2019 8:21 am est]
'Open the Preferences window, then Network->Identify as' in https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-software-2/change-http-headers-in-midori-browser-4175554666/ from google(midori user agent string)result 5
my user-agent-string:www.facebook.com/arnon.jaya|operating system=linuxmint 18.2 sonya cinnamon|Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux) AppleWebKit/538.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/46.0.2490.86 Safari/538.15 Midori/0.5
17:12 edt
problem :
chromium web browser asks for password
to unlock login key ring
solution :
run
chromium-browser --password-store=basic
to launch chromium browser without asking for
password to unlock login key ring.
password for login form in websites will be stored
in plain text (basic mode) without encryption.
source :
https://askubuntu.com/questions/31786/chrome-asks-for-password-to-unlock-keyring-on-startup
from google (make chromium stop asking keyring) result 1
1 october 2017 14:57 edt
problem :
add more memory to
igpu (integrated gpu/integrated video card)
in a cpu with integrated gpu inside a cpu chip.
solution :
bios -> 'advanced' ->
select memory amount for 'igpu memory'
2 october 2017 11:44 am edt
problem :
in linuxmint cinnamon,
all windows becomes transparent and maximised
solution :
1. right click 'show desktop' icon on bottom left
screen, 2nd icon from the left.
2. click 'configure'
3. turn off 'peek at the desktop on hover'
if all windows still transparent then reboot
source :
https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?t=238789
from
google (linuxmint cinnamon windows maximised but transparent)
result 1
22 october 2017 19:33 edt
problem :
make firefox shows javascript error
solution :
click
options -> developer -> browser console
source :
'Browser Console. The Browser Console lets you see
all JavaScript errors and logging in the browser,
including from Firefox code. To enable it, go to
about:config in the url bar and set
devtools.chrome.enabled to true , or set
the "Enable chrome and add-on debugging" option
in the developer tool settings.'
in https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Debugging/Debugging_JavaScript
from google (firefox javascript error) result 2
11 november 2017 17:29 est
problem :
start firefox with a certain profile
solution :
firefox -P profile-name
source :
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Command_Line_Options#-P_.22profile_name.22
from google (start firefox profile) result 3
problem :
firefox, create a new profile
solution :
use firefox to go to web address :
about:profiles
19 december 2017 10:21 pm est, 6 january 2018 6:58 pm est
problem :
linux boot to 'emergency mode',
can not show linux desktop.
solution :
option 1.
1. type 'journalctl -xb'
to go to bash prompt
2. then 'root' bash prompt appear.
3. cat /var/log/boot.log
4. check which /dev/sda fails to mount
if 'fsck /dev/sda1' fails then
do
fsck -y /dev/sda1
5. reboot
show all partition names :
sudo fdisk -l
source :
1. 'Welcome to emergency mode! After logging in, type "journalctl -xb" to view
system logs, "systemctl reboot" to reboot, "systemctl default" or ^D to
try again to boot into default mode.'
in
https://superuser.com/questions/1219695/how-to-avoid-welcome-to-emergency-mode
from
google (linux emergency mode log) result 6
2. https://askubuntu.com/questions/646414/welcome-to-emergency-mode-think-it-is-a-fsck-problem
from
google (linuxmint emergency mode log) result 1
19 december 2017 10:42 pm est
problem :
linux : identify filesystem type
solution :
file -sL /dev/sda1
source :
http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/04/identify-file-system-type
from google (linux check partition type) result 4
22 december 2017 3:51 pm est
problem :
does whatsapp record missing call during internet is offline ?
solution :
yes
source :
1. https://www.quora.com/If-you-ring-someone-on-WhatsApp-but-they-have-no-3G-connection-or-WiFi-connection-will-they-still-receive-a-missed-call-notification
from google (whatsapp record call when offline) result 1
2. https://www.quora.com/Do-you-get-a-missed-call-notification-on-whatsapp-if-it-never-rings-just-attempts-to-dial
from google (whatsap record missing call) result 1
28 december 2017 10:19 pm est, 4 january 2018 7:23 pm est
problem :
linux change computer name
solution :
example : change computer name to 'b'
1. %>sudo nano /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 b
2. %>sudo nano /etc/hostname
b
3. %>sudo hostname
to display current hostname
4. close linux terminal, open linux terminal,
new hostname should show in bash prompt
source :
'How to change the Ubuntu server hostname without a system restart?'
in
https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/ubuntu-change-hostname-command/
in
http://www.ihaveapc.com/2010/06/quickly-change-computer-name-in-linux-mint/
from google (linux change hostname) result 1
29 december 2017 11:34 am est, 4 january 2018 7:23 pm est
problem :
linuxmint can not have 1280 x 1024
only has 1024 x 768 maximum
possible solution :
vga cable connection to pc is loose,
push vga cable to pc.
5 january 2018 5:18 pm est
problem :
creating new firefox tab with ctrl 't',
creates
a new firefox tab which contains
websites icons recommendations.
how to clear that new firefox tab ?
solution :
1. click an icon 'customize your new tab page'
on the top right of the new firefox tab.
2. uncheck everything
3. click 'done'
source :
https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/customize-new-tab-page
from
google (clear firefox startup page in new tab)
result 1
5 january 2018 9:54 pm est
1. problem :
linuxmint installation does not have a swap partition.
reinstall linuxmint with swap partition.
keep old files in /home partition and that is possible if
/home was installed in separate partition
as written in
find
'install linuxmint 18.2 in a partition separate'
in this text
solution :
when asked whether to :
1. install linuxmint alongside linuxmint 18.2
2. erase disk and install linuxmint
...
...
5. something else <--- pick this option
find partition for
/
delete / partition using '-' button
/ partition will be shown as 'free space'
click the 'free space' then click '+' button
create / partition with smaller size.
then create swap partition
with size the rest of the free space.
find partition for /home, the size of /home should be
a clue for finding which partition /home is.
edit that partition, set /home as mount point for
that partition.
ensure 'format partition' checkbox is checked for / partition.
ensure 'format partition' checkbox is unchecked
for /home partition so files in /home partition is being kept.
6 january 2018
6:44 pm est
problem : linuxmint 18.2 set autologin, auto login
solution :
a@b ~ $ sudo nano /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/70-linuxmint.conf
[SeatDefaults]
user-session=cinnamon
autologin-user=a
source :
1. 'lightdm'
in
https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?t=247385
from google (linuxmint sonya set autologin) result 1
2. 'autologin-user=username',
'System provided configuration is stored in
/usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/*.conf and
is not user editable. System administrators can override
this configuration in /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/*.conf
and /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf. Files are read in
the above order and combined together to make the LightDM
configuration'
in
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LightDM#Setting_an_Automatic_Login
from google
(linuxmint /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf not available)
result 2
7:21 pm est
problem : linuxmint check disk during boot, turn off that
solution :
sudo nano /etc/fstab
replace non-zero value with
0
in the end of each line.
set value for to 0
source : google
11 january 2018 8:43 pm est, 13 january 2018 7:28 pm est
problem :
headphones not emitting sounds in linux
solution :
maybe try reboot that linux
19 january 2018
11:12 am est
problem :
how to format answer text in
www.stackoverflow.com ,
www.stackexchange.com
solution :
https://stackoverflow.com/editing-help
from
google (stackoverflow answer format) result 2
5:41 pm est
problem :
firefox, chromium
memory usage during browsing facebook newsfeed
is prodigal.
solution
reduce firefox, chromium screen size to
slightly less than maximised size.
that maybe make firefox, chromium more efficient
in using memory.
3 february 2018 2:39 pm est
problem :
/var/log/syslog
says
Feb 3 09:38:19 a dbus-daemon[793]: Unknown username "whoopsie" in message bus configuration file
solution :
remove the policy for the user whoopsie in
/etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.conf
source :
https://bugs.launchpad.net/linuxmint/+bug/1682787
from
google (messagebus whoosie) result 1
2:46 pm est
problem :
boot to recovery mode to do fsck
solution :
hold shift during boot, a linux boot menu will show up.
source : maybe askubuntu.com from google
20 february 2018 9:18 pm est
problem :
linux firefox font looks bad
solution :
run
sudo dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig-config
source :
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/226831/how-can-i-improve-the-font-rendering-in-firefox
from
google (best linux firefox font) result 1
good font : raghumalayalam, dejavu
problem :
linux : print list of font names
solution :
fc-list
source :
https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/quickly-list-all-available-fonts.html
from
google (linux font list) result 1
24 february 2018 7:56 pm est
problem :
find files which are different in 2 folders
solution :
sudo diff -qr folder1 folder2
3 march 2018 12:45 pm est
problem :
linux : set date, time manually, without internet time server
because the computer does not use crc battery/cmos battery
on motherboard therefore
can not remember current time when the computer is shutdown
and the power sentry which provide power to computer,
speaker, monitor, is turned off.
benefit of not using crc battery/cmos battery :
saving energy for recycling battery.
solution :
sudo date +%d_%B_%Y_%H:%M_%P_%Z -s "1 february 2018 12:46 pm est"
or
sudo date '+%d %B %Y %H:%M %P %Z' -s "3 march 2018 1:2 pm est"
source :
1. https://www.garron.me/en/linux/set-time-date-timezone-ntp-linux-shell-gnome-command-line.html
from google (linux set date) result 1
2. https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-display-date-and-time/
from google (linux display date) result 1
[addition 9 feb 2023 2:27 pm est]
then make-sure file /etc/default/hwclock , contain :
BADYEAR=no
HWCLOCKACCESS=yes
HWCLOCKPARS=
HCTOSYS_DEVICE=rtc0
so that /etc/init.d/hwclock.sh automatically-start during start/boot and shut-down .
/etc/init.d/hwclock.sh scribe linux-distro-current-date-time to rtc/real-time-clock/hardware-clock .
then crc-battery/cmos-battery give electricity-ampere to motherboard to make rtc/real-time-clock/hardware-clock stay-on
even-though computer is shut-down / mortem / off . [source : abchk1234.wordpress.com/2013/11/14/stop-debian-from-saving-to-the-hardware-clock-on-shutdown-solve-messing-up-of-time-on-windows-by-debian-prevent-debian-from-messing-up-the-system-time/ from google ( debian hwclock during shutdown ) result 1 ]
[/addition 9 feb 2023 2:27 pm est]
problem :
linux : print date and time
solution :
1. run
date
or
2. run
date '+%d %B %Y %H:%M %Z'
date format :
put '+' then any of these..
%% a literal %
%a locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun)
%A locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)
%b locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)
%B locale's full month name (e.g., January)
%c locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005)
%C century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 20)
%d day of month (e.g., 01)
%D date; same as %m/%d/%y
%e day of month, space padded; same as %_d
%F full date; same as %Y-%m-%d
%g last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)
%G year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V
%h same as %b
%H hour (00..23)
%I hour (01..12)
%j day of year (001..366)
%k hour, space padded ( 0..23); same as %_H
%l hour, space padded ( 1..12); same as %_I
%m month (01..12)
%M minute (00..59)
%n a newline
%N nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
%p locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known
%P like %p, but lower case
%r locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)
%R 24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M
%s seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
%S second (00..60)
%t a tab
%T time; same as %H:%M:%S
%u day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
%U week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
%V ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
%w day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday
%W week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
%x locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)
%X locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)
%y last two digits of year (00..99)
%Y year
%z +hhmm numeric time zone (e.g., -0400)
%:z +hh:mm numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00)
%::z +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00)
%:::z numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04,
+05:30)
%Z alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)
By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes. The following
optional flags may follow '%':
- (hyphen) do not pad the field
_ (underscore) pad with spaces
0 (zero) pad with zeros
^ use upper case if possible
# use opposite case if possible
source : man date > man_date_output.txt
then copy paste some part of that output.txt
3:09 pm est|4 nov 2018 7:52 am est add ',version 2/3.' |7:53 am est add 'succeed 4 nov 2018 morning edt timezone change to est timezone'
a code to set time, date manually, an easier solution,version 2/3.
for problem
'linux : set date, time manually, without internet time server'
:
1. put this code in a file time_update_manual.sh
#!/bin/sh
if [ "$1" = "" ]
then
echo 'argument not available, exiting'
exit 0
else
echo 'arg:' $1
fi
#sudo date '+%d %B %Y %H:%M %P %Z' -s "3 march 2018 1:48 pm est"
#echo "sudo date '+%d %B %Y %H:%M %P %Z' -s "\"$1\"
#echo 'arg :'\"$1\"
#eval 'sudo date \'+%d %B %Y %H:%M %P %Z\' -s \'$1\''
#echo $'sudo date \'+%d %B %Y %H:%M %P %Z\' -s \'$1\'
#echo 'sudo date \'+%d %B %Y %H:%M %P %Z\' -s \'$1\'''
eval "sudo date '+%d %B %Y %H:%M %P %Z' -s "\'$1\'
2. save that code
3. run
chmod u+x time_update_manual.sh
4. run that code, for example :
./time_update_manual.sh "3 march 2018 3:7 pm est"
./time_update_manual.sh "4 november 2018 7:00 am edt" --> error
./time_update_manual.sh "4 november 2018 7:00 am est" --> succeed 4 nov 2018 morning edt timezone change to est timezone
source :
1. https://www.shellscript.sh/functions.html
2. http://codewiki.wikidot.com/shell-script:if-else
from google (linux shell if) result 1
3. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2355148/run-a-string-as-a-command-within-a-bash-script
from google (linux shell execute command) result 1
4. https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/31414/how-can-i-pass-a-command-line-argument-into-a-shell-script
from google (linux shell script argument) result 1
5. https://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/Exit_command
from google (shell script exit command) result 1
(9:2 pm est)
9:13 pm est
internet router does not have a button to turn itself off.
use power sentry to provide power to that internet router.
turn off that power sentry to turn off that internet router.
4 march 2018 3:21 pm est|4 nov 2018 7:47 am est add 'version 2'|7:49 am est reword 'quotes "' to 'quotes.'|7:51 am est add 'succeed 4 nov 2018 morning edt timezone change to est timezone'|7:55 am est add #echo "sudo date '+%-d %B %Y %-H:%-M %P %Z' -s "\'$str\'#
solution version 3 for problem
'linux : set date, time manually, without internet time server'
it is not necessary to put the time between 2 double quotes.
./time_update_manual.sh 3 march 2018 3:7 pm est
or
./time_update_manual.sh '3 march 2018 3:7 pm est'
are possible now.
1. save this code as time_update_manual.sh
2. run
chmod u+x time_update_manual.sh
3. run that code, for example :
./time_update_manual.sh 3 march 2018 3:7 pm est
./time_update_manual.sh 3 mar 2018 3:7 pm est
./time_update_manual.sh 4 nov 2018 7:00 am edt --> error
./time_update_manual.sh 4 nov 2018 7:00 am est --> succeed 4 nov 2018 morning edt timezone change to est timezone
begin code :
#!/bin/sh
if [ "$1" = "" ]
then
echo 'argument not available, exiting'
exit 0
fi
str=""
for arg
do
str=$( echo $str $arg )
done
echo 'setting to time:' $str
echo "sudo date '+%-d %B %Y %-H:%-M %P %Z' -s "\'$str\' -->[added 4 nov 2018 7:42 am est]
#sudo date '+%d %B %Y %H:%M %P %Z' -s "3 march 2018 1:48 pm est"
#echo "sudo date '+%d %B %Y %H:%M %P %Z' -s "\"$1\"
#echo 'arg :'\"$1\"
#eval 'sudo date \'+%d %B %Y %H:%M %P %Z\' -s \'$1\''
#echo $'sudo date \'+%d %B %Y %H:%M %P %Z\' -s \'$1\'
#echo 'sudo date \'+%d %B %Y %H:%M %P %Z\' -s \'$1\'''
#eval "sudo date '+%d %B %Y %H:%M %P %Z' -s "\'$1\'
#eval "sudo date '+%d %B %Y %H:%M %P %Z' -s "\'$str\'
: "update 7 march 2018 5:51 pm est
previous line shows 07 march, next line shows 7 march
"
eval "sudo date '+%-d %B %Y %-H:%-M %P %Z' -s "\'$str\'
: "
to run :
./time_update_manual.sh 4 march 3:2 pm est
credit :
1. https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Bourne_Shell_Scripting/Control_flow#The_for_loop
from google (bourne for loop) result 1
2. http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/string-manipulation.html
from google (sh script string) result 1
3. 'return 0'
in
http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/complexfunct.html#EX60
from
'Function Taking Parameters'
in
http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/index.html
4. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6212219/passing-parameters-to-a-bash-function
from
google (sh passing parameter to function) result 1
5. https://www.lifewire.com/pass-arguments-to-bash-script-2200571
from
google (sh script passing args) result 2
6. https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-bash2/#acceptargue
from
'Bash by example'
in
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4824590/propagate-all-arguments-in-a-bash-shell-script
from google (sh script passing all command line parameters) result 1
7. https://www.unix.com/unix-for-dummies-questions-and-answers/71835-how-do-i-know-my-current-shell.html
from
google (what is my shell) result 1
8.'A script may specify #!/bin/bash on the first line,
meaning that the script should always be run with bash,
rather than another shell. /bin/sh is an executable
representing the system shell.
Actually, it is usually implemented as a symbolic link
pointing to the executable for whichever shell is the system shell.'
in
https://askubuntu.com/questions/141928/what-is-difference-between-bin-sh-and-bin-bash
from google (bin/sh vs bash) result 1
"
end of code
5 march 2018 9:36 am est
problem : an easier solution to problem
'linux : print date and time'
solution :
1. save this code written under section 'begin code :'
as time_print.sh
2. run
chmod u+x time_print.sh
3. run that code :
./time_print.sh
begin code :
#!/bin/sh
eval "date '+%-d %B %Y %-H:%-M %Z'"
: "
to run :
./time_update_manual.sh 4 march 3:2 pm est
credit :
1. https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Bourne_Shell_Scripting/Control_flow#The_for_loop
from google (bourne for loop) result 1
2. http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/string-manipulation.html
from google (sh script string) result 1
3. 'return 0'
in
http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/complexfunct.html#EX60
from
'Function Taking Parameters'
in
http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/index.html
4. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6212219/passing-parameters-to-a-bash-function
from
google (sh passing parameter to function) result 1
5. https://www.lifewire.com/pass-arguments-to-bash-script-2200571
from
google (sh script passing args) result 2
6. https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-bash2/#acceptargue
from
'Bash by example'
in
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4824590/propagate-all-arguments-in-a-bash-shell-script
from google (sh script passing all command line parameters) result 1
7. https://www.unix.com/unix-for-dummies-questions-and-answers/71835-how-do-i-know-my-current-shell.html
from
google (what is my shell) result 1
8.'A script may specify #!/bin/bash on the first line,
meaning that the script should always be run with bash,
rather than another shell. /bin/sh is an executable
representing the system shell.
Actually, it is usually implemented as a symbolic link
pointing to the executable for whichever shell is the system shell.'
in
https://askubuntu.com/questions/141928/what-is-difference-between-bin-sh-and-bin-bash
from google (bin/sh vs bash) result 1
"
end of code
[addition 14 oct 2023 5:2 pm est-not-edt]
new code for updating time , this time with additional-unix-instruction 'sudo hwclock --systohc'
#!/bin/sh
if [ "$1" = "" ]
then
echo 'argument not available, exiting'
exit 0
fi
str=""
for arg
do
str=$( echo $str $arg )
done
echo 'setting to time:' $str
eval "sudo date '+%-d %b %Y %-H:%-M %P %Z' -s '"$str"'"
echo "sudo hwclock --systohc" #if this command is not being sent-and-done then with mobo-green-color-led-illuminating during ampere-is-off , starting
#computer again will make mobo and linuxmint.com-operating-system forgot current-time which was set prior shut-down
using this bash-file but-without unix-command 'sudo hwclock --systohc' .
#so this command 'sudo hwclock --systohc' is needed . so maybe someday mobo-cmos-battery cr-2032 suffer
# ampere-depletion-and-mortem , with mobo-green-color-led-still-illuminating-during-computer-is-off someone can
# remove that mortem-cr-2032-battery and maybe suffer little-electrocution , and install new cr-2032-battery to that mobo .
# and mobo still remember current-time .
eval "sudo hwclock --systohc"
#echo "sudo cpufreq-set -u 1.6GHz" #intel.com-core-cpu-cpufreq-set is not working , cpu-freq still increase beyond maximum-limit-policy
#eval "sudo cpufreq-set -u 1.6GHz"
#: "
#to run :
#./time_update_manual.sh 4 march 3:2 pm est
#credit :
#1. https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Bourne_Shell_Scripting/Control_flow#The_for_loop
# from google (bourne for loop) result 1
#2. http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/string-manipulation.html
# from google (sh script string) result 1
#3. 'return 0'
# in
# http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/complexfunct.html#EX60
# from
# 'Function Taking Parameters'
# in
# http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/index.html
#4. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6212219/passing-parameters-to-a-bash-function
# from
# google (sh passing parameter to function) result 1
#5. https://www.lifewire.com/pass-arguments-to-bash-script-2200571
# from
# google (sh script passing args) result 2
#6. https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-bash2/#acceptargue
# from
# 'Bash by example'
# in
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4824590/propagate-all-arguments-in-a-bash-shell-script
# from google (sh script passing all command line parameters) result 1
#7. https://www.unix.com/unix-for-dummies-questions-and-answers/71835-how-do-i-know-my-current-shell.html
# from
# google (what is my shell) result 1
#8.'A script may specify #!/bin/bash on the first line,
# meaning that the script should always be run with bash,
# rather than another shell. /bin/sh is an executable
# representing the system shell.
# Actually, it is usually implemented as a symbolic link
# pointing to the executable for whichever shell is the system shell.'
# in
# https://askubuntu.com/questions/141928/what-is-difference-between-bin-sh-and-bin-bash
# from google (bin/sh vs bash) result 1
#"
[/addition 14 oct 2023 5:2 pm est-not-edt]
[addition 17 oct 2023 10:39 pm est-not-edt] end 19 oct 2023 11:55 am est-not-edt
i use this bash-(script/program/software) to-connect-and-talk-to timeapi.io to set time-stamp on my linuxmint.com-operating-system-computer
automatically , my location is usa->virginia-state->springfield-city and i use standard-time-zone on my computer i never-use day-light-time-zone
on my computer , so person on different location need to modify this bash-script to set correct-time-stamp
on their computer : wortel.ucoz.com/set-time-with-timeapi-io.sh .
[addition 28 oct 2023 5:47 pm est-not-edt]
this bash-script set time more accurately than 'set-time-with-timeapi-io.sh' but still less accurate than 'ntpdate'
because worldtimeapi.org give-away unix-time-in-second-since-1-jan-1970 so there is smaller-amount-of-parsing-job :
wortel.ucoz.com/set-time-with-worldtimeapi-org.sh .
[/addition 28 oct 2023 5:47 pm est-not-edt]
code which need to be modified : variable 'url' , 'hour_modification' , 'minute_modification' .
timeapi.io , worldtimeapi.org : has list-of-url-address-value-choice for variable 'url' depending-on location .
different-possibly-inter-island-internet-data-journey from usa->virginia-state->springfield-city to : timeapi.io , worldtimeapi.org :
find 'worldtimeapi.org' , 'timeapi.io' in wortel.ucoz.com/traceroute.htm .
example how to use set-time-with-timeapi-io.sh , set-time-with-worldtimeapi-org.sh ( faster because-of using unix-time-in-second-since-1-jan-1970 ,
so there is smaller-amount-of text-parsing-job ) :
(1)modify variable 'url' , 'hour_modification' , 'minute_modification' inside bash-script-file : set-time-with-timeapi-io.sh , set-time-with-worldtimeapi-org.sh
(2)bash>chmod u+x set-time-with-timeapi-io.sh
bash>chmod u+x set-time-with-worldtimeapi-org.sh
need to do that 1-time .
(3)to change time-zone : find 'how to change time-zone ?'
if 3-alphabet-time-zone-on-computer is different-from 3-alphabet-time-zone-on-timeapi.io-or-worldtimeapi.org
then somehow sometime date-time is-being-set-incorrectly like 1-hour-exessively-forward or 1-hour-excessively-backward .
(4)bash>./set-time-with-timeapi-io.sh
or
bash>./set-time-with-worldtimeapi-org.sh
[addition 18 apr 2024 2:51 pm est]
set-time-with-timeapi-io.sh is better for now because set-time-with-worldtimeapi-org.sh use unix-time and
unix-time seems get automatic-1-hour-forward-modification for time-zone edt/day-light-time-zone
so please use set-time-with-timeapi-io.sh , avoid set-time-with-worldtimeapi-org.sh .
[/addition 18 apr 2024 2:51 pm est]
[/addition 17 oct 2023 10:39 pm est-not-edt]
[addition 19 oct 2023 4:51 pm est-not-edt]
'new code for updating time'-manually with looking at clock nearby : wortel.ucoz.com/time-update-manual.sh
example how to use time-update-manual.sh :
(1)bash>chmod u+x time-update-manual.sh
need to do that 1-time .
(2)to change time-zone : find 'how to change time-zone ?'
if 3-alphabet-time-zone-on-computer is different-from 3-alphabet-time-zone-on-timeapi.io-or-worldtimeapi.org
then somehow sometime date-time is-being-set-incorrectly like 1-hour-exessively-forward or 1-hour-excessively-backward .
(3)bash>./time-update-manual.sh 19 oct 2023 4:58 pm
(4)check date , time , time-zone :
bash>timedatectl
[/addition 19 oct 2023 4:51 pm est-not-edt]
[addition 20 oct 2023 4:25 am est-not-edt] end 20 oct 2023 4:31 am est-not-edt
problem : sending-this-linux-command during (non-day-light-time-zone/standard-time-zone/normal-time-zone)-time-period ,
will produce error-msg 'date : invalid date ... '
bash>./time-update-manual.sh 19 mar 2023 4:58 pm edt
tired of memorising when to use 'edt' , when to use 'est' time-zone , wanting to change to 'wib' time-zone with linux-command
bash>./time-update-manual.sh 19 mar 2023 4:58 pm wib
but that also produce error-msg 'date : invalid date ... '
how to change time-zone ?
solution :
need to change time-zone , how to change time-zone ?
(1)find new time-zone-value with linux-command :
bash>timedatectl list-timezones
or
bash>ls /usr/share/zoneinfo | more
(2)bash>sudo timedatectl set-timezone new-time-zone-value
example : bash>sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Jakarta
[addition 20 mar 2024 11:27 am est]
bash>sudo timedatectl set-timezone America/New_York
[/addition 20 mar 2024 11:27 am est]
(3)apparently-writing time-zone is not necessary :
bash>./time-update-manual.sh 19 mar 2023 4:58 pm
[source : linuxize.com/post/how-to-set-or-change-timezone-on-ubuntu-18-04/ from 'timezone' in 'date command returns the date in the default system timezone . To use a different timezone set the environment variable TZ to the desired timezone.' in linuxize.com/post/linux-date-command/ from google ( linux different time zone date invalid date ) result 5 -> People also ask -> How to specify timezone in Linux date command? ]
command 'tzselect' only temporarily-change time-zone . [simplified-source : "If you choose tzselect then time-zone-variable will revert to time-zone-value being set in 'cat /etc/timezone' file after a reboot . " in hostinger.com/tutorials/how-to-change-timezone-in-ubuntu/ from google ( tzselect vs timedatectl set-timezone ) result 1 ]
[addition 20 oct 2023 5:32 am est-not-edt]
warning : if using linux-command 'date' to set time-stamp with wrong time-zone
then linux-command 'date' will quietly-set wrong-time-stamp without producing error-msg .
wrong time-zone has meaning : 3-alphabet-time-zone-value which is different from 3-alphabet-'time zone'-value
inside output-of-linux-command 'timedatectl' .
lacking time-zone like this is good enough : 'bash>./time-update-manual.sh 19 mar 2023 4:58 pm' .
if wanting to scribe 3-alphabet-time-zone then do :
bash>./time-update-manual.sh 19 mar 2023 4:58 pm wib' where 'wib' = 3-alphabet-'time zone'-value inside
inside output-of-linux-command 'timedatectl' :
a@1 04:02 AM ~ timedatectl
Local time: Thu 2023-10-26 04:02:09 WIB
Universal time: Wed 2023-10-25 21:02:09 UTC
RTC time: Wed 2023-10-25 21:02:09
Time zone: Asia/Jakarta (WIB, +0700)
Network time on: no
NTP synchronized: no
RTC in local TZ: no
a@1 04:02 AM ~ timedatectl
maybe there is no excuse to sribe 3-alphabet-time-zone .
example-1-from-total-1 :
a@1 04:30 PM ~ myfiles/time-update-manual.sh 20 oct 2023 5:31 am edt
setting to time: 20 oct 2023 5:31 am edt
[sudo] password for a:
command-inside-bracket-without-bracket [sudo date '+%-d %b %Y %-H:%-M %P %Z' -s '20 oct 2023 5:31 am edt']
produce msg-inside-bracket-without-bracket : [20 Oct 2023 16:31 pm WIB]
sudo hwclock --systohc
[sudo] password for a:
a@1 04:31 PM ~ date
Fri Oct 20 16:31:07 WIB 2023
a@1 04:31 PM ~ sudo timedatectl set-timezone America/New_York
[sudo] password for a:
a@1 05:32 AM ~ myfiles/time-update-manual.sh 20 oct 2023 5:33 am edt
setting to time: 20 oct 2023 5:33 am edt
[sudo] password for a:
command-inside-bracket-without-bracket [sudo date '+%-d %b %Y %-H:%-M %P %Z' -s '20 oct 2023 5:33 am edt']
produce msg-inside-bracket-without-bracket : [20 Oct 2023 5:33 am EDT]
sudo hwclock --systohc
[sudo] password for a:
a@1 05:33 AM ~ date
Fri Oct 20 05:33:03 EDT 2023
a@1 05:33 AM ~
[addition 20 oct 2023 5:32 am est-not-edt]
[/addition 20 oct 2023 4:25 am est-not-edt]
27 march 2018 8:4 pm edt
problem : firefox has custom minimum font size set then vertical spacing
in the text is lacking,
so a text overlap another text underneath.
solution : avoid setting minimum font size to enlarge font,
use zoom to enlarge font.
webpages remember the zoomed font size.
source :
https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/questions/936830
from google (firefox font vertical spacing) result 3
9 april 2018 10:38 pm edt
problem : google-chrome's bookmark file location
solution :
~/.config/google-chrome/Default/Bookmarks
https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/chrome/r2JcioHgpyA
from
google (linux google chrome bookmark file location) result 3
11 april 2018 12:7 pm edt
problem :
mp3 files has album tag, title tag, according to puddletag software.
then those mp3 files is being transfered to sandisk m250 mp3 player
then sandisk m250 mp3 player shows 'unknown' album, 'unknown' title
for those mp3 files
solution :
check sandisk m250 mp3 player's menu -> setting -> usb -> set to 'msc'.
avoid 'autodetect' usb setting.
if computer's file explorer address bar shows the word 'mtp....'
during showing sandisk m250 mp3 player's files
then umount that sandisk m250 mp3 player, set that
sandisk m250 mp3 player's usb setting to 'msc' (not 'autodetect')
then connect that sandisk m250 mp3 player to computer again.
sandisk m250 mp3 player's usb setting 'mtp', 'autodetect'
will show 'unknown' album, 'unknown' title mp3 tags.
sandisk m250 mp3 player's usb setting 'msc'
will show the correct album, title mp3 tags.
changing puddletag software's edit -> preference -> tags -> ID3 options
does not take effect immediately, puddletag's user
must change an mp3 file's tag to some meaningless text
then save then change that mp3 file's tag to a desired text
then save again then the new ID3 options will take effect for
that mp3 file.
use command line software 'id3v2' to check whether puddletag has
written the desired tag to an mp3 file.
cat /var/log/syslog shows this messages during connecting sandisk m250
player with usb setting 'autodetect', not 'msc', which is bad.
Apr 11 11:48:55 b kernel: [ 1233.645774] usb 1-1.4: USB disconnect, device number 4
Apr 11 11:49:08 b kernel: [ 1246.435999] usb 1-1.4: new high-speed USB device number 5 using ehci-pci
Apr 11 11:49:08 b kernel: [ 1246.545625] usb 1-1.4: New USB device found, idVendor=0781, idProduct=7400
Apr 11 11:49:08 b kernel: [ 1246.545627] usb 1-1.4: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
Apr 11 11:49:08 b kernel: [ 1246.545629] usb 1-1.4: Product: SanDisk Sansa m250
Apr 11 11:49:08 b kernel: [ 1246.545631] usb 1-1.4: Manufacturer: SanDisk APIC
Apr 11 11:49:08 b kernel: [ 1246.545632] usb 1-1.4: SerialNumber: 0740001731D2C2CA061214134052012A
Apr 11 11:49:08 b kernel: [ 1246.546832] usb-storage 1-1.4:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
Apr 11 11:49:08 b kernel: [ 1246.547027] scsi host4: usb-storage 1-1.4:1.0
Apr 11 11:48:59 b colord-sane: io/hpmud/pp.c 627: unable to read device-id ret=-1
Apr 11 11:49:08 b org.gtk.vfs.MTPVolumeMonitor[1411]: (process:1582): GVFS-MTP-WARNING **: device (null) has no BUSNUM property, ignoring
Apr 11 11:49:08 b org.gtk.vfs.Daemon[1411]: PTP: reading event an error 0x02ff occurredDevice 0 (VID=0781 and PID=7400) is a SanDisk Sansa m230/m240.
Apr 11 11:49:12 b colord-sane: io/hpmud/pp.c 627: unable to read device-id ret=-1
right-click sandisk-m250-folder then click 'eject' prior detaching usb-drive
from computer.[16 apr 2019 8:53 am edt]
11 april 2018 12:22 pm edt
problem :
how to scroll gnome terminal to previous page ?
solution :
Shift +( PgUp / PgDown )
source :
'Shift +( PgUp / PgDown )'
in
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/80117/how-to-scroll-in-a-terminal-by-line-in-gnome-terminal-2-31-3
from google (scroll gnome terminal) result 3
11 april 2018 12:35 pm edt
problem :
can not delete mp3 files inside sandisk m250 mp3 player,
from linux.
solution :
umount then mount that sandisk m250 mp3 player
then try delete mp3 files inside sandisk m250 mp3 player again.
if mp3 files was transfered to sandisk m250 mp3 player
with usb setting 'autodetect', 'mtp'
then those mp3 files is viewable during
connecting sandisk m250 mp3 player to computer
with usb setting 'autodetect', 'mtp'.
if mp3 files was transfered to sandisk m250 mp3 player
with usb setting 'msc'
then those mp3 files is viewable during
connecting sandisk m250 mp3 player to computer
with usb setting 'msc'.
right-click sandisk-m250-folder then click 'eject' prior detaching usb-drive
from computer.[16 apr 2019 8:53 am edt]
27 april 2018 7:28 pm edt
problem :
geany : make tab consists of 1 space
so it is possible to move a paragraph 1 space to the right with 1 key press.
solution
edit->preferences->editor tab->indentation tab :
set :
width = 1
type = spaces
source :
'Indents the current line or selection by one tab or by spaces
in the amount of the tab width setting.'
in
https://wiki.geany.org/howtos/sorted_keyboard_shortcuts
from google (geany add space to a paragraph) result 1
then highlight a paragraph then
press 'tab' to move that paragraph to the right
[obsolete] [reason] fail [/reason]
problem :
geany : turn off syntax highlighting for .htm file,
make all text's color black
solution :
1. tools->configuration file->filetype_extensions.conf [revised 2 nov 2018 12:14 pm edt]
1)find something like :
HTML=*.htm;*.html;*.shtml;*.hta;*.htd;*.htt;*.cfm;*.tpl; [added 29 oct 2018 3:57 pm edt]
put # in the beginning so :
#HTML=*.htm;*.html;*.shtml;*.hta;*.htd;*.htt;*.cfm;*.tpl;
2)find '[Extensions]'
3)copy that '#HTML=*.htm;*.html;*.shtml;*.hta;*.htd;*.htt;*.cfm;*.tpl;'
to above code '[Extensions]' for backup
4)in underneath '[Extensions]' :
delete '*.htm' from 'HTML=*.htm;*.html;*.shtml;*.hta;*.htd;*.htt;*.cfm;*.tpl;''
filetype_extensions.conf must have 'HTML=' underneath '[Extensions]'
2. close .htm file then open that .htm file
closing and opening geany, still require closing and opening that .htm file [added 2 nov 2018 12:17 pm edt]
source : https://github.com/geany/geany/issues/1596 from google (geany turn off syntax highlighting) result 1
[/obsolete]
[obsolete] 2 nov 2018 12:14 pm edt
1. tools->configuration file->filetype_extensions.conf
1)find something like :
HTML=*.htm;*.html;*.shtml;*.hta;*.htd;*.htt;*.cfm;*.tpl; [added 29 oct 2018 3:57 pm edt]
put # in the beginning so :
#HTML=*.htm;*.html;*.shtml;*.hta;*.htd;*.htt;*.cfm;*.tpl;
2)find '[Extensions]'
3)move '#HTML=*.htm;*.html;*.shtml;*.hta;*.htd;*.htt;*.cfm;*.tpl;'
to above code '[Extensions]'
simply putting comment # in the beginning of the text
'HTML=*.htm;*.html;*.shtml;*.hta;*.htd;*.htt;*.cfm;*.tpl;' in step 1
won't turn off syntax highlighting. [added 29 oct 2018 4:6 pm edt]
[/obsolete]
7:48 pm edt
problem :
geany : replace tab with spaces
solution :
edit->preferences->files tab->replace tabs with space
2 may 2018 9:46 am edt
problem :
linuxmint in original setting, use remote server to
set local time, turn off that.
because the user manually run time_update_manual.sh
to update local time.
sometimes remote server gives the wrong local time.
solution :
a@b ~ $ timedatectl status
Local time: Wed 2018-05-02 09:44:30 EDT
Universal time: Wed 2018-05-02 13:44:30 UTC
RTC time: Thu 2016-02-11 16:55:26
Time zone: America/New_York (EDT, -0400)
Network time on: yes
NTP synchronized: no
RTC in local TZ: no
a@b ~ $ timedatectl set-ntp off
a@b ~ $ timedatectl status
Local time: Wed 2018-05-02 09:45:26 EDT
Universal time: Wed 2018-05-02 13:45:26 UTC
RTC time: Thu 2016-02-11 16:56:21
Time zone: America/New_York (EDT, -0400)
Network time on: no
NTP synchronized: no
RTC in local TZ: no
a@b ~ $
source :
'timedatectl status', 'sudo timedatectl set-ntp on'
in
https://askubuntu.com/questions/920598/disable-network-time-synchronization-in-ubuntu-16-04
from google (turn off ntpdate) result 2
addition 6 may 2018 9:28 am edt ----
if running 'timedatectl status' shows
Network time on: no
NTP synchronized: yes
then do
sudo systemctl stop ntp (for stopping ntp)
sudo systemctl disable ntp (for preventing systemd from starting ntp
in the future)
systemctl is-enabled ntp (for checking current status for ntp)
source :
'With systemd, the two commands are:'
in
https://askubuntu.com/questions/29663/how-do-i-disable-ntpd
from google (turn off ntp daemon) result 1
addition 8 may 2018 3:49 pm edt ----
problem :
systemd says ntp.service is 'disabled'
(running : systemctl list-unit-files
shows : ntp.service's status disabled)
but
ntpdate still run during boot, updating current local time.
solution :
recommended :
linuxmint menu -> preferences ->
date & time -> click 'unlock' -> set 'network time' to 'off'
network time [ |off] means off
network time [on| ] means on
source : https://superuser.com/questions/982280/how-to-disable-time-synchronization-in-linux-mint
from google (disable ntpdate) result 5
addition 8 may 2018 7:4 pm edt ----
1. linuxmint menu -> preferences -> date & time ->network time = off
a@b ~ $ sudo systemctl list-unit-files | grep ntp
[sudo] password for a:
ntp.service disabled
result :
time will not be updated automatically
2. linuxmint menu -> preferences -> date & time ->network time = off
a@b ~ $ sudo systemctl list-unit-files | grep ntp
[sudo] password for a:
ntp.service enabled
result :
linuxmint menu -> preferences -> date & time ->network time
is set to 'on' automatically
time will be updated automatically
3. linuxmint menu -> preferences -> date & time ->network time = on
a@b ~ $ sudo systemctl list-unit-files | grep ntp
[sudo] password for a:
ntp.service disabled
result :
time will not be updated automatically
linuxmint menu -> preferences -> date & time ->network time
is set to 'off' automatically
not recommended :
'To disable ntpdate on an Ubuntu system without removing it you
could simply update /etc/default/ntpdate and add the word exit
as the first line or change the NTPSERVERS variable to be empty.'
in
https://serverfault.com/questions/103224/disable-time-synchronization-on-ubuntu
from
google (disable ntpdate) result 2
to run on ntpdate to sync local time with time server :
sudo systemctl enable ntp
addition 6 may 2018 10:51 am edt ----
'systemd' is a software which replace 'init/sysvinit' because
'init/sysvinit' starts boot-softwares sequentially,
'systemd' starts boot-softwares simulatenously
source :
1. 'one of the major drawbacks of init is that
it starts tasks serially, waiting for each to finish loading
before moving on to the next'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Init#Replacements_for_init
from google (init) result 2
2. 'The SysV init runlevel system provides a standard process
for controlling which programs init launches'
in
https://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/Installation_Guide-en-US/s1-boot-init-shutdown-sysv.html
from google (SysVinit) result 4
3. gentoo wiki says
'init/sysvinit' has parallel service startup feature, just like systemd :
source :
'Parallel service startup '
in
https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Comparison_of_init_systems
from
google (linux init boot time sysvinit vs openrc vs systemd) result 3
but that contradicts
1. 'While SysVinit is easy to work with and modify
because of its use of shell scripts to start and stop system services,
using sequential shell scripts also makes SysVinit inherently slow and
provides no opportunities for starting unrelated services in parallel'
2. 'systemd system startup mechanism provides significant improvements
in parallelizing system startup by understanding the underlying
resources that various services require and use.
systemd also makes it easier to track and manage resources
for related processes by using the control groups (cgroups)
mechanism that has been supported in the Linux kernel
since later versions of the 2.6 kernel.'
in
https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-customize-monitor-linux/index.html
from google (sysvinit parallel startup) page 1 last result
and contradicts
https://superuser.com/questions/602632/making-sysvinit-load-everything-in-parallel-why-does-this-even-work
from
google (sysvinit parallel startup) result 1
so maybe sysvinit does not have parallel startup feature actually.
4. debian likes traditional init/sysvinit,
debian thinks that boot speed is not important
source :
'Boot speed may not be important enough to justify a new init system'
in
https://wiki.debian.org/Debate/initsystem/sysvinit
from google (sysvinit) result 3
addition 6 may 2018 10:15 am edt ---
problem : use systemd to :
shows all service names, show service detail and status
solution :
run
systemctl list-unit-files
systemctl status ntp
example :
this shows ntp is off, ssh is on :
a@b ~ $ systemctl status ntp
● ntp.service - LSB: Start NTP daemon
Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/ntp; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
May 06 09:47:48 b systemd[1]: Stopped LSB: Start NTP daemon.
May 06 09:48:02 b systemd[1]: Stopped LSB: Start NTP daemon.
May 06 09:48:03 b systemd[1]: Stopped LSB: Start NTP daemon.
a@b ~ $ systemctl status ssh
● ssh.service - OpenBSD Secure Shell server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service; enabled; vendor preset: enab
Active: active (running) since Sun 2018-05-06 09:47:53 EDT; 30min ago
Process: 1220 ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCES
Main PID: 971 (sshd)
CGroup: /system.slice/ssh.service
└─971 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
May 06 09:48:02 b systemd[1]: Reloading OpenBSD Secure Shell server.
May 06 09:48:02 b sshd[971]: Received SIGHUP; restarting.
May 06 09:48:02 b systemd[1]: Reloaded OpenBSD Secure Shell server.
source :
https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/SysVinit_to_Systemd_Cheatsheet
from
google (systemd list services) result 3
6 may 2018 9:10 am edt
problem :
/var/log/syslog contains message :
'Unknown username "geoclue" in message bus configuration file'
solution :
'edit
the file /etc/dbus-1/system.d/net.hadess.SensorProxy.conf
and comment-out the part that refers to the user geoclue.'
in
'Regarding the "geoclue" message, it might be a bug in
the iio-sensor-proxy package that should depend on
the geoclue-2.0 package. To get rid of the error message
you can install geoclue-2.0. Another option is to edit
the file /etc/dbus-1/system.d/net.hadess.SensorProxy.conf
and comment-out the part that refers to the user geoclue.'
in
https://github.com/dnschneid/crouton/issues/3372
from google (Unknown username "geoclue" in message bus configuration file) result 1
14 may 2018 1:4 pm edt
problem : some linux command to show drive's filesystem type in linux
solution :
a@b ~ $ df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 387M 11M 376M 3% /run
/dev/sda1 ext2 19G 5.8G 12G 34% /
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 30M 1.9G 2% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda5 ext2 441G 54G 365G 13% /home
cgmfs tmpfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs
tmpfs tmpfs 387M 36K 387M 1% /run/user/1000
a@b ~ $ lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda2
├─sda5 ext2 48b40e38-cba7-476b-841a-e16ac48d6a58 /home
├─sda1 ext2 79f7bc2b-e512-4a91-8d29-a488fcc51b05 /
└─sda6 swap 4b907982-1f15-4720-85f8-781314880c0d [SWAP]
source :
'df -Th', 'lsblk -f'
in
https://www.tecmint.com/find-linux-filesystem-type/
problem (30 may 2018 5:58 pm edt):
linuxmint change datetime to some unwanted datetime.
detail :
statement in /var/log/syslog : May 14 23:59:33 b kernel: [ 2625.330916] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
change datetime to unwanted datetime...
in this syslog, i manually set the datetime to May 14 23:17:00
then datetime is being set to May 15 00:04:33 automatically, unwantedly
i use ext2 not ext4
/var/log/syslog:
Feb 11 11:28:37 b rtkit-daemon[1351]: Supervising 4 threads of 2 processes of 1 users.
Feb 11 11:28:37 b pulseaudio[1422]: [pulseaudio] pid.c: Daemon already running.
Feb 11 11:28:41 b /cinnamon-killer-daemon: Bound Cinnamon restart to Escape.
Feb 11 11:28:43 b obexd[1463]: OBEX daemon 5.37
Feb 11 11:28:47 b colord-sane: io/hpmud/pp.c 627: unable to read device-id ret=-1
Feb 11 11:29:02 b pulseaudio[1350]: [pulseaudio] bluez5-util.c: GetManagedObjects() failed: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NoReply: Did not receive a reply. Possible causes include: the remote application did not send a reply, the message bus security policy blocked the reply, the reply timeout expired, or the network connection was broken.
May 14 23:17:00 b systemd[1021]: Time has been changed
May 14 23:17:00 b systemd[1]: Time has been changed
May 14 23:17:01 b systemd[1]: Starting Stop ureadahead data collection...
May 14 23:17:01 b systemd[1]: Stopped Read required files in advance.
May 14 23:17:01 b systemd[1]: Started Stop ureadahead data collection.
May 14 23:17:10 b dbus[672]: [system] Activating via systemd: service name='org.bluez' unit='dbus-org.bluez.service'
May 14 23:17:26 b kernel: [ 98.474015] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 23:17:26 b kernel: [ 98.510213] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 23:17:26 b kernel: [ 98.546236] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 23:17:31 b kernel: [ 103.230467] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3235889: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3240283
May 14 23:17:37 b kernel: [ 109.050166] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 23:17:53 b CRON[1766]: (root) CMD ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly)
May 14 23:18:10 b kernel: [ 142.174751] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 23:19:11 b kernel: [ 202.672522] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3129367: comm TaskSchedulerBa: deleted inode referenced: 3129508
May 14 23:20:45 b kernel: [ 297.001946] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:758: group 476, block bitmap and bg descriptor inconsistent: 6426 vs 6420 free clusters
May 14 23:21:04 b kernel: [ 316.416199] EXT4-fs (sda5): error count since last fsck: 8400
May 14 23:21:04 b kernel: [ 316.416201] EXT4-fs (sda5): initial error at time 1517081433: ext4_lookup:1609: inode 3129367
May 14 23:21:04 b kernel: [ 316.416203] EXT4-fs (sda5): last error at time 1526354445: ext4_mb_generate_buddy:758
May 14 23:24:40 b dbus[672]: [system] Activating via systemd: service name='org.bluez' unit='dbus-org.bluez.service'
May 14 23:27:10 b kernel: [ 681.669218] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 23:30:58 b systemd[1]: Starting Cleanup of Temporary Directories...
May 14 23:30:58 b systemd-tmpfiles[2171]: [/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/var.conf:14] Duplicate line for path "/var/log", ignoring.
May 14 23:30:58 b systemd[1]: Started Cleanup of Temporary Directories.
May 14 23:33:33 b kernel: [ 1064.688058] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 23:33:48 b kernel: [ 1080.525619] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:758: group 887, block bitmap and bg descriptor inconsistent: 31747 vs 31634 free clusters
May 14 23:35:36 b kernel: [ 1188.124453] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 23:36:03 b kernel: [ 1214.816851] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 23:36:53 b kernel: [ 1264.859197] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 23:37:43 b kernel: [ 1314.900217] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 23:38:36 b kernel: [ 1368.147822] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 23:45:05 b kernel: [ 1757.040499] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 23:46:12 b kernel: [ 1824.106304] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 23:46:42 b kernel: [ 1854.395976] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 23:47:03 b kernel: [ 1875.461844] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 23:48:33 b kernel: [ 1965.207026] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 23:49:12 b kernel: [ 2004.508384] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 23:50:07 b kernel: [ 2059.221283] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 23:51:08 b kernel: [ 2120.220236] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 23:51:39 b kernel: [ 2151.413791] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 23:52:09 b kernel: [ 2181.219973] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 23:54:23 b kernel: [ 2314.994176] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 23:56:58 b kernel: [ 2470.135698] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 23:59:33 b kernel: [ 2625.330916] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:04:33 b kernel: [ 2925.549725] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:14:48 b systemd[1]: Started CUPS Scheduler.
May 15 00:16:22 b kernel: [ 3634.760868] perf: interrupt took too long (2510 > 2500), lowering kernel.perf_event_max_sample_rate to 79500
May 15 00:17:01 b CRON[3209]: (root) CMD ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly)
May 15 00:19:17 b kernel: [ 3808.897070] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:19:18 b dbus[672]: [system] Activating via systemd: service name='org.bluez' unit='dbus-org.bluez.service'
May 15 00:19:19 b kernel: [ 3811.582023] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:19:20 b kernel: [ 3811.874884] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:19:20 b kernel: [ 3811.914905] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:19:20 b kernel: [ 3812.027600] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3235889: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3240283
May 15 00:19:20 b kernel: [ 3812.261590] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:19:41 b kernel: [ 3833.510349] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:20:39 b kernel: [ 3891.491152] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:21:10 b kernel: [ 3922.497510] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3129367: comm TaskSchedulerBa: deleted inode referenced: 3129508
May 15 00:22:00 b kernel: [ 3972.079416] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:23:31 b kernel: [ 4063.374272] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:24:15 b kernel: [ 4107.654375] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:24:33 b dbus[672]: [system] Activating via systemd: service name='org.freedesktop.hostname1' unit='dbus-org.freedesktop.hostname1.service'
May 15 00:24:33 b systemd[1]: Starting Hostname Service...
May 15 00:24:33 b dbus[672]: [system] Successfully activated service 'org.freedesktop.hostname1'
May 15 00:24:33 b systemd[1]: Started Hostname Service.
May 15 00:24:36 b org.gtk.vfs.Daemon[1203]: ** (gvfsd:1215): WARNING **: dbus_mount_reply: Error from org.gtk.vfs.Mountable.mount(): Failed to retrieve share list from server: Connection refused
May 15 00:24:36 b org.gtk.vfs.Daemon[1203]: ** (process:3580): WARNING **: Couldn't create directory monitor on smb://x-gnome-default-workgroup/. Error: The specified location is not mounted
May 15 00:26:17 b kernel: [ 4228.953512] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:26:41 b kernel: [ 4253.399122] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:27:57 b kernel: [ 4329.631516] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:28:18 b kernel: [ 4350.389798] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:28:45 b kernel: [ 4377.529659] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:30:14 b kernel: [ 4466.550518] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:31:34 b kernel: [ 4546.363532] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:31:59 b kernel: [ 4571.850629] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:32:25 b kernel: [ 4597.219535] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:33:16 b kernel: [ 4648.895445] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:34:15 b kernel: [ 4707.325193] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:34:41 b kernel: [ 4733.133374] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:36:19 b kernel: [ 4831.175582] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:41:18 b kernel: [ 5130.316773] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:41:52 b kernel: [ 5164.643447] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:42:14 b kernel: [ 5186.553630] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:42:44 b kernel: [ 5216.560146] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:45:55 b kernel: [ 5407.078821] perf: interrupt took too long (3148 > 3137), lowering kernel.perf_event_max_sample_rate to 63500
May 15 00:55:02 b kernel: [ 5954.602355] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:55:32 b kernel: [ 5984.558656] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:56:02 b kernel: [ 6014.572290] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:56:43 b kernel: [ 6055.756175] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:57:34 b kernel: [ 6106.245420] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 15 00:57:35 b kernel: [ 6107.656808] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 13:00:00 b systemd[1]: Time has been changed
May 14 13:00:00 b systemd[1021]: Time has been changed
May 14 13:07:55 b dbus[672]: [system] Activating via systemd: service name='org.freedesktop.hostname1' unit='dbus-org.freedesktop.hostname1.service'
May 14 13:07:55 b systemd[1]: Starting Hostname Service...
May 14 13:07:55 b dbus[672]: [system] Successfully activated service 'org.freedesktop.hostname1'
May 14 13:07:55 b systemd[1]: Started Hostname Service.
May 14 13:09:27 b dbus[672]: [system] Activating via systemd: service name='org.bluez' unit='dbus-org.bluez.service'
May 14 13:09:29 b kernel: [ 6843.405122] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 13:09:29 b kernel: [ 6843.442276] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 13:09:29 b kernel: [ 6843.471095] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 13:09:29 b kernel: [ 6843.627511] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3235889: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3240283
May 14 13:09:29 b kernel: [ 6843.839031] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 13:10:14 b kernel: [ 6888.798098] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 13:10:38 b kernel: [ 6912.412645] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 13:11:16 b kernel: [ 6950.605320] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 13:11:20 b kernel: [ 6954.340125] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3129367: comm TaskSchedulerBa: deleted inode referenced: 3129508
May 14 13:11:42 b kernel: [ 6976.801646] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3653807: comm TaskSchedulerFo: deleted inode referenced: 3653868
May 14 13:11:59 b systemd[1]: Closed Load/Save RF Kill Switch Status /dev/rfkill Watch.
May 14 13:11:59 b systemd[1]: Stopping Manage, Install and Generate Color Profiles...
May 14 13:11:59 b systemd[1]: Stopped target Printer.
May 14 13:11:59 b systemd[1]: Stopped target Timers.
May 14 13:11:59 b systemd[1]: Stopping User Manager for UID 1000...
May 14 13:11:59 b systemd[1]: Stopped Stop ureadahead data collection 45s after completed startup.
May 14 13:11:59 b systemd[1]: Stopped Daily apt activities.
May 14 13:11:59 b systemd[1]: Stopping RealtimeKit Scheduling Policy Service...
May 14 13:11:59 b systemd[1]: Stopped target Graphical Interface.
May 14 13:11:59 b systemd[1]: Stopped target Multi-User System.
May 14 13:11:59 b systemd[1]: Stopping LSB: Record successful boot for GRUB...
May 14 13:11:59 b systemd[1]: Stopped OpenVPN service.
May 14 13:11:59 b ModemManager[683]: Caught signal, shutting down...
May 14 13:11:59 b NetworkManager[704]: [1526317919.8586] ModemManager disappeared from bus
May 14 13:11:59 b ModemManager[683]: ModemManager is shut down
May 14 13:11:59 b systemd[1021]: Reached target Shutdown.
May 14 13:11:59 b systemd[1021]: Starting Exit the Session...
May 14 13:11:59 b systemd[1021]: Stopped target Default.
May 14 13:11:59 b systemd[1021]: Stopped target Basic System.
May 14 13:11:59 b systemd[1021]: Stopped target Timers.
May 14 13:11:59 b systemd[1021]: Stopped target Paths.
May 14 13:11:59 b systemd[1021]: Stopped target Sockets.
May 14 13:11:59 b systemd[1021]: Received SIGRTMIN+24 from PID 5183 (kill).
May 14 13:11:59 b systemd[1]: Stopping Modem Manager...
May 14 13:11:59 b rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="8.16.0" x-pid="697" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] exiting on signal 15.
solution :
maybe install debian stable, testing because linuxmint is based
on debian unstable or cid
source :
1. 'Ubuntu packages are based on packages from Debian's unstable branch'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(operating_system)
2. Debian always has at least 3 releases in active maintenance:
"stable", "testing" and "unstable".
1. stable
The "stable" distribution contains the latest officially
released distribution of Debian.
This is the production release of Debian, the one which
we primarily recommend using.
The current "stable" distribution of Debian is version 9,
codenamed stretch. It was initially released as version 9 on June 17th, 2017
and its latest update, version 9.4, was released on March 10th, 2018.
2. testing
The "testing" distribution contains packages that haven't been accepted
into a "stable" release yet, but they are in the queue for that.
The main advantage of using this distribution is that it has more
recent versions of software.
See the Debian FAQ for more information on what is "testing"
and how it becomes "stable".
The current "testing" distribution is buster.
3. unstable
The "unstable" distribution is where active development of Debian occurs.
Generally, this distribution is run by developers and those who
like to live on the edge.
The "unstable" distribution is always called sid.
in
https://www.debian.org/releases/
more info :
find 'problem : which linux distro is good ?' in this text
30 may 2018 6:10 pm edt
problem : how to multitask in linux console
solution :
Switch between virtual consoles by pressing Ctrl-Alt and hitting a key between F1 and F6.
Ctrl-Alt-F7 will usually take you back to the graphical X server.
Pressing the key combination will take you to a login prompt.
You can log in and run a command, then switch away –
the command will continue running in the background,
so you can have several different terminal sessions going at the same time.
The “tty1” text here indicates that this is the terminal located at
Ctrl-Alt-F1, tty2 would be at F2.
To start a process in the background, add the & character after its command.
Every job we start gets its own job ID. Run the jobs command to view
the list of currently running jobs. The + sign indicates the job
that was last associated with the shell, while the – sign indicates
the job that was second-to-last associated with the shell.
The fg command allows you to bring a background job to the foreground,
attaching it to the current shell.
Running fg or another job-related command without specifying a job will
use the last-associated job – the one with a + sign in the jobs list.
You can also specify a job number. For example, the following command
will bring job 1 back to the foreground:
fg %1
End a process normally and it will vanish from the list of running jobs.
If you want to detach a job from the current shell, use the ^Z –
that is, Ctrl-Z – keyboard shortcut.
GNU Screen is a “full-screen window manager” that lets you use
multiple shells in a single terminal. It may not be installed by default –
it isn’t on Ubuntu. On Ubuntu or Debian, use the following command
to install Screen:
sudo apt-get install screen
Press Ctrl-a and then d to detach from Screen. You’ll be back to the normal terminal.
To reattach to screen, run the screen -r command. You’ll be back to the same terminal as before.
There’s a lot more you can do with screen. For example, create a new “window” (terminal) in screen by pressing Ctrl-a, then c. Once you have multiple windows, press Ctrl-a twice to switch between them. You can also press Ctrl-a, then “ to see a list of windows.
Select a window in the list and press Enter to switch to it.
To disconnect (but leave the session running)
Hit Ctrl + A and then Ctrl + D in immediate succession.
You will see the message [detached]
To reconnect to an already running session
screen -r
To reconnect to an existing session, or create a new one if none exists
screen -D -r
To create a new window inside of a running screen session
Hit Ctrl + A and then C in immediate succession. You will see a new prompt.
To switch from one screen window to another
Hit Ctrl + A and then Ctrl + A in immediate succession.
To list open screen windows
Hit Ctrl + A and then W in immediate succession
source :
1. https://www.howtogeek.com/111417/how-to-multitask-in-the-linux-terminal-3-ways-to-use-multiple-shells-at-once/
from google (linux multi console) result 1 (8 aug 2017 10:39 am)
2. https://www.howtogeek.com/howto/ubuntu/keep-your-ssh-session-running-when-you-disconnect/
from 'using GNU Screen' in
https://www.howtogeek.com/111417/how-to-multitask-in-the-linux-terminal-3-ways-to-use-multiple-shells-at-once/
from google (linux multi console) result 1 (8 aug 2017 10:39 am)
30 may 2018 6:28 pm edt
problem : turn on auto complete, bash completion feature in debian
solution :
(1) >sudo apt-get install bash-completion
(2)(option-1) make all user can do bash-completion :
(1)>sudo nano /etc/profile
(2)write to file /etc/profile :
if [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
. /etc/bash_completion
fi
(3)>source /etc/profile
or re-login
(option-2) make certain user can do bash-completion :
(1)>sudo nano /home/user-name/.bash_profile
or >sudo nano /home/user-name/.bashrc ( for linuxmint.com )
(2)write to file /home/user-name/.bash_profile or write to file /home/user-name/.bashrc
if [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
. /etc/bash_completion
fi
(3)>source /home/user-name/.bash_profile
or >source /home/user-name/.bashrc
or re-login
source :
https://www.howtoforge.com/how-to-add-bash-completion-in-debian
from google (linux debian turn on auto complete feature) result 1
30 may 2018 9:37 am edt
problem : geany : move vertical green line in right side, column 72
solution :
printer will not print character written in column 72 and
beyond column 72.
that green line is a reminder to put character written in column 72
to the next line.
to move that vertical green line :
edit -> preference -> editor -> display -> under 'long line marker'
put different number
23 june 2018 3:35 pm edt
problem : make firefox-60.0.2 stop giving search-keyword-suggestions
solution : go to url : about:config
set
browser.urlbar.suggest.searches = false
source :
'browser.urlbar' in
https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/questions/1170688
from google (firefox turn off address bar search suggestion)
8 july 2018 3:55 pm edt
problem : a place to test wikipedia edit
solution :
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&action=edit
13 aug 2018 2:57 pm edt
problem : wikipedia-tag/wiki-tag/wiki-mark
for requesting better reference
solution :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Sources_that_are_usually_not_reliable
from 'In 1906, Aaron Aaronsohn's discovery of wild emmer wheat growing in Rosh Pinna (Israel) created a stir in the botanical world.[8][better source needed]'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmer#History
from
'emmer wheat'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wheat&oldid=818004120#Origin
from 'view history' in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat
17 aug 2018 11:45 am edt
problem : wikipedia-markup-language
solution : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet
from
'Cheatsheet' in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#Editing
from
wikipedia-search (wikimarkup)
17 aug 2018 12:41 pm edt
problem : wikipedia-markup for 'citation needed'
solution :
{{Citation needed|reason=Your explanation here|date=August 2018}}
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed
from
'Wikipedia:Citation needed' in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation_needed
from wikipedia-search (citation needed)
31 aug 2018 4:16 pm edt
problem : geany : can not replace newline with other-character
solution : check 'use multi-line matching'
geany regex help :
1. /usr/share/doc/geany/html/index.html#regular-expressions
2. https://www.geany.org/manual/gtk/glib/glib-regex-syntax.html
12 sep 2018 10:14 am edt
problem : wikipedia-markup for line-break/new-line/newline
solution :
{{break}} = one <br />
{{break|5}} = <br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Break from 'break' in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikitext#Line_breaks from 'Help:Wikitext' in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet
12 sep 2018 10:25 am edt | 11:17 am edt reword to #[[User:username]]#
problem : wikipedia-markup for saying username
solution : [[User:username]]
21 sep 2018 4:40 pm edt
problem : wikipedia-markup for space repetition
solution : {{spaces|1}} produces
{{spaces|5}} produces
source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Spaces from '{{nbsp}}' in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Px2 from '{{Px2}}' in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Pad from 'achieved using the {{pad}} template.' in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikitext#Indent_text
5 oct 2018 12:39 pm edt | 12:48 pm edt add #go to line '173761'# | 12:49 pm edt add #use xed to go to line '173761'#
problem : geany can not open syslog.
xed say 'there was a problem opening the file syslog
the file you opened has some invalid characters. if you
continue editing this file you could corrupt this document.
you can also choose another character encoding and try again.'
solution :
1. wait for xed to show the invalid characters/letters then
delete those invalid characters/letters
or
1. close xed
run command :
a@b ~/myfiles $ grep -axvn '.*' syslog
173761:g�>(
&>�6%>�>���=�35=R
�2�<Feb 11 11:28:14 b rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="8.16.0" x-pid="690" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] start
a@b ~/myfiles $
2. use xed to go to line '173761' then delete those strange characters/letters
3. use geany, xed, etc to reopen syslog
source : 1. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29465612/how-to-detect-invalid-utf8-unicode-binary-in-a-text-file from google (detect invalid utf8 character) result 1
2. https://www.fileformat.info/info/charset/UTF-8/list.htm from google (utf8 character)
a line written prior that invalid-character/invalid-letter :
Sep 28 14:03:57 b kernel: [ 8703.616992] EXT4-fs error (device sda5): ext4_lookup:1609: inode #3129529: comm Cache2 I/O: deleted inode referenced: 22446588
14 oct 2018 11:35 am edt | 11:41 am edt add word 'example :'
problem : download a website, download websites
solution :
1)download websites : example :
1.1)create file all_red_lipstick.htm contain :
https://www.maybelline.com/lip-makeup/lipstick/superstay-14-lipstick/ravishing-rougehttps://www.maybelline.com/lip-makeup/lipstick/superstay-matte-ink-liquid-lipstick/voyager
https://www.maybelline.com/lip-makeup/lipstick/superstay-matte-ink-liquid-lipstick/pioneer
https://www.maybelline.com/lip-makeup/lipstick/superstay-24-liquid-lipstick/very-cranberry
https://www.maybelline.com/lip-makeup/lipstick/superstay-24-liquid-lipstick/all-day-cherry
1.2)execute:wget -i all_red_lipstick.htm -v
2)download a website to a file name according to your choice:
execute:wget https://www.maybelline.com/lip-makeup/lipstick/superstay-matte-ink-liquid-lipstick/voyager -v -O voyager.htm
3)download a website to a file name same as the last url portion
execute:wget https://www.maybelline.com/lip-makeup/lipstick/superstay-matte-ink-liquid-lipstick/voyager -v
28 oct 2018 9:52 am edt
problem:show harddisk temperature, cpu temperature
solution:command:
harddisk temperature:
hddtemp /dev/sda
command 'lsblk' show harddisk name 'sda'
cpu temperature:
sensors
28 oct 2018 6:16 pm edt | 7:22 pm edt add 'a@b ~ $ sudo -u postgres psql'
problem:install postgresql, restore backup-data
solution:
1)apt-get install postgresql
optional:2)apt-get install pgadmin3
3)sudo -u postgres psql
\password postgres
4)run pgadmin3, use potgres' password to connect
source:https://serverfault.com/questions/110154/whats-the-default-superuser-username-password-for-postgres-after-a-new-install from google (postgresql initial username) result 1
5)transfer data from dump_file to database 'bbb' :
postgres=#CREATE DATABASE bbb;
bash>pg_restore -U postgres -W -h localhost -d bbb myfiles/backup-usb/backup/bbb.compress source:'In my case I needed to add host: localhost in the database.yml file. – Mihail Velikov Mar 16 '16 at 6:50' in https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18664074/getting-error-peer-authentication-failed-for-user-postgres-when-trying-to-ge from google (postgresql peer authentication failed) result 1
or
postgres=#CREATE DATABASE bbb;
bash>sudo -u postgres psql bbb < myfiles/backup-usb/backup/bbb2_22_december_2014.tar source:${}https://serverfault.com/questions/110154/whats-the-default-superuser-username-password-for-postgres-after-a-new-install from google (postgresql initial username) result 1 ${}https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/static/backup-dump.html#BACKUP-DUMP-RESTORE from google (psql restore backup) result 1
6)check status : /etc/init.d/postgresql status
7)some psql command :
1)create a database postgres=#CREATE DATABASE bbb;
2)connect to a database: postgres=#\c source:http://postgresguide.com/utilities/psql.html from google (psql commands) result 3
3)show all tables : postgres=#\d
4)show table's columns : postgres=#\d source:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/582657/how-do-i-discover-the-structure-of-a-postgresql-database from google (postgresql describe database) result 1
5)show data : select * from
use 'page-up', 'page-down' to scroll data, 'q' to quit seeing data
use 'up-arrow', 'down-arrow' to see previous command
6)a@b ~ $ sudo -u postgres psql
psql (9.5.14)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# \d
No relations found.
postgres=# \l
postgres=# CREATE DATABASE aaa;
CREATE DATABASE
postgres=# \c aaa
You are now connected to database "aaa" as user "postgres".
aaa=# create table test (id integer, name varchar(50));
CREATE TABLE
aaa=# select * from test;
id | name
----+------
(0 rows) source:https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/4317FE8C.7020803@axis.hu from google (ERROR: syntax error at or near "SELECT") result 2 [added 28 oct 2018 7:39 pm edt]
8)run psql: [added 28 oct 2018 9:54 pm edt | 10:6 pm edt add 'bash>']
bash>psql -U postgres -h localhost source:'In my case I needed to add host: localhost in the database.yml file. – Mihail Velikov Mar 16 '16 at 6:50' in https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18664074/getting-error-peer-authentication-failed-for-user-postgres-when-trying-to-ge from google (postgresql peer authentication failed) result 1
29 oct 2018 4:21 pm edt
problem: javascript String.substring(start, end) vs
String.substr(start, end)
solution:
String.substring(start, end)
returns the part of the string between start and end,
or to the end if end is omitted
String.substr()
The substr() method returns the part of a string between
start and end-number of characters after start
source:https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/search?q=substring&topic=apps&topic=html&topic=css&topic=js&topic=api&topic=canvas&topic=svg&topic=webgl&topic=mobile&topic=webdev&topic=http&topic=webext&topic=standards from https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/ search (substring)
10 nov 2018 12 pm est
problem: refresh firefox to refresh javascript
solution: press and hold 'shift' then click 'refresh'
11 nov 2018 10:28 am est
problem: copy text
solution:
1)use mouse to select text:
click a text then hold 'shift' then click other text
or use <- -> cursor to select text:
click a text then hold 'shift' then:
1)press -> or <- cursor or
2)press 'home' or press 'end' [added 14 nov 2018 8:57 am est]
2)hold 'ctrl' then press 'c' to copy that highlighted-text
3)click somewhere else then hold 'ctrl' then press 'v' to paste
that highlighted-text
to select all text:hold 'ctrl' then press 'a'
11 nov 2018 7:19 pm -> 7:22 pm est|7:33 pm est add 'https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html from google (java regex) result 1'
problem: greedy vs reluctant in regex
solution:
Enter your regex: .*foo // greedy quantifier
Enter input string to search: xfooxxxxxxfoo
I found the text "xfooxxxxxxfoo" starting at index 0 and ending at index 13.
Enter your regex: .*?foo // reluctant quantifier
Enter input string to search: xfooxxxxxxfoo
I found the text "xfoo" starting at index 0 and ending at index 4.
I found the text "xxxxxxfoo" starting at index 4 and ending at index 13.
Enter your regex: .*+foo // possessive quantifier
Enter input string to search: xfooxxxxxxfoo
No match found.
source:1)https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/regex/quant.html from google (regex greedy vs reluctant) result 2
2)https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html from google (java regex) result 1
problem:regex matching html-tag [added 8 dec 2018 9:1 am est]
solution:(1)<.*?> source:irc.freenode.net channel #java#
may not work for ''
(2)<(.|\n)*?> should work for all html-tag including ' | ' [26 dec 2018 3:35 pm est]source:'Any character (may or may not match line terminators)' in https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html from google (java regex) result 1
12 nov 2018 8:35 pm est|17 nov 2018 7:14 am est|17 nov 2018 7:16 am est reword '00d6' to 'd6'#reword '00f6' to 'f6'#reword '04d2' to '4d2'#reword '04d3' to '4d3'
problem:how to type umlaut character in linux?
solution:
Ö : hold 'ctrl' and hold 'shift' then press 'u' then release 'ctrl' and 'shift' then type d6
ö : hold 'ctrl' and hold 'shift' then press 'u' then release 'ctrl' and 'shift' then type f6
Ӓ : hold 'ctrl' and hold 'shift' then press 'u' then release 'ctrl' and 'shift' then type 4d2
ӓ : hold 'ctrl' and hold 'shift' then press 'u' then release 'ctrl' and 'shift' then type 4d3
Ɔ : Ɔ (186)
ɔ : ɔ (254)
source:1)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Unicode_characters#12_nov_2018_8_25_pm_est from google ( unicode character )
2)https://www.geany.org/manual/current/#inserting-unicode-characters from google (geany help insert unicode character) result 2 from geany-top-horizontal-menu->help->help
3)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_O from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel#16_nov_2018_9_1_pm_est from 'Vowel' in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Vowels from 'International Phonetic Alphabet' in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA#16_nov_2018_9_pm_est
20 nov 2018 5:32 pm est
problem:how to send email to many email-address?
solution:email-to:,,
28 nov 2018 12:45 pm est
problem:printf format
solution:%i or %d| int
%c | char
%f | float (see also the note below)
%s | string
'use a width (%3d) to say that we want three digits (positions) reserved for the output.
The result is that two “space characters” are placed before printing the character.'
source:https://www.codingunit.com/printf-format-specifiers-format-conversions-and-formatted-output from google(printf tutorial)result 1
28 nov 2018 1:47 pm est
problem:produce assembly code from c code
solution:gcc -S test_asm.c
produce test_asm.s containing assembly-code
source:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/137038/how-do-you-get-assembler-output-from-c-c-source-in-gcc from google (produce asm from c code) result 1
problem:compile assembly code
solution:gcc test_asm.s -o test_asm
source:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3314919/compile-run-assembler-in-linux from google (run assembly code asm) result 3
problem:write hello-world program using assembly code for linux[5 dec 2018 4:59 pm est]
solution:
1)create hello.asm containing:
section .text
global _start ;must be declared for linker (ld)
_start: ;tell linker entry point
mov edx,len ;message length
mov ecx,msg ;message to write
mov ebx,1 ;file descriptor (stdout)
mov eax,4 ;system call number (sys_write)
int 0x80 ;call kernel
mov eax,1 ;system call number (sys_exit)
int 0x80 ;call kernel
section .data
msg db 'Hello, world!',0xa ;our dear string
len equ $ - msg ;length of our dear string
2)sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nasm
nasm -f elf64 hello.asm
3)ld -s -o hello hello.o
source:1)https://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Assembly-HOWTO/hello.html
2)http://asm.sourceforge.net/intro/hello.html
from google(hello world assembly language)result 7,1
3)'nasm -f elf64 hello.asm' in https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4252227/error-when-trying-to-run-asm-file-on-nasm-on-ubuntu from google(ld: i386 architecture of input file `hello.o' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output)result 1
28 nov 2018 5 pm=>5:45 pm est
problem:single precision decimal vs double precision decimal
solution:single means 32 bit,double means 64 bit.double-precision can store larger decimal.
single:S EEEEEEEE FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
0 1 8 9 31 <-- total 32 bit
double:S EEEEEEEEEEE FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
0 1 11 12 63 <--- total 64 bit
1)S means sign-bit to show positive or negative
2)next 8 character/bit are the exponent bits, 'E', and
3)last 23 'F' are fraction,fraction-synonym is mantissa.
source:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/801117/whats-the-difference-between-a-single-precision-and-double-precision-floating-p from google(single precision vs double precision)result 1
how to convert decimal to ieee-754 number?
https://www.wikihow.com/Convert-a-Number-from-Decimal-to-IEEE-754-Floating-Point-Representation from google(convert decimal to ieee 754)result 3
10 dec 2018 8:25 am est
problem:turn-off firefox-notification during visiting website
solution:
To disable Web Push and stop the "Enable notifications?" prompt on every webpages:
1)In the address bar, type about:config and press Enter.
The about:config "This might void your warranty!" warning page may appear.
Click I accept the risk! to continue to the about:config page.
2)Search for the dom.webnotifications.enabled preference.
3)Double-click on the search result to change the value from true to false.
4)Search for the dom.push.enabled preference.
5)Double-click on the search result to change the value from true to false.
source:https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/push-notifications-firefox#w_how-do-i-disable-web-push-completely from google(firefox give webite notification)result 1
10 dec 2018 8:29 am est
problem:check whether certain website has firefox-notification turned-on
solution:
1)Click the 'menu' button then 'Preferences'.
2)Select the 'Privacy & Security' panel and scroll down to the 'Permissions' section.
3)Click the 'Setting' button on right-side of 'Notifications'.source:https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/push-notifications-firefox#w_how-do-i-disable-web-push-completely from google(firefox give webite notification)result 1
13 dec 2018 10:51 pm est:
problem:turn off/shutdown firefox-auto-update:
1)Select the 'Menu' Button button in the upper-right corner then choose 'Options'
2)Select 'General' on the left pane.
3)Scroll down to the 'Firefox Updates' section.
4)Select one of the following options as desired:
1)Automatically install updates
2)Check for updates, but let me choose whether to install them
3)Never check for updates
5)Check or uncheck the “Use a background service to install updates' option as
desired.
source:https://www.technipages.com/enable-disable-automatic-updates-in-firefox from google(turn off firefox auto update)result 5
14 dec 2018 9:11 pm est|9:15 pm est add 'then press '->' arrow to scroll left-side':
problem:horizontal-scroll whole-text-content in linux-terminal,not just current-line
example:horizontal-scroll ascii-art-text-file and keep that ascii-art-text-file look intact.
solution:1)less -S filename.txt
2)then press '->' arrow to scroll left-side
source:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/28086980/less-how-to-scroll-horizontally-by-a-screen-full from google(linux terminal text editor scroll content horizontal)result 3
26 dec 2018 8:3 pm est:
problem:make firefox,chromium,stop sending word being typed on address-bar,to google.com automatically
to get search-keyword-suggestion from google.com
solution:(1)firefox: click menu -> preferences -> left-menu 'search' -> uncheck 'provide search suggestion'
(2)chromium:click setting -> search 'privacy' -> turn-off 'use a prediction service....' [2 jan 2019 8:51 pm est]
28 dec 2018 12:13 pm est:
problem:firefox's history show history for today only.history for previous month disappear
solution:if computer's current datetime is wrong then set computer's current datetime correctly
1 jan 2019 5:21 pm est:
problem:youtube-subtitle-font-color is grey,difficult to read
solution:click youtube-video-bottom-right-menu 'setting' -> click 'english' on subtitle:'english' -> options -> set font-opacity=100%
source:https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/103543/fix-youtube-captions-that-have-abnormally-low-contrast from google(chromium youtube subtitle color grey)result 1
2 jan 2019 8:51 pm est:insert 'chromium' to 'problem:make firefox,chromium,stop sending word being typed on address-bar,to google.com automatically'
4 jan 2019 10:1 pm est:insert 'put blank-space to make like'
13 jan 2019 12:12 pm est:
problem:youtube.com show comment without newline,even though 'enter' key was pressed to make newline during writing that comment.
solution:instead of pressing 'enter',hold 'shift' then press 'enter' to make newline.
18 jan 2019 8:22 am est:#insert# 'Open the Preferences window, then Network->Identify as' in https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-software-2/change-http-headers-in-midori-browser-4175554666/ from google(midori user agent string)result 5
18 jan 2019 9:11 am est:#insert# my user-agent-string:www.facebook.com/arnon.jaya|operating system=linuxmint 18.2 sonya cinnamon|Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux) AppleWebKit/538.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/46.0.2490.86 Safari/538.15 Midori/0.5
31 jan 2019 12:23 pm est:
problem:firefox show pdf then use firefox's save-page-as to save that pdf,make pdf-file being saved,
damaged
solution:use 'download' icon on firefox-pdf-viewer to save that pdf.
1 may 2019 5:40 pm edt:
problem:change linux-bash-prompt in linuxmint,which usually look like 'username@hostname ~$'
solution:PS1 is variable-name for linux-bash-prompt
(1)just for 1 user-account:edit /home//.bashrc
(1.1)modify code which begin with 'PS1=
by adding any variable:[source:https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/howto-linux-unix-bash-shell-setup-prompt.html from google(linux change bash prompt)result 2]
\a : an ASCII bell character (07)
\d : the date in “Weekday Month Date” format (e.g., “Tue May 26”)
\D{format} : the format is passed to strftime(3) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an empty format results in a locale-specific time representation. The braces are required
\e : an ASCII escape character (033)
\h : the hostname up to the first ‘.’
\H : the hostname
\j : the number of jobs currently managed by the shell
\l : the basename of the shell’s terminal device name
\n : newline
\r : carriage return
\s : the name of the shell, the basename of $0 (the portion following the final slash)
\t : the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format
\T : the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format
\@ : the current time in 12-hour am/pm format
\A : the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format
\u : the username of the current user
\v : the version of bash (e.g., 2.00)
\V : the release of bash, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0)
\w : the current working directory, with $HOME abbreviated with a tilde
\W : the basename of the current working directory, with $HOME abbreviated with a tilde
\! : the history number of this command
\# : the command number of this command
\$ : if the effective UID is 0, a #, otherwise a $
\nnn : the character corresponding to the octal number nnn
\\ : a backslash
\[ : begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt
\] : end a sequence of non-printing characters
(1.2)execute command 'source ~/.bashrc' to make sure there is no syntax-error
(2)for all user-account:
(2.1)edit /etc/bash.bashrc
modify code which begin with 'PS1=
by adding any variable like in list above:
(2.2)edit /etc/skel/.bashrc[source:'If you want each new user to have this file automatically, just change the output of the command to /etc/skel/.bash_profile' in http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/svn/postlfs/profile.html from google(how local .bashrc created)result 6]
because /etc/skel/.bashrc will become ~/.bashrc for newly-created-user-account.
comment following-code in /etc/skel/.bashrc to look like this:
#if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
# if [[ ${EUID} == 0 ]] ; then
# PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;31m\]\h\[\033[01;34m\$
# else
# PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\$
# fi
#else
# PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h \w \$ '
#fi
(2.3)execute command 'source /etc/bash.bashrc','source /etc/skel/.bashrc'
to make sure there is no syntax-error
(3)tips:execute command 'echo $PS1' to show current-value for variable PS1
PS1 is variable-name for linux-bash-prompt
1 may 2019 6:12 pm edt:
problem:create new linux-user-account
solution:(1)sudo useradd -m
-m means create home-directory in /home/
if -m is not written then
won't have home-directory,can not login to linux-gui,maybe can login only to linux-console.
source:execute command 'man useradd'
(2)sudo passwd
to set password for that
source:execute command 'man passwd'
15 may 2019 5:24 pm edt:
problem:google-chrome:export bookmark
solution:click bookmark-manager->organise->export bookmark to html.source:google(export chrome bookmark)
29 may 2019 7:59 pm edt:
problem:firefox use 100% cpu during startup opening blank-page
solution:
(1)set add-on to 'never activate' 1 by 1 and start firefox to see which add-on give 100% stress to cpu
in my case:add-on 'openh264 video codec provided by cisco systems inc' give 100% stress to cpu
[addition 18 sep 2019 10:8 am edt]
(2)making newest-firefox-version use old-firefox-version-browing-history, maybe give 100% stress to cpu
[/addition 18 sep 2019 10:8 am edt]
addition 1 jun 2019 3:49 pm edt-------------------
(3)maybe that firefox is a firefox which has been updated to newer version(an updated-firefox).
try download newest firefox-version then run that newest firefox-version separately.
so that newest firefox-version won't have bookmark,browing-history from
updated-firefox.
[obsolete]addition 30 may 2019 12:49 pm edt:
(2)ps aux | grep firefox
(3)kill -9
(4)start firefox
3->5 times then firefox does not give 100% stress to cpu anymore.
[/obsolete]
4 jun 2019 3:25 pm edt:
problem:where to download firefox-source-code ?
solution:
firefox-67:https://archive.mozilla.org/pub/firefox/releases/67.0/source/
firefox-53:https://archive.mozilla.org/pub/firefox/releases/53.0.3/source/
source:'The source code for a release can be found on the Archive server in the "source" subdirectory of the release you want to acquire. The directory structure on the server is as follows:https://archive.mozilla.org/pub/PROJECT/releases/RELEASE/source/ where the names in italics mean the following:PROJECT - The project name, such as firefox or thunderbird.RELEASE - The release, such as 53.0.3.For example, the source code for Firefox release 53.0.3 can be found at the following URL:https://archive.mozilla.org/pub/firefox/releases/53.0.3/source/'
in https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Developer_guide/Source_Code/Downloading_Source_Archives
from google(firefox source code)
14 jun 2019 3:42 pm edt
problem:linuxmint boot to initramfs prompt (initramfs)
solution:
solution-1:
(1)fsck /dev/mapper/mint--vg-root -y
(2)exec /sbin/init <--- reboot
if that fail then try
solution-2:
(1)something like fsck /dev/mapper/mint--vg-root -y
but replace '/dev/mapper/mint--vg-root' with
similar info which was shown after executing 'exit' in step (1)
(2)exec /sbin/init <--- reboot
if that fail then try
solution-3:
(1)fsck -y /dev/sda1
(2)exec /sbin/init <--- reboot
source:https://prognotes.net/2018/04/linux-mint-initramfs-prompt-at-boot/ from google(linuxmint boot initramfs)result 1
if receive message 'fsck from util-linux 2.27.1' without further detail then try
solution-4:
(1)fsck.ext4 -Fy /dev/sda1
(2)exec /sbin/init <--- reboot
source:https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/479859/ubuntu-recovery-says-fsck-from-util-linux-and-exits from google(fsck from util-linux 2.27.1 no more info)
18 jun 2019 5:57 pm edt:
problem:make linuxmint show boot-menu always
solution:(1)sudo nano /etc/default/grub
(2)put comment to this line to become: #GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=
(3)make sure this line exist: GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
(4)save /etc/default/grub
(5)sudo update-grub.source:https://askubuntu.com/questions/16042/how-to-get-to-the-grub-menu-at-boot-time/707308 from google(make grub2 always show menu)result 1
problem:add boot-parameter to grub
solution:(1)do solution for 'problem:make linuxmint show boot-menu always'
(2)wait for that boot-menu to show up then press 'e' to add boot-parameter to a text-line which start with 'linux ...'
add blank-space then add boot-parameter as last word on that text-line.
source:https://askubuntu.com/questions/19486/how-do-i-add-a-kernel-boot-parameter from google(add to kernel command line grub)
18 jun 2019 6:18 pm edt:
problem:reset root password/root-password without having user-account, recover root password/root-password, boot to single-user-mode to reset root-password(lose root-password,root password), gain physical-access to any linux-computer(not remote-access)
solution:
(1)do solution for 'problem:make linuxmint show boot-menu always'
(2)do solution for 'problem:add boot-parameter to grub'
to add boot-parameter init=/bin/sh
(3)ctrl x <---- to boot
(4)mount / -o remount,rw <----- mount harddisk directory /
(5)passwd root <---- set new password for root/set new root-password
(6)exec /sbin/init <---- reboot
source:https://linuxconfig.org/recover-a-forgotten-root-password-on-redhat-7-linux-selinux-system from 'https://linuxconfig.org/recover-a-fo...selinux-system' in https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-software-2/systemd-reboot-from-single-user-mode-4175592513/ from google(init=/bin/sh failed to connect to bus no such file or directory)result 3
problem:reset root password/root-password with having user-account
solution:sudo passwd root
18 jun 2019 6:42 pm edt:
problem:make linuxmint show progress during boot, instead of showing logo
solution:(1)sudo nano /etc/default/grub
(2)make look like this:
#GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""
(3)save /etc/default/grub
(4)sudo update-grub
source:https://askubuntu.com/questions/25022/how-to-enable-boot-messages-to-be-printed-on-screen-during-boot-up from google(make linuxmint show boot progress)
18 jun 2019 6:50 pm edt:#reword# gain access to any linux-computer #to# gain physical-access to any linux-computer(not remote-access)
18 jun 2019 8:31 pm edt:
problem:how to merge/unite many pdf-file to 1 pdf-file in linux ?
solution:pdfunite file1.pdf file2.pdf file3.pdf outputfile.pdf
if pdfunite is not recognised then
(1)sudo apt-get install poppler
(2)sudo apt-get install poppler-utils
(3)pdfunite file1.pdf file2.pdf file3.pdf outputfile.pdf
source:https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-merge-pdf-files-in-command-line-on-linux/ from google(linux concat pdf)result 2
18 jun 2019 8:34 pm edt:#insert# from google(linux concat pdf)result 2
19 jun 2019 10:32 am edt:#reword# reboot #to# exec /sbin/init <--- reboot
19 jun 2019 10:33 am edt:(1)#delete# (1)exit #under# solution-2: #under# problem:linuxmint boot to initramfs prompt (initramfs)
(2)#add# solution-4: #under# problem:linuxmint boot to initramfs prompt (initramfs)
19 jun 2019 1:27 pm edt:
problem:how to extract pdf-page from many-pdf-page
solution:pdfseparate -f -l many.pdf output.pdf
if pdfseparate is not recognised then
(1)sudo apt-get install poppler
(2)sudo apt-get install poppler-utils
source:(1/2)https://askubuntu.com/questions/221962/how-can-i-extract-a-page-range-a-part-of-a-pdf from google(linux remove pdf page)result 1
(2/2)'poppler' in 'man pdfseparate'
19 jun 2019 1:35 pm edt:#reword# if that fail then try #to# if receive message 'fsck from util-linux 2.27.1' without further detail then try
19 jun 2019 7:23 pm edt:
problem:run firefox-44 profile manager to make new profile
solution:firefox --new-instance --ProfileManager[source:https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Firefox/Multiple_profiles from google(firefox 44 create profile)result 1]
19 jun 2019 7:30 pm edt:(1)#insert# /useragent #to# set user-agent/useragent string in firefox
(2)#insert# if 'general.useragent.override' does not exist then make string-variable 'general.useragent.override' then put value for 'general.useragent.override' variable
20 jun 2019 2:15 pm edt:
problem:linuxmint:enlarge font during boot
solution:
recommended:dpkg-reconfigure console-setup <-- this method won't enlarge font during very-early-boot-phase
not recommended:this method won't enlarge font during early-boot-phase:edit /etc/default/console-setup
available-font-size-option:'Valid font faces are' in https://www.systutorials.com/docs/linux/man/5-console-setup/ from google(8x16 font size)result 2
source:https://www.linux.com/learn/intro-to-linux/2018/1/how-change-your-linux-console-fonts from google(linux enlarge text on console)result 1
20 jun 2019 2:21 pm edt:#insert# <-- this method won't enlarge font during very-early-boot-phase
20 jun 2019 2:29 pm edt:
problem:linuxmint:enlarge font for grub-2-menu
solution:(1)sudo grub-mkfont --output=/boot/grub/fonts/dvsm30.pf2 \ --size=30 /usr/share/fonts/TTF/dejavu/DejaVuSansMono.ttf
#or#
sudo grub-mkfont --output=/boot/grub/fonts/dvsm30.pf2 --size=30 /usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSansMono.ttf
#or# .... #depending on file-location for DejaVuSansMono.ttf#
# \ means next-line, that command is long so need 2 line then \ means next-line:. there will be error-message, ignore those error-message #
(2)sudo nano /etc/default/grub
#then write# GRUB_FONT=/boot/grub/fonts/dvsm30.pf2 #then save and exit nano#
(3)sudo update-grub
(4)sudo reboot
source:(1)https://wiki.manjaro.org/index.php?title=Make_GRUB_menu_%26_boot-up/down_fonts_bigger from google(linuxmint enlarge boot font)
(2)http://blog.wxm.be/2014/08/29/increase-font-in-grub-for-high-dpi.html from google(enlarge grub font)result 1
20 jun 2019 2:41 pm edt:#add# source:(1)https://wiki.manjaro.org/index.php?title=Make_GRUB_menu_%26_boot-up/down_fonts_bigger from google(linuxmint enlarge boot font)
(2)http://blog.wxm.be/2014/08/29/increase-font-in-grub-for-high-dpi.html from google(enlarge grub font)result 1
20 jun 2019 3:26 pm edt:#add# available-font-size-option:'Valid font faces are' in https://www.systutorials.com/docs/linux/man/5-console-setup/ from google(8x16 font size)result 2
24 jun 2019 4:41 pm edt:
problem:convert many jpg-picture-file to 1 pdf-file
solution:(1)sudo apt-get install imagemagick
(2)convert image1.jpg image2.png image3.bmp output.pdf
[source:https://itsfoss.com/convert-multiple-images-pdf-ubuntu-1304/ from google(linux convert jpg to pdf)]
gimp can export jpg to pdf, print jpg to pdf but resulting pdf-size is bloated, 2-times-bigger than jpg-size[source:https://www.techwalla.com/articles/how-to-convert-jpg-to-pdf-in-gimp from google(gimp convert jpg image to pdf size) ]
12 aug 2019 7:33 pm edt:#reword# game-folder$./dosbox
#to# assume game-folder is inside game-folder-parent
(step-1)game-folder-parent$./dosbox
(step-2)dosbox>mount c game-folder
(step-3)doxbox>c:
(step-4)c:>game.exe
13 aug 2019 7:19 pm edt:
problem: offline-map for linux
solution:offfline-software:gosm, kde-marble, tangogps, gnome-map
offline-map-data:openstreetmap
disadvantage:(1)small-font, (2)maybe there is no street-view
source:
((1))https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Using_OpenStreetMap_offline from google(linux offline map)result 1
from
((1))'Apr 14, 2018 · Avoid Google Maps with GNOME Maps on GNU/Linux ... GNOME Maps is extremely simple to install, with most major distributions carrying the ...','GNU/Linux users have the handy GNOME Maps application at their disposal'
in https://www.ghacks.net/2018/04/14/avoid-google-maps-with-gnome-maps-on-gnu-linux/ from google(linux download googlemap)result 1 from google(linux download googlemap)result 1
((2))'Apr 15, 2016 · Sure, you can find all of these features (and more) in, say, Google Maps. However, you won't find a desktop version of Google Maps for Linux.'
in https://www.linux.com/learn/introduction-gnome-maps ifrom google(linux download googlemap)result 2
13 aug 2019 7:23 pm edt:(1)#insert# gnome-map
(2)#insert# 'GNU/Linux users have the handy GNOME Maps application at their disposal'
(3)#insert# https://www.ghacks.net/2018/04/14/avoid-google-maps-with-gnome-maps-on-gnu-linux/ from google(linux download googlemap)result 1
(3)#insert# https://www.linux.com/learn/introduction-gnome-maps
(4)#insert# disadvantage:maybe there is no street-view
13 aug 2019 7:38 pm edt:#insert# small-font
18 sep 2019 10:9 am edt:#add# (2)making newest-firefox-version use old-firefox-version-browing-history, maybe give 100% stress to cpu
17 oct 2019 3:51 pm edt:
problem:how to make windows-computer connect to remote-linux-computer ?
solution:(1)linux-computer run sshd/open-ssh-server
(2)windows-computer run ssh/open-ssh-client/putty:https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/ from google(putty)result 1 from my friend nicky-sagitta-hiedajat
to connect to sshd/open-ssh-server on remote-linux-computer
19 oct 2019 4:59 pm edt:
problem:disabled-service in systemctl, will still be enabled if needed, how to make that disabled-service stay disabled even if needed ?
solution:sudo systemctl mask service-name
to undo:sudo systemctl unmask service-name
more command:find 'systemctl'
source:https://blog.fpmurphy.com/2014/03/disabling-systemd-service-unit.html
from 'so I mask it' in https://www.linux.com/tutorials/cleaning-your-linux-startup-process/ from google(pppd-dns.service)result 1 from 'pppd-dns.service' in my 'sytemctl list-unit-files'
static = can not enable because missing init-script [source:'service is missing the [Install] section in its init script, so you cannot enable or disable it.' in https://www.linux.com/tutorials/understanding-and-using-systemd/ from google(systemctl static)result 1]
to make a file containing service-list: sudo systemctl list-unit-files > /home/a/myfiles/service_list_19_oct_2019_5_21_pm_edt.txt
my current-service-list:
UNIT FILE STATE
proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount static
dev-hugepages.mount static
dev-mqueue.mount static
proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount static
sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount static
sys-kernel-config.mount static
sys-kernel-debug.mount static
acpid.path enabled
cups.path disabled
systemd-ask-password-console.path static
systemd-ask-password-plymouth.path static
systemd-ask-password-wall.path static
systemd-networkd-resolvconf-update.path static
accounts-daemon.service enabled
accounts.daemon.service masked
acpid.service disabled
alsa-restore.service static
alsa-state.service static
alsa-utils.service masked
anacron-resume.service enabled
anacron.service enabled
apt-daily.service static
autovt@.service enabled
avahi-daemon.service disabled
binfmt-support.service enabled
bluetooth.service disabled
bootlogd.service masked
bootlogs.service masked
bootmisc.service masked
brltty-udev.service static
brltty.service disabled
casper.service disabled
cgmanager.service enabled
cgproxy.service enabled
checkfs.service masked
checkroot-bootclean.service masked
checkroot.service masked
colord.service static
console-getty.service disabled
console-kit-daemon.service disabled
console-kit-log-system-restart.service static
console-kit-log-system-start.service static
console-kit-log-system-stop.service static
console-setup.service static
console-shell.service disabled
container-getty@.service static
cron.service enabled
cryptdisks-early.service masked
cryptdisks.service masked
cups-browsed.service disabled
cups.service disabled
dbus-org.freedesktop.hostname1.service static
dbus-org.freedesktop.locale1.service static
dbus-org.freedesktop.login1.service static
dbus-org.freedesktop.network1.service disabled
dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service enabled
dbus-org.freedesktop.resolve1.service disabled
dbus-org.freedesktop.thermald.service enabled
dbus-org.freedesktop.timedate1.service static
dbus.service static
debug-shell.service disabled
display-manager.service enabled
dm-event.service disabled
dns-clean.service enabled
emergency.service static
friendly-recovery.service enabled
fuse.service masked
fwupd-offline-update.service static
fwupd.service static
fwupdate-cleanup.service static
geoclue.service static
getty-static.service static
getty@.service enabled
gpu-manager.service enabled
halt.service masked
hddtemp.service enabled
hostname.service masked
hwclock.service masked
ifup@.service static
iio-sensor-proxy.service static
initrd-cleanup.service static
initrd-parse-etc.service static
initrd-switch-root.service static
initrd-udevadm-cleanup-db.service static
kerneloops.service disabled
keyboard-setup.service disabled
killprocs.service masked
kmod-static-nodes.service static
kmod.service static
lightdm.service enabled
lm-sensors.service enabled
lvm2-lvmetad.service disabled
lvm2-lvmpolld.service disabled
lvm2-monitor.service enabled
lvm2-pvscan@.service static
lvm2.service masked
mintsystem.service enabled
ModemManager.service disabled
module-init-tools.service static
motd.service masked
mountall-bootclean.service masked
mountall.service masked
mountdevsubfs.service masked
mountkernfs.service masked
mountnfs-bootclean.service masked
mountnfs.service masked
network-manager.service enabled
networking.service enabled
NetworkManager-dispatcher.service enabled
NetworkManager-wait-online.service enabled
NetworkManager.service enabled
ntp.service disabled
openvpn.service disabled
openvpn@.service disabled
plymouth-halt.service static
plymouth-kexec.service static
plymouth-log.service static
plymouth-poweroff.service static
plymouth-quit-wait.service static
plymouth-quit.service static
plymouth-read-write.service static
plymouth-reboot.service static
plymouth-start.service static
plymouth-switch-root.service static
plymouth.service static
polkitd.service static
postgresql.service disabled
postgresql@.service disabled
pppd-dns.service disabled
procps.service static
quotaon.service static
rc-local.service static
rc.local.service static
rc.service masked
rcS.service masked
reboot.service masked
rescue.service static
resolvconf.service enabled ['resolv.conf(5) file is managed dynamically by various network service daemons. This is the default, and is intended for laptops and other highly mobile systems which may connect to different networks. It also works well for many desktop and server systems, so long as the network infrastructure is perfect.' in https://wiki.debian.org/resolv.conf from google(resolv.conf service) ]
rmnologin.service masked
rsync.service disabled
rsyslog.service enabled
rtkit-daemon.service disabled
saned.service masked
saned@.service indirect
sendsigs.service masked
serial-getty@.service disabled
setvtrgb.service static
sigpwr-container-shutdown.service static
single.service masked
ssh.service disabled
ssh@.service static
stop-bootlogd-single.service masked
stop-bootlogd.service masked
syslog.service enabled
systemd-ask-password-console.service static
systemd-ask-password-plymouth.service static
systemd-ask-password-wall.service static
systemd-backlight@.service static
systemd-binfmt.service static
systemd-bootchart.service disabled
systemd-bus-proxyd.service static
systemd-exit.service static
systemd-fsck-root.service static
systemd-fsck@.service static
systemd-fsckd.service static
systemd-halt.service static
systemd-hibernate-resume@.service static
systemd-hibernate.service static
systemd-hostnamed.service static
systemd-hwdb-update.service static
systemd-hybrid-sleep.service static
systemd-initctl.service static
systemd-journal-flush.service static
systemd-journald.service static
systemd-kexec.service static
systemd-localed.service static
systemd-logind.service static
systemd-machine-id-commit.service static
systemd-modules-load.service static
systemd-networkd-resolvconf-update.service static
systemd-networkd-wait-online.service disabled
systemd-networkd.service disabled
systemd-poweroff.service static
systemd-quotacheck.service static
systemd-random-seed.service static
systemd-reboot.service static
systemd-remount-fs.service static
systemd-resolved.service disabled
systemd-rfkill.service static
systemd-suspend.service static
systemd-sysctl.service static
systemd-timedated.service static
systemd-timesyncd.service disabled
systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service static
systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service static
systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service static
systemd-udev-settle.service static
systemd-udev-trigger.service static
systemd-udevd.service static
systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service static
systemd-update-utmp.service static
systemd-user-sessions.service static
thermald.service enabled
udev-configure-printer@.service static
udev.service static
udisks2.service disabled
ufw.service disabled
umountfs.service masked
umountnfs.service masked
umountroot.service masked
upower.service disabled
urandom.service static
ureadahead-stop.service static
ureadahead.service enabled
usb_modeswitch@.service static
usbmuxd.service static
user@.service static
uuidd.service indirect
wacom-inputattach@.service static
wpa_supplicant.service disabled
x11-common.service masked
-.slice static
machine.slice static
system.slice static
user.slice static
acpid.socket enabled
avahi-daemon.socket disabled
cups.socket disabled
dbus.socket static
dm-event.socket enabled
lvm2-lvmetad.socket enabled
lvm2-lvmpolld.socket enabled
saned.socket disabled
ssh.socket disabled
syslog.socket static
systemd-bus-proxyd.socket static
systemd-fsckd.socket static
systemd-initctl.socket static
systemd-journald-audit.socket static
systemd-journald-dev-log.socket static
systemd-journald.socket static
systemd-networkd.socket disabled
systemd-rfkill.socket static
systemd-udevd-control.socket static
systemd-udevd-kernel.socket static
uuidd.socket enabled
basic.target static
bluetooth.target static
busnames.target static
cryptsetup-pre.target static
cryptsetup.target static
ctrl-alt-del.target disabled
default.target static
emergency.target static
exit.target disabled
final.target static
getty.target static
graphical.target static
halt.target disabled
hibernate.target static
hybrid-sleep.target static
initrd-fs.target static
initrd-root-fs.target static
initrd-switch-root.target static
initrd.target static
kexec.target disabled
local-fs-pre.target static
local-fs.target static
mail-transport-agent.target static
multi-user.target static
network-online.target static
network-pre.target static
network.target static
nss-lookup.target static
nss-user-lookup.target static
paths.target static
poweroff.target disabled
printer.target static
reboot.target disabled
remote-fs-pre.target static
remote-fs.target enabled
rescue.target disabled
rpcbind.target static
runlevel0.target disabled
runlevel1.target disabled
runlevel2.target static
runlevel3.target static
runlevel4.target static
runlevel5.target static
runlevel6.target disabled
shutdown.target static
sigpwr.target static
sleep.target static
slices.target static
smartcard.target static
sockets.target static
sound.target static
suspend.target static
swap.target static
sysinit.target static
system-update.target static
time-sync.target static
timers.target static
umount.target static
apt-daily.timer enabled
systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer static
ureadahead-stop.timer static
307 unit files listed.
19 oct 2019 5:21 pm edt:#add# to make a file containing service-list: sudo systemctl list-unit-files > /home/a/myfiles/service_list_19_oct_2019_5_21_pm_edt.txt
25 oct 2019 6:4 pm edt:
problem:linuxmint-service needed for reboot
solution:
tips:(1)maybe require doing : find 'problem:make linuxmint show progress during boot, instead of showing logo'
(2)how to enable lightdm : sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm
not 'sudo systemctl enable lightdm', not 'sudo systemctl restart lightdm' [source:(1/2)'sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm' in https://forum.odroid.com/viewtopic.php?t=34109 from google (systemctl enable lightdm fail) result 3 (2/2)'systemctl restart lightdm.service' in https://askubuntu.com/questions/721870/cant-start-lightdm-without-systemctl#3_jul_2020_12_20_pm_edt maybe from google (systemctl can not start lightdm)]
. systemd automatically-enable disabled-service if needed but systemd won't automatically-enable lightdm if needed
then linux-boot show boot-text showing service-list then show black-screen with blinking-cursor.
lightdm must be manually-enabled using that different-command 'sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm' then
problem about linux-boot show boot-text showing service-list then show black-screen with blinking-cursor, disappear.
during boot if systemd fail to start lightdm.service then systemd fail to start display-manager.service as well
simplified-output from 'sudo systemctl list-unit-files > /home/a/myfiles/service_list/e_25_oct_2019_5_59_pm_edt.txt'
19 enabled-service:
acpid.path enabled
anacron-resume.service enabled
anacron.service enabled
autovt@.service enabled
cron.service enabled
dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service enabled
display-manager.service enabled
getty@.service enabled
lightdm.service enabled
mintsystem.service enabled
network-manager.service enabled
networking.service enabled
NetworkManager-dispatcher.service enabled
NetworkManager.service enabled -> both network-manager and NetworkManager is needed to go online, if they dead then my-computer offline then i must run '/etc/network-manager start' to go online.
resolvconf.service enabled -> resolv.conf needed to run 'sudo /etc/init.d/resolvconf start' during boot. resolvconf convert host-name like www.google.com to google-ip-address during prior visiting www.google.com. 'DHCP client may request an address from this pool, and then use it on a temporary basis for communication on network' in https://manpages.debian.org/buster/isc-dhcp-client/dhclient.8.en.html from 'most common daemon which overwrites resolv.conf is dhclient(8) (from isc-dhcp-client).' in https://wiki.debian.org/resolv.conf https://wiki.debian.org/resolv.conf from google(resolv.conf service)
rsyslog.service enabled
syslog.service enabled
ureadahead.service enabled
acpid.socket enabled
25 oct 2019 6:29 pm edt:#reword# sudo systemctl list-unit-files > /home/a/myfiles/e_25_oct_2019_5_59_pm_edt.txt
#to# sudo systemctl list-unit-files > /home/a/myfiles/service_list/e_25_oct_2019_5_59_pm_edt.txt
8 jan 2020 11:49 am est:
problem:make linuxmint 18.2 cinnamon-desktop-wallpaper show nothing, no wallpaper-picture, show solid-color.
solution:right-click on desktop-wallpaper -> change desktop background -> setting -> picture aspect : no picture
18 mar 2020 1:38 pm edt:
problem:what button start mame-game ? (mame-0.160)
solution:press 'tab' -> input(general) -> user-interface -> press f2 (button for ui-(first)-tape-start)
example mame-game : (1)pacman : https://drive.google.com/file/d/16xUY-LMVIbZl5HA6UStiXhTEzM62_w_V/view
(2)ridge-racer : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sCdH8kXVwJggbIPvkovMaX_khFWYn9Se/view
(3)samurai-shodown 2 : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZBwApByXjO0VZ7-WiGlDxC8thVk4ZAbG/view#24_may_2020_6_51_pm_edt [source:https://wowroms.com/en/roms/mame/download-samurai-shodown-ii-shin-samurai-spirits-haohma/100351.html from google (mame 0.160 samsho2) result 3]
(4)king-of-fighter-2000/kof-2k https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mUYGNoXuE20jSMkK7Jx6U1mHoNtz9PJP/edit#24_may_2020_7_1_pm_edt [source:https://wowroms.com/en/roms/mame/download-the-king-of-fighters-2000/87346.html from https://wowroms.com/en/roms/list/MAME?search=kof from find 'https://wowroms.com/en/roms/mame/download-samurai-shodown-ii-shin-samurai-spirits-haohma/100351.html']
(5)ddonpach/dodonpachi-1 https://drive.google.com/open?id=15jzidRh9dVZDVFjfAY65jiUqyZNWWbox [source:https://wowroms.com/en/roms/mame/dodonpachi/80377.html from find 'samurai-shodown 2']
(6)ddpdfk/dodonpachi-daifukatsu https://drive.google.com/open?id=16W6shtftePoJMYbkfjht4o6s68s6HWEl [source:https://wowroms.com/en/roms/mame/download-dodonpachi-dai-fukkatsu/80398.html from find 'samurai-shodown 2']
(7)ddragon3b/double-dragon-3 https://drive.google.com/open?id=1P03vY6Jf30Hb5pkPmelM2QldWFNZqwkw [source:https://wowroms.com/en/roms/mame/double-dragon-3-the-rosetta-stone-clone/80431.html from find 'samurai-shodown 2']
(8)mp_shnb3/shinobi-3 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cC0FfBzlZPPLNleziveWnzdfhJ_Fdnnu/view?usp=sharing [source:https://wowroms.com/en/roms/mame/shinobi-iii-mega-play/96395.html from find 'samurai-shodown 2']
(9)superman https://drive.google.com/file/d/1S9xhwuEFMCk5PxtG4_b76iMB_WWDZMau/view?usp=sharing [source:https://wowroms.com/en/roms/mame/superman/108279.html from find 'samurai-shodown 2']
18 mar 2020 12:51 pm edt:
problem:show mame-config to show location for mame-game-rom-file:
solution:mame -showconfig
18 mar 2020 1:17 pm edt:
problem:show available mame-command
solution:mame -help
21 apr 2020 12:7 pm edt:#add# addition 21 apr 2020 12:3 pm edt
21 apr 2020 3:29 pm edt:#add# addition 21 apr 2020 3:27 pm edt
29 apr 2020 10:37 pm edt:
problem:embed photo to 1 html-file [source:(1/2)https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-embed-images-into-HTML from google (embedding picture to html file) from google-news-html-code (2/2)http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/base64-invocation.html#base64-invocation from bottom-text in 'linux>base64 --help']
solution:
(1)linux>base64 /home/a/Pictures/hanging_cable_zoom.jpg > electricity_pole.txt
(2)(optional, this make html-file small) convert electricity_pole.txt-text-content from multiple-line-text to 1 line-text
(2.1)make new-file read_file.c. read_file.c contain this text:
// [source:https://www.zentut.com/c-tutorial/c-read-text-file/ from google (c read file)]
#include
int main (int argc, char ** argv)
{
char *filename = NULL;
FILE *fp;
if (argc == 2)
filename = argv [ 1 ];
fp = fopen(filename, "r");
if (fp == NULL){
printf("Could not open file %s\n",filename);
return 1;
}
int c = 0;
c = fgetc ( fp );
while ( c != EOF )
{
if ( (char) c != '\n' )
printf ("%c", c);
c = fgetc ( fp );
}
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}
(2.2)linux>gcc -o read_file read_file.c
(2.3)./read_file ~/myfiles/letters/electricity_pole.txt > ~/myfiles/letters/electricity_pole_1_line.txt
(3)write to html-file :
24 may 2020 6:52 pm edt:(1/2)#reword# problem:what button start mame-game ? #to# problem:what button start mame-game ? (mame-0.160)
(2/2)#add# (3)samurai-shodown 2 : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZBwApByXjO0VZ7-WiGlDxC8thVk4ZAbG/view#24_may_2020_6_51_pm_edt [source:https://wowroms.com/en/roms/mame/download-samurai-shodown-ii-shin-samurai-spirits-haohma/100351.html from google (mame 0.160 samsho2) result 3]
24 may 2020 7:2 pm edt:(1/6)#add# (4)king-of-fighter-2000/kof-2k https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mUYGNoXuE20jSMkK7Jx6U1mHoNtz9PJP/edit#24_may_2020_7_1_pm_edt [source:https://wowroms.com/en/roms/mame/download-the-king-of-fighters-2000/87346.html from https://wowroms.com/en/roms/list/MAME?search=kof from find 'https://wowroms.com/en/roms/mame/download-samurai-shodown-ii-shin-samurai-spirits-haohma/100351.html']
(2/6)#add# (5)ddonpach/dodonpachi-1 https://drive.google.com/open?id=15jzidRh9dVZDVFjfAY65jiUqyZNWWbox [source:https://wowroms.com/en/roms/mame/dodonpachi/80377.html from find 'samurai-shodown 2']
(3/6)#add# (6)ddpdfk/dodonpachi-daifukatsu https://drive.google.com/open?id=16W6shtftePoJMYbkfjht4o6s68s6HWEl [source:https://wowroms.com/en/roms/mame/download-dodonpachi-dai-fukkatsu/80398.html from find 'samurai-shodown 2']
(4/6)#add# (7)ddragon3b/double-dragon-3 https://drive.google.com/open?id=1P03vY6Jf30Hb5pkPmelM2QldWFNZqwkw [source:https://wowroms.com/en/roms/mame/double-dragon-3-the-rosetta-stone-clone/80431.html from find 'samurai-shodown 2']
(5/6)#add# (8)mp_shnb3/shinobi-3 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cC0FfBzlZPPLNleziveWnzdfhJ_Fdnnu/view?usp=sharing [source:https://wowroms.com/en/roms/mame/shinobi-iii-mega-play/96395.html from find 'samurai-shodown 2']
(6/6)#add# (9)superman https://drive.google.com/file/d/1S9xhwuEFMCk5PxtG4_b76iMB_WWDZMau/view?usp=sharing [source:https://wowroms.com/en/roms/mame/superman/108279.html from find 'samurai-shodown 2']
26 may 2020 11:10 pm edt:
problem:kega-fusion (carpeludum.com/kega-fusion/ from google (kega fusion)) in linuxmint produce many error, icon-highlighted
disappear, can not load sega-rom
solution:(1)change theme, avoid any theme with prefix 'mint-x...'.
this linuxmint-theme-selection make kega-fusion-icon-highlight stay-visible :
window-borders 'simple'
icons 'mint-y'
controls 'mint-y'
(2)choose file->(load genesis / 32x rom), not file->(load mastersystem rom), to load sega-rom
some sega-rom : (1)shinobi-3 (unzip to get .md file. sega-rom-file is .md file) : https://drive.google.com/open?id=1zVslq9uOglzQqAOcolTitpB-otupYIPX [source:https://wowroms.com/en/roms/sega-genesis-megadrive/download-shinobi-iii-return-of-the-ninja-master-usa/26381.html from find 'samurai-shodown 2']
kega-fusion->save-state-procedure is easier than mame->save-sate-procedure
kega-fusion->save-state : 'esc'->file->save-state
(2)streets-of-rage-3/sor-3:
sor-3-usa https://drive.google.com/file/d/13aRntyXuNe50kR-ET9xmxS554ElTneqq/view?usp=sharing [source:https://wowroms.com/en/roms/sega-genesis-megadrive/download-streets-of-rage-3-usa/26503.html#2_jun_2020_8_31_pm_edt from find 'samurai-shodown 2']
sor-3-jp/bk-3 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1CNWWv1raKd6tEPIt-92y-k5-DS28WU8r/view?usp=sharing [source:https://download.wowroms.com/d/roms/g/LstcNfFXQ1OBOwCBZwH6/k1/e6c97049f3a35da/k2/33226b554c2f429 from find 'samurai-shodown 2']
sor-3-eu? https://drive.google.com/file/d/1RtJ7BBRUlwwuTFegMym9SamV3Zp7onVr/view?usp=sharing [source:https://wowroms.com/en/roms/sega-genesis-megadrive/download-streets-of-rage-3-europe/26502.html#2_jun_2020_8_10_pm_edt from find 'samurai-shodown 2']
sor-3-asia? https://drive.google.com/file/d/11JxkofzzmtK1cx8Qgq7DNY80Sitwpbgy/view?usp=sharing [source:https://wowroms.com/en/roms/sega-genesis-megadrive/download-streets-of-rage-3-asia/26501.html#2_jun_2020_8_10_pm_edt from find 'samurai-shodown 2']
(3)arrow-flash-jp-eu https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FQVN5qtV5jXyWi1uDAB0GAQnWSoLqwhT/view?usp=sharing [source:https://download.wowroms.com/d/roms/g/1NZ9RYpcZ8rWiOhOMi3A/k1/72dba9b09af0931/k2/dec29b50c869d3a from find 'samurai-shodown 2']
arrow-flash-usa-eu https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zlXIcyyKnlrXnHlNDJ0zWZh6NDxJQlNa/view?usp=sharing [source:https://download.wowroms.com/d/roms/g/17HaPkHg1A5BxbPSvflp/k1/3d95b91a2e14db9/k2/bf246dce1ddc13c from find 'samurai-shodown 2']
26 may 2020 11:26 pm edt:
(1/2)#add# (carpeludum.com/kega-fusion/ from google (kega fusion))
(2/2)#add# some sega-rom : (1)shinobi-3 (unzip to get .md file. sega-rom-file is .md file) : https://drive.google.com/open?id=1zVslq9uOglzQqAOcolTitpB-otupYIPX [source:https://wowroms.com/en/roms/sega-genesis-megadrive/download-shinobi-iii-return-of-the-ninja-master-usa/26381.html from find 'samurai-shodown 2']
kega-fusion->save-state-procedure is easier than mame->save-sate-procedure
kega-fusion->save-state : 'esc'->file->save-state
2 jun 2020 8:35 pm edt:#add# (2)streets-of-rage-3/sor-3:
sor-3-usa https://drive.google.com/file/d/13aRntyXuNe50kR-ET9xmxS554ElTneqq/view?usp=sharing
sor-3-jp/bk-3 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1CNWWv1raKd6tEPIt-92y-k5-DS28WU8r/view?usp=sharing
sor-3-eu? https://drive.google.com/file/d/1RtJ7BBRUlwwuTFegMym9SamV3Zp7onVr/view?usp=sharing
sor-3-asia? https://drive.google.com/file/d/11JxkofzzmtK1cx8Qgq7DNY80Sitwpbgy/view?usp=sharing
2 jun 2020 8:45 pm edt:
(1/5)#add# [source:https://wowroms.com/en/roms/sega-genesis-megadrive/download-streets-of-rage-3-usa/26503.html#2_jun_2020_8_31_pm_edt from find 'samurai-shodown 2']
(2/5)#add# [source:https://download.wowroms.com/d/roms/g/LstcNfFXQ1OBOwCBZwH6/k1/e6c97049f3a35da/k2/33226b554c2f429 from find 'samurai-shodown 2']
(3/5)#add# [source:https://wowroms.com/en/roms/sega-genesis-megadrive/download-streets-of-rage-3-europe/26502.html#2_jun_2020_8_10_pm_edt from find 'samurai-shodown 2']
(4/5)#add# [source:https://wowroms.com/en/roms/sega-genesis-megadrive/download-streets-of-rage-3-asia/26501.html#2_jun_2020_8_10_pm_edt from find 'samurai-shodown 2']
(5/5)#add# (3)arrow-flash-jp-eu https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FQVN5qtV5jXyWi1uDAB0GAQnWSoLqwhT/view?usp=sharing [source:https://download.wowroms.com/d/roms/g/1NZ9RYpcZ8rWiOhOMi3A/k1/72dba9b09af0931/k2/dec29b50c869d3a from find 'samurai-shodown 2']
arrow-flash-usa-eu https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zlXIcyyKnlrXnHlNDJ0zWZh6NDxJQlNa/view?usp=sharing [source:https://download.wowroms.com/d/roms/g/17HaPkHg1A5BxbPSvflp/k1/3d95b91a2e14db9/k2/bf246dce1ddc13c from find 'samurai-shodown 2']
6 jun 2020 7:44 pm edt:
problem : clean computer-keyboard and make computer-keyboard stay-clean
solution :
procedure to clean keyboard: (sakar.com iconcepts 90050ns : https://www.amazon.com/I-Concepts-90050N-107-Key-Keyboard/dp/B000NKANUE/ref=sr_1_9?dchild=1&keywords=iConcepts&qid=1591486920&s=pc&sr=1-9 from google (sakar.com iconcepts 90050ns) result 3)
(1)write keyboard-button-position on paper
(2)remove each keyboard-screw, keyboard-screw are located underneath keyboard.
if there is sticker underneath keyboard then remove sticker underneath keyboard.
because that sticker maybe hide keyboard-screw.
(3)open keyboard-housing.
there is 1 elastic-white-rubber underneath each keyboard-button.
remember elastic-white-rubber-position how 1 elastic-white-rubber touch keyboard-button.
insert all elastic-white-rubber to water-bucket. use soapy-finger to scrub each wet-elastic-white-rubber.
then insert all soapy-elastic-white-rubber to bucket-2
(4)from inside keyboard-housing : push each keyboard-button, to remove each keyboard-button.
insert all keyboard-button to water-bucket.
use soapy-finger to scrub each keyboard-button.
then insert soapy-keyboard-button to bucket-2.
now bucket-2 contain (1)soapy-elastic-white-rubber (2)soapy-keyboard-button.
fill bucket-2 with clean-water then stir (1)soapy-elastic-white-rubber (2)soapy-keyboard-button to separate
soap from elastic-white-rubber and keyboard-button.
repeat 1 or 2 time.
remove wet-keyboard-button from bucket-2 1 by 1,
use wet-finger to scrub each wet-keyboard-button, to make-sure each wet-keyboard-button doesn't have soap-residue.
put wet-keyboard-button, wet-elastic-white-rubber, in airy-room, to dessicate.
(5)inside keyboard-housing there are :
(1)1 keyboard-cable connected to 1 circuit-board : avoid washing those.
(2)some keyboard-size-white-transparent-sheet-with-circuit-drawing being stacked on top of each other :
avoid washing those. [source:(1/2)'Nah. I did it like 3 times and it all ended up in keyboard malfunctioning partially or even fully. I think that water leaves certain minerals on the surface and that's what causing it.' in https://www.techpowerup.com/forums/threads/cleaning-the-transparent-plastic-printed-circuits-inside-a-keyboard.163694/ from google (keyboard transparent plastic contact) result 6 (2/2)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b-o8OgEeoZY&t=1m24s (How to Clean A Membrane Keyboard) from google (wash membrane keyboard) result 1 from 'Membrane keyboards are the more common of the two. With membrane keyboards, a thin membrane presses on a circuit layer, that registers the key pressed.' in https://www.computerlounge.co.nz/blog/tips-and-tricks/ultimate-keyboard-showdown-mechanical-vs-membrane-keyboards from google (keyboard membrane) result 5 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_keyboard from google (keyboard electrical contact layer) result 1 from 'Peel back the electrical contact layers' in https://www.explainthatstuff.com/computerkeyboards.html from google (keyboard component part name transparent conductor) result 4]
(6)use soapy-finger, tooth-brush to scrub keyboard-housing
(7)shake 1 keyboard-button to make-sure that keyboard-button is dry, and doesn't eject water-droplet.
use paper written on step (1) for a guide to install each keyboard-button to keyboard-housing.
(8)invertedly-suspend keyboard-housing-with-keyboard-button, with 2 packaging-box become like 2 pillar supporting
keyboard-housing-with-keyboard-button, without pressing any keyboard-button.
so keyboard-button face floor.
put each elastic-white-rubber on each keyboard-button, remember 'remember elastic-white-rubber-position how 1 elastic-white-rubber touch keyboard-button.'
assemble everything-else but use minimum screw-amount just to make keyboard-housing can close.
then test each keyboard-button with computer.
if some keyboard-button fail to show response then maybe because keyboard-size-white-transparent-sheet-with-circuit-drawing
has concave/air-pocket/bulge.
procedure to make keyboard stay-clean:
[obsolete]
[reason]
so maybe after frequent washing-with-soap :
silicone-flexible-keyboard can rupture/torn-apart as-well like transparent-keyboard-silicone-cover [/reason]
(1) maybe buy amazon.com/Sungwoo-Foldable-Silicone-Keyboard-Waterproof/dp/B06XHBQ4MB/ref=sr_1_1_sspa?
crid=25Y4UF5G5DT3J&keywords=sungwoo+foldable+silicone+keyboard&qid=1656597676&s=electronics&sprefix=sungwo%2Celectronics%2C72
&sr=1-1-spons&psc=1&spLa=ZW5jcnlwdGVkUXVhbGlmaWVyPUEyUEtZMjc3MjcyTjA1JmVuY3J5cHRlZElkPUEwNDc4MjU3MVE0RUJUREpXWUFWSiZlbmNyeXB0
ZWRBZElkPUEwNjYwODgyMzNZVkZTTlVQUkE2QiZ3aWRnZXROYW1lPXNwX2F0ZiZhY3Rpb249Y2xpY2tSZWRpcmVjdCZkb05vdExvZ0NsaWNrPXRydWU=
[addition 4 jul 2022 10:26 pm edt]
but that amazon.com/Sungwoo-Foldable-Silicone-Keyboard-Waterproof/dp/B06XHBQ4MB/ref=sr_1_1_sspa?
crid=25Y4UF5G5DT3J&keywords=sungwoo+foldable+silicone+keyboard&qid=1656597676&s=electronics&sprefix=sungwo%2Celectronics%2C72
&sr=1-1-spons&psc=1&spLa=ZW5jcnlwdGVkUXVhbGlmaWVyPUEyUEtZMjc3MjcyTjA1JmVuY3J5cHRlZElkPUEwNDc4MjU3MVE0RUJUREpXWUFWSiZlbmNyeXB0
ZWRBZElkPUEwNjYwODgyMzNZVkZTTlVQUkE2QiZ3aWRnZXROYW1lPXNwX2F0ZiZhY3Rpb249Y2xpY2tSZWRpcmVjdCZkb05vdExvZ0NsaWNrPXRydWU=
says :
'Waterproof and dustproof: No additional keyboard cover skin required, food crumbs or dust can be easily cleaned thoroughly.
Clean the silicone keyboard with water, alcohol, or alcohol based disinfectant.'
#contradict#
comment
'comment-writer : tanner
comment-rating : 5 star
comment-title : 'so far so good' :
comment-content : 'The keyboard comes in a fairly small box all rolled up - which I like, because it shows me that I'm able to'
.......
'PS. If you're looking for a water-proof keyboard, I'm not sure that this is a great option. The package comes with a warning list,
which includes - Don't spill liquids on keyboard!'
[/addition 4 jul 2022 10:26 pm edt]
[/obsolete]
[obsolete]
[reason]
transparent-keyboard-silicone-cover maybe eventually torn-apart/rupture after receiving repeated finger-pressure during typing
[source :
(1)'Love that it's flat since my board is non standard. Very transparent. Nice thickness. Easy to rinse off.
Don't love that I've had it 4 days and it already has imprint impressions from the edge of the keys. I'm afraid they will punch through quickly.
Also, the fold crease (from how packaged) will not go away. I've stretched, washed, and laid flat. It's irritating, but not enough to return.'
in amazon.com/gp/customer-reviews/R16MRJBO83MUV9/ref=cm_cr_arp_d_viewpnt?ie=UTF8&ASIN=B01MXONFI1#R16MRJBO83MUV9
(2)(2.1)'However, my short nails kept tearing a hole near the "s" key, allowing moisture to get in again.'
(2.2)'silicone protector is starting to stretch on the left hand side, but not so much that it's causing issues. In retrospect,
now that I see how this silicone cover works, I might have been able to take a 4mil plastic bag and tape it around the keyboard
and it wouldn't have torn'
in amazon.com/gp/customer-reviews/R3TEEOUD6SWR8G/ref=cm_cr_arp_d_viewpnt?ie=UTF8&ASIN=B01MXONFI1#R3TEEOUD6SWR8G
]
[/reason]
(1)insert clean-computer-keyboard to transparent-plastic-bag maybe like
(1)bestbuy.com/site/targus-universal-keyboard-cover-for-extra-large-laptops-3-pack-clear/6471244.p?skuId=6471244
(2)12 x 20 https://www.walmart.com/ip/Take-Disposable-Grocery-Polyethylene-Vegetables-Fruit-Produce-Plastic-1220P-Bags-Out-Clear-12x20-Inch-Bags-SafePro-Roll-400-Piece-Roll-Food/303987018
from https://www.walmart.com/c/kp/clear-plastic-bags row 3 col last
(3)20 x 16 https://www.walmart.com/ip/Plastic-Cellophane-Bags-20-x-16-in-Clear-6ct/54167715
from https://www.walmart.com/c/kp/clear-plastic-bags row 1 col 1
my computer-keyboard-size : 17.5 inch x 6 inch [source:https://www.amazon.com/I-Concepts-90050N-107-Key-Keyboard/dp/B000NKANUE/ref=sr_1_9?dchild=1&keywords=iConcepts&qid=1591486920&s=pc&sr=1-9 from google (sakar.com iconcepts 90050ns) result 3]
(2)wash that plastic-bag sometime in the future. clean-water-usage should be minimum.
doing 'procedure to clean keyboard:' need prodigal-clean-water
[/obsolete]
12 jun 2020 5:49 pm edt:
problem : how 1-button-mouse do right-click ? 1-button-mouse is easier to clean than multiple-button-mouse
solution : press and hold the "Control" key on keyboard, then click the mouse. [source:'How do I right click with only one button? On the keyboard press and hold the "Control" key, then click the mouse. Note: mice with two buttons can do this to. Hold the "Control" key, then left click the mouse.' in https://as.vanderbilt.edu/vuit/computer_services/faqs/mac/Right_Click.php from google (how 1 button mouse right click) result 1]
[obsolete]
[reason] maybe because ~/.bash_history says
i do: sudo mount /dev/sdb1 ~/myfiles/mount_place
then i do: sudo dd if=linuxmint-19.3-cinnamon-64bit.iso of=/dev/sdb1 oflag=direct bs=1048576
but i can not reproduce that error-msg 'invalid magic number', 'invalid signature', 'Failed to load ldlinux.c32'
[/reason]
15 jun 2020 8:28 pm edt:
problem : format usb-drive for making usb-live-linuxmint.com/usb-for-install-linux
solution :
sudo mkfs.vfat -F 32 -I /dev/sdb
avoid using find 'sudo mke2fs /dev/sdb'
[addition 15 jun 2020 8:51 pm edt]
using find 'sudo mke2fs /dev/sdb' to format that usb-drive, will make booting usb-live-linuxmint.com, produce error :
(1)'invalid magic number' under efi-boot
(2)'invalid signature' under efi-boot
(3)'Failed to load ldlinux.c32' under legacy-bios-boot
[addition 15 jun 2020 9:24 pm edt]
[source for complete-error-message:(1/6)https://askubuntu.com/questions/1081472/vmlinuz-4-18-12-041812-generic-has-invalid-signature from google (error casper/vmlinuz has invalid signature) (2/6)https://www.reddit.com/r/linux4noobs/comments/96dktl/invalid_magic_number_and_you_need_to_load_the/ from google (linux boot invalid magic number) (3/6)https://askubuntu.com/questions/1225300/why-do-i-get-an-invalid-magic-number-boot-error-for-5-x-kernels-but-not-4-x from google (linux boot invalid magic number) (4/6)https://askubuntu.com/questions/942289/cant-boot-ubuntu-usb-invalid-magic-number from google (linux boot invalid magic number) (5/6)https://askubuntu.com/questions/289030/invalid-magic-number from google (linux boot invalid magic number) (6/6)https://askubuntu.com/questions/985612/running-ubuntu-from-a-usb-failed-to-load-ldlinux-c32 from google (can not load ldlinux. c32)]
[/addition 15 jun 2020 9:24 pm edt]
[/addition 15 jun 2020 8:51 pm edt]
[/obsolete]
15 jun 2020 8:31 pm edt:
problem : linuxmint.com bottom-horizontal-tool-bar disappear
solution :
(1)reboot
(2)if reboot still doesn't make linuxmint.com->bottom-horizontal-tool-bar appear then
(1)press-and-hold ctrl, alt then press 't' to show linux-gnome-terminal
(2)/usr/share/cinnamon/cinnamon-settings/cinnamon-settings.py panel [source:https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?t=257031 from google (linuxmint cinnamon task manager disappear) result 1]
15 jun 2020 8:36 pm edt:
problem : efi-system-partition-size for linux
solution : 100 mb => 250 mb [source:https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DiskSpace from google (boot efi size) result 1]
15 jun 2020 8:39 pm edt:
problem : primary vs logical partition
solution : maximum 4 primary-partition is allowed.
infinite logical-partition is allowed.
15 jun 2020 8:44 pm edt:#add# addition 15 jun 2020 8:42 pm edt
15 jun 2020 8:52 pm edt:#add# addition 15 jun 2020 8:51 pm edt
15 jun 2020 9:24 pm edt:#add# addition 15 jun 2020 9:24 pm edt
16 jun 2020 9:33 am edt:
#reword#
3. %>sudo hostname b
display current hostname :
%>hostname
b
#to#
3. %>sudo hostname
to display current hostname
16 jun 2020 2:52 pm edt:#make obsolete# problem : format usb-drive for making usb-live-linuxmint.com/usb-for-install-linux
27 jun 2020 12:22 pm edt:
problem : find which program make heavy-cpu-stress
solution :
(1)find pid-number
%>top [source:https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/13968/show-top-five-cpu-consuming-processes-with-ps from google (linux ps heavy cpu load) result 1]
(2)find detail-program-name for that pid-number (optional)
%>ps aux
(3)kill that program which make heavy-cpu-stress
%>kill -9 pid-number
27 jun 2020 12:27 pm edt:
(1/2)#reword# (2)find detail-program-name for that pid-number
#to# (2)find detail-program-name for that pid-number (optional)
(2/2)#add# (3)kill that program which make heavy-cpu-stress
%>kill -9 pid-number
27 jun 2020 1:54 pm edt:#add# [source:https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/13968/show-top-five-cpu-consuming-processes-with-ps from google (linux ps heavy cpu load) result 1]
2 jul 2020 11:41 pm edt:
#add#
tips:(1)maybe require doing : find 'problem:make linuxmint show progress during boot, instead of showing logo'
(2)how to enable lightdm : sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm
not 'sudo systemctl enable lightdm', not 'sudo systemctl restart lightdm' [source:'sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm' in https://forum.odroid.com/viewtopic.php?t=34109 from google (systemctl enable lightdm fail) result 3]
3 jul 2020 12:23 pm edt:
problem : make systemd show enabled service
solution : a@2 11:38 AM ~ sudo systemctl list-unit-files | grep enabled [source:https://askubuntu.com/questions/795226/how-to-list-all-enabled-services-from-systemctl from google (systemctl list enabled service)]
3 jul 2020 12:29 pm edt:
(1)#add# 'systemctl restart lightdm.service' in https://askubuntu.com/questions/721870/cant-start-lightdm-without-systemctl#3_jul_2020_12_20_pm_edt maybe from google (systemctl can not start lightdm)
(2)#add# systemd automatically-enable disabled-service if needed but systemd won't automatically-enable lightdm if needed
then linux-boot show boot-text showing service-list then show black-screen with blinking-cursor.
lightdm must be manually-enabled using that different-command 'sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm' then
problem about linux-boot show boot-text showing service-list then show black-screen with blinking-cursor, disappear.
3 jul 2020 12:44 pm edt:#add# during boot if systemd fail to start lightdm.service then systemd fail to start display-manager.service as well
8 jul 2020 7:24 pm edt:
problem : change work-space/workspace
solution : (1)ctrl + alt + left-arrow or
(2)ctrl + alt + right-arrow
23 jul 2020 3:37 pm edt:
problem : leaving message to web-server-administrator
solution :
(1)%>wget -U 'facebook.com/arnon.jaya|operating system=linuxmint 18.2 sonya cinnamon|wget' --spider localhost
add this message :
127.0.0.1 - - [23/Jul/2020:15:31:33 -0400] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 311 "-" "facebook.com/arnon.jaya|operating system=linuxmint 18.2 sonya cinnamon|wget"
to /var/log/apache2/access.log
(2)%>wget -U 'facebook.com/arnon.jaya|operating system=linuxmint 18.2 sonya cinnamon|wget' --spider localhost/test.html
add this message :
127.0.0.1 - - [23/Jul/2020:15:32:15 -0400] "HEAD /test.html HTTP/1.1" 200 283 "-" "facebook.com/arnon.jaya|operating system=linuxmint 18.2 sonya cinnamon|wget"
to /var/log/apache2/access.log
23 jul 2020 6:39 pm edt:#add# addition 23 jul 2020 6:38 pm edt
30 jul 2020 3:18 pm edt:
problem : linux-gui make cpu-usage 100 % , slowing-down linux-gui until almost freeze
solution :
(solution-1)(1)ctrl + alt + f1 --> ( to quit then go to linux-command-prompt ) [source:askubuntu.com/questions/320666/how-do-i-kill-the-x-server maybe from google (linux quit lightdm)]
(2)wait...
(3)login (login-process maybe slow, wait...)
(4)pkill firefox [source:https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/14479/killall-gives-me-no-process-found-but-ps from google ( killall no process found ) from 'killall' in https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/31818/what-to-do-when-a-linux-desktop-freezes from google ( linux memory full hang reboot ) result 2]
(5)sudo reboot
(solution-2)ctrl + alt + back-space to quit x then relogin to x [source:https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/31818/what-to-do-when-a-linux-desktop-freezes from google ( linux memory full hang reboot ) result 2]
(solution-3)SysRq maybe is on keyboard-button 'print screen'.
(1)Alt+SysRq+U remount filesystems as read-only (optional) [source:https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/31818/what-to-do-when-a-linux-desktop-freezes from google ( linux memory full hang reboot ) result 2]
(2)Alt+SysRq+B forcefully reboot [source:https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/31818/what-to-do-when-a-linux-desktop-freezes from google ( linux memory full hang reboot ) result 2]
30 jul 2020 7:57 pm edt:
(1)#reword# [source:forgotten-website from google (...) ]
#to# [source:askubuntu.com/questions/320666/how-do-i-kill-the-x-server maybe from google (linux quit lightdm)]
(2)#reword# (3)sudo reboot
#to# (3)login (login-process maybe slow, wait...)
(4)sudo reboot
30 jul 2020 8 pm edt:#reword# ( to go to linux-command-prompt ) #to# --> ( to quit then go to linux-command-prompt )
31 jul 2020 6 pm edt:#make obsolete# geany : turn off syntax highlighting for .htm file,
6 sep 2020 6:53 pm edt:
(1/2)#add# killall firefox [source:https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/31818/what-to-do-when-a-linux-desktop-freezes from google ( linux memory full hang reboot ) result 2]
(2/2)#add#
(solution-2)ctrl + alt + back-space to quit x then relogin to x [source:https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/31818/what-to-do-when-a-linux-desktop-freezes from google ( linux memory full hang reboot ) result 2]
(solution-3)SysRq maybe is on keyboard-button 'print screen'.
(1)Alt+SysRq+U remount filesystems as read-only (optional) [source:https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/31818/what-to-do-when-a-linux-desktop-freezes from google ( linux memory full hang reboot ) result 2]
(2)Alt+SysRq+B forcefully reboot [source:https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/31818/what-to-do-when-a-linux-desktop-freezes from google ( linux memory full hang reboot ) result 2]
9 sep 2020 11:12 pm edt:#reword# (4)killall firefox [source:https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/31818/what-to-do-when-a-linux-desktop-freezes from google ( linux memory full hang reboot ) result 2]
#to# (4)pkill firefox [source:https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/14479/killall-gives-me-no-process-found-but-ps from google ( killall no process found )]
9 sep 2020 11:16 pm edt:#reword# (4)pkill firefox [source:https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/14479/killall-gives-me-no-process-found-but-ps from google ( killall no process found )]
#to# (4)pkill firefox [source:https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/14479/killall-gives-me-no-process-found-but-ps from google ( killall no process found ) from 'killall' in https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/31818/what-to-do-when-a-linux-desktop-freezes from google ( linux memory full hang reboot ) result 2]
14 oct 2020 8:57 pm edt: end 9:1 pm edt
problem : show harddisk/hard-disk's temperature, cpu's temperature in computer with microsoft.com->windows-operating-system
solution: download-and-run : http://www.almico.com/speedfan452.exe
from click 'The latest version is SpeedFan 4.52.' in http://www.almico.com/sfdownload.php
from google ( speedfan ), ( windows hddtemp ), ( hddtemp ), ( windows 10 check hard disk temperature )
hard-disk's operating-temperature : 0 -> 60 celcius
hard-disk's non-operating-temperature : -40 -> 70 celcius. [source : Temperature, Operating (°C) 0 to 60. Temperature, Nonoperating (°C) -40 to 70 in http://www.tomshardware.com/forum/297065-32-minimum-hard-drive-temperature from google (harddisk platter storage temperature) result 7]
29 oct 2020 12:2 pm edt:#add# addition 29 oct 2020 11:59 am edt
10 nov 2020 7:39 am est:#add# addition 10 nov 2020 7:38 am est
10 nov 2020 11:53 am est:#add# addition 10 nov 2020 11:52 am est
28 nov 2020 5:8 pm est:
problem : zoom/enlarge text on firefox , shrink text on firefox
solution :
(1)zoom/enlarge text on firefox : press-and-hold control then : press = or press +
(2)shrink text on firefox : press-and-hold control then press -
28 nov 2020 6:32 pm est:
problem : Linux : see current-cpu-frequency. [source:https://askubuntu.com/questions/218567/any-way-to-check-the-clock-speed-of-my-processor from google ( show current cpu frequency ) result 1]
solution :
(1) 'lscpu' -->start-addition 28 nov 2020 7:11 pm est
example :
a@2 06:57 PM ~ lscpu
etc...
CPU MHz: 1599.884
CPU max MHz: 2500.0000
CPU min MHz: 1600.0000
etc...
(2) 'cat /proc/cpuinfo'
example:
a@2 07:01 PM ~ cat /proc/cpuinfo
etc...
cpu MHz : 1676.788
etc... -->end-addition 28 nov 2020 7:11 pm est
(3)'cpufreq-info' but need : apt-get install cpufrequtils
example:
a@2 06:32 PM ~ cpufreq-info
cpufrequtils 008: cpufreq-info (C) Dominik Brodowski 2004-2009
Report errors and bugs to cpufreq@vger.kernel.org, please.
analyzing CPU 0:
driver: intel_pstate
CPUs which run at the same hardware frequency: 0
CPUs which need to have their frequency coordinated by software: 0
maximum transition latency: 0.97 ms.
hardware limits: 1.60 GHz - 2.50 GHz
available cpufreq governors: performance, powersave
current policy: frequency should be within 1.60 GHz and 2.50 GHz.
The governor "powersave" may decide which speed to use
within this range.
current CPU frequency is 1.60 GHz.
a@2 06:33 PM ~
28 nov 2020 7:14 pm est:
(1/3)#add# -->start-addition 28 nov 2020 7:11 pm est #until# -->end-addition 28 nov 2020 7:11 pm est
(2/3)#reword# command show current-cpu-frequency. #to# but need : apt-get install cpufrequtils
(3/3)#add# [source:https://askubuntu.com/questions/218567/any-way-to-check-the-clock-speed-of-my-processor from google ( show current cpu frequency ) result 1]
5 dec 2020 5:42 pm est:
problem : sudo some-time doesn't request password,
sudo some-time request password.
make sudo always request password
solution :
(1)sudo visudo
(2)Defaults timestamp_timeout=0 # 0 means always ask password
[source : (1/2)https://askubuntu.com/questions/309202/how-often-is-the-password-asked-for-sudo-commands-where-can-i-set-it-up from google ( sometimes sudo ask for password ) result 2 (2/2)https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/382060/change-default-sudo-password-timeout from google ( sudo timeout ) result 3]
9 dec 2020 11:58 am est:#under# problem : turn on auto complete, bash completion feature in debian
#reword#
1. sudo apt-get install bash-completion
2. add that to bash profile
if [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
. /etc/bash_completion
fi
#to#
(1) >sudo apt-get install bash-completion
(2)(option-1) make all user can do bash-completion :
(1)>sudo nano /etc/profile
(2)write to file /etc/profile :
if [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
. /etc/bash_completion
fi
(3)>source /etc/profile
or re-login
(option-2) make certain user can do bash-completion :
(1)>sudo nano /home/user-name/.bash_profile
or >sudo nano /home/user-name/.bashrc ( for linuxmint.com )
(2)write to file /home/user-name/.bash_profile or write to file /home/user-name/.bashrc
if [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
. /etc/bash_completion
fi
(3)>source /home/user-name/.bash_profile
or >source /home/user-name/.bashrc
or re-login
7 mar 2021 2:6 pm est:#add# addition 7 mar 2021 2:5 pm est
============================================================================================================================================================
13 apr 2021 9:48 am edt:
problem : helpful tool to know computer-server-web-site location ?
solution :
[addition 21 jul 2021 8:15 am edt]
warning : toolsip.org automatically-show google-map so find 'usa-country->california-night-time-only' , 'burn-and-kill many bird'.
(1)to find location for computer-server 'en.wikipedia.org' :
visit : https://toolsip.org/ip/en.wikipedia.org
produce output : usa->virginia-state->ashburn-city->wikimedia-foundation-inc->text-lb.eqiad.wikimedia.org/208.80.154.224:54122
[source : https://toolsip.org/ip/172.70.32.4 from google ( hostname 172.70.32.4 ) result 1]
[addition 21 jul 2021 8:28 am edt]
https://toolsip.org/ip/toolsip.org :
ohio-state->dublin-city->amazon.com-inc->ec2-3-128-70-72.us-east-2.compute.amazonaws.com/3.128.70.72
[/addition 21 jul 2021 8:28 am edt]
[/addition 21 jul 2021 8:15 am edt]
(2)example :
a@2 09:27 AM ~ traceroute walmart.com ( tracert walmart.com in microsoft.com->windows )
traceroute to walmart.com (161.170.230.170), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 Fios_Quantum_Gateway.fios-router.home (192.168.1.1) 0.492 ms 0.580 ms 0.784 ms
2 * * *
3 ae3305-20.WASHDCDN-MSE01-AA-IE1.verizon-gni.net (100.41.23.136) 18.221 ms ae3305-21.ARTNVAFC-MSE01-AA-IE1.verizon-gni.net (100.41.23.138) 21.399 ms 16.642 ms
4 0.ae1.BR1.IAD8.ALTER.NET (140.222.239.77) 19.847 ms 19.767 ms 0.ae2.BR1.IAD8.ALTER.NET (140.222.239.79) 18.274 ms
5 * * *
6 * * *
7 * ae7.cs1.atl10.us.eth.zayo.com (64.125.24.229) 47.974 ms *
8 * * *
9 ae10.er1.dfw79.us.zip.zayo.com (64.125.30.65) 49.239 ms 44.402 ms 49.169
final-meaningful-output show 'dfw79' , dfw is dallas-fort-worth-iata-airport-code , so walmart.com's location is near
dfw-airport
[addition 9 jun 2021 1:47 pm edt]
(3)a@2 01:19 PM ~ traceroute perkinsrestaurants.com doesn't give helpful information about computer-server-web-site-location.
traceroute to perkinsrestaurants.com (75.2.60.5), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 Fios_Quantum_Gateway.fios-router.home (192.168.1.1) 0.419 ms 0.617 ms 0.811 ms
2 * * *
3 ae3305-21.ARTNVAFC-MSE01-AA-IE1.verizon-gni.net (100.41.23.138) 35.130 ms ae3305-20.WASHDCDN-MSE01-AA-IE1.verizon-gni.net (100.41.23.136) 15.069 ms ae3305-21.ARTNVAFC-MSE01-AA-IE1.verizon-gni.net (100.41.23.138) 14.351 ms
4 0.ae9.GW13.IAD8.ALTER.NET (140.222.225.63) 15.873 ms 0.ae10.GW13.IAD8.ALTER.NET (140.222.225.219) 16.006 ms 15.907 ms
5 204.148.170.58 (204.148.170.58) 16.624 ms 16.670 ms 16.751 ms
other way :
---https://sitereport.netcraft.com/?url=https://www.perkinsrestaurants.com
says computer-server-web-site-location is maybe in germany->frankfurt , uk->ireland , usa->new-york-state->new-york-city.
Netblock Owner DigitalOcean, LLC
Hosting company Amazon - EU Central (Frankfurt) datacenter
Hosting country de
Nameserver ns01.worldspice.net
Nameserver organisation whois.wildwestdomains.com
Netblock owner IP address OS Web server Last seen
IPv4 address (206.189.50.215)
IP range Country Name Description
0.0.0.0-255.255.255.255 N/A IANA-BLK The whole IPv4 address space
↳ 206.0.0.0-206.255.255.255 United States NET206 American Registry for Internet Numbers
↳ 206.189.0.0-206.189.255.255 United States DIGITALOCEAN-206-189-0-0 DigitalOcean, LLC
↳ 206.189.50.215 United States DIGITALOCEAN-206-189-0-0 DigitalOcean, LLC
IPv6 address (2a05:d014:275:cb00:c26c:5b6d:e2c8:e5a)
IP range Country Name Description
::/0 N/A ROOT Root inet6num object
↳ 2a00::/11 European Union EU-ZZ-2A00 RIPE NCC
↳ 2a00::/12 Netherlands EU-ZZ-2A00 RIPE Network Coordination Centre
↳ 2a05:d000::/25 Ireland IE-AMAZON-20150219 Amazon Data Services Ireland Ltd
↳ 2a05:d014:275:cb00:c26c:5b6d:e2c8:e5a Ireland IE-AMAZON-20150219 Amazon Data Services Ireland Ltd
DigitalOcean, LLC 101 Ave of the Americas 10th Floor New York NY US 10013 161.35.218.92 unknown Netlify 7-Jun-2021
[/addition 9 jun 2021 1:47 pm edt]
============================================================================================================================================================
30 apr 2021 6:6 am edt:#add# addition 30 apr 2021 6:4 am edt
============================================================================================================================================================
7 jun 2021 5:48 pm edt:
problem :
gdb's error-message is not helpful , not telling what c-program-code-line-number produce error-message ,
example :
a@2 06:52 PM ~/myfiles/c gcc generate_math_mem_multi_array_2.c -o generate_math_mem_multi_array_2
a@2 06:52 PM ~/myfiles/c gdb ./generate_math_mem_multi_array_2
(gdb) run
Starting program: /home/a/myfiles/c/generate_math_mem_multi_array_2
Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x0000000000400701 in main ()
(gdb)
solution :
a@2 05:50 PM ~/myfiles/c gcc generate_math_mem_multi_array_2.c -g -o generate_math_mem_multi_array_2 --> -g -o must be in that order. -o -g will produce error.
a@2 06:52 PM ~/myfiles/c gdb ./generate_math_mem_multi_array_2
(gdb) run
Starting program: /home/a/myfiles/c/generate_math_mem_multi_array_2
Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x0000000000400701 in main (
argc_=,
argv_=) at generate_math_mem_multi_array_2.c:45
45 {
(gdb)
so '-g -o' make gdb produce more helpful error-message.
'at generate_math_mem_multi_array_2.c:45' means during code 'int main (int argc_ , char ** argv_)' ,
apparently means there is over-size array-size which is too big then causing 'segmentation fault' error.
i shrink that array-size then 'segmentation fault' error vanish.
[addition 8 jun 2021 5:14 pm edt]
example-code-1 seg_fault.c :
//File: seg_fault.c. Author: zentut.com. Description: Read text file line by line and output it to the screen.
#include
#include
#include
int global_max = 1000000000;
//int global_max = 5;
int global_count = 5;
int main (int argc_ , char ** argv_)
//int main ()
{
int addition_result [ 1001 ] [ 1001 ];
int minus_result [ 1001 ] [ 1001 ];
int division_int_result [ 1001 ] [ 1001 ] ;
int division_left_over [ 1001 ] [ 1001 ];
int multiplication_result [ 1001 ] [ 1001 ];
int division_result_multiplication_result [ 1001 ] [ 1001 ] ;
printf ( "test\n" );
int i = 0; int mu, a, mi;
while ( i <= global_count )
{
//printf ("generating row %i\n", i);
int j = 0;
//fputs ( "[", output_stream );
while ( j <= global_count )
{
multiplication_result [ i ] [ j ] = i * j;
addition_result [ i ] [ j ] = i + j;
minus_result [ i ] [ j ] = i - j;
j++;
}
i++;
}
return 0;
}
//end-of-code seg_fault.c ;;
compile-command : a@2 05:12 PM ~/myfiles/c gcc seg_fault.c -g -o seg_fault
gdb-command : gdb ./seg_fault
example-code-2 seg_fault_2.c :
//File: seg_fault_2.c. Author: zentut.com. Description: Read text file line by line and output it to the screen.
#include
#include
#include
int global_max = 1001;
//int global_max = 5;
int global_count = 5;
int main (int argc_ , char ** argv_)
//int main ()
{
int addition_result [ global_max ] [ global_max ];
int minus_result [ global_max ] [ global_max ];
int division_int_result [ global_max ] [ global_max ] ;
int division_left_over [ global_max ] [ global_max ];
int multiplication_result [ global_max ] [ global_max ];
int division_result_multiplication_result [ global_max ] [ global_max ] ;
printf ( "test\n" );
int i = 0; int mu, a, mi;
while ( i <= global_count )
{
//printf ("generating row %i\n", i);
int j = 0;
while ( j <= global_count )
{
multiplication_result [ i ] [ j ] = i * j;
addition_result [ i ] [ j ] = i + j;
minus_result [ i ] [ j ] = i - j;
j++;
}
i++;
}
return 0;
}
//end-of-code seg_fault_2.c ;;
compile-command : gcc seg_fault_2.c -g -o seg_fault_2
gdb-command : gdb ./seg_fault_2
changing '1001' to '5' , make 'segmentation fault' error vanish.
[/addition 8 jun 2021 5:14 pm edt]
================================================================================================================================================================================================
8 jun 2021 9:47 am edt:
#reword# gdb output is not clear , error-message is not helpful , example :
#to# gdb's error-message is not helpful , not telling what c-program-code-line-number produce error-message ,
example :
================================================================================================================================================================================================
8 jun 2021 9:54 am edt:#add# addition 8 jun 2021 9:54 am edt
================================================================================================================================================================================================
8 jun 2021 10 am edt:#add# addition 8 jun 2021 9:59 am edt
================================================================================================================================================================================================
8 jun 2021 10:1 am edt:
problem : use gdb to debug c-program which accept command-line-argument. gdb's documentation.
solution :
use gdb to debug c-program which accept command-line-argument :
(gdb) show args
Argument list to give program being debugged when it is started is "".
(gdb) set args v 5
(gdb) show args
Argument list to give program being debugged when it is started is "v 5".
(gdb)
gdb's documentation : http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/
gnu.org-location : usa->massachusetts-state->boston-city , so not using 'ivanpah'-solar-electricity which kill bird. [ source : find 'ivanpah' , 'boston' in a@2 09:42 AM ~ traceroute gnu.org. traceroute to gnu.org (209.51.188.148), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets (1) Fios_Quantum_Gateway.fios-router.home (192.168.1.1) 0.379 ms 0.545 ms 0.772 ms (2) * * * (3) ae3305-21.ARTNVAFC-MSE01-AA-IE1.verizon-gni.net (100.41.23.138) 14.406 ms ae3305-20.WASHDCDN-MSE01-AA-IE1.verizon-gni.net (100.41.23.136) 15.767 ms ae3305-21.ARTNVAFC-MSE01-AA-IE1.verizon-gni.net (100.41.23.138) 14.325 ms (4) 0.ae1.BR1.IAD8.ALTER.NET (140.222.239.77) 17.318 ms 0.ae2.BR1.IAD8.ALTER.NET (140.222.239.79) 17.405 ms 17.314 ms (5) * * * (6) * * * (7) TWDX-level3-100G.Boston1.Level3.net (4.53.60.66) 20.839 ms 22.897 ms 22.947 ms (8) bbr02-et-0-0-29.bos01.twdx.net (198.160.62.2) 21.863 ms bbr02-et-0-0-7.bos01.twdx.net (198.160.62.0) 20.479 ms 20.276 ms (9) dcr03-hu-0-8-0-0.bsn04.twdx.net (198.160.62.201) 20.642 ms 20.244 ms 19.969 ms (10) mass-ix.fsf.org (206.53.143.61) 19.203 ms 18.873 ms 28.844 ms (11) wildebeest.gnu.org (209.51.188.148) 28.726 ms 29.227 ms 28.373 ms a@2 09:51 AM ~ ]
================================================================================================================================================================================================
8 jun 2021 5:14 pm edt:#add# addition 8 jun 2021 5:14 pm edt
================================================================================================================================================================================================
9 jun 2021 1:47 pm edt:#add# addition 9 jun 2021 1:47 pm edt
================================================================================================================================================================================================
9 jun 2021 5:21 pm edt:
problem : running c-program produce output '*** stack smashing detected ***'
solution :
that means trying to put value to array_item whose array_index exceed maximum_array_index
max_array_index = 10;
'int i=0; int array [ max_array_index ];
while ( i <= max_array_index )'
should be changed to
'int i=0;
while ( i < max_array_index )'
================================================================================================================================================================================================
9 jun 2021 5:57 pm edt: end 6:38 pm edt
problem : for c , c++ : gcc or g++ ? which is better ? use both.
(1) execute-command : gcc mult_array_interference_test.c -g -o mult_array_interference_test
execute-command : mult_array_interference_test > mult_array_interference_test.txt
find in mult_array_interference_test.txt : 'calculation minus_result [ i=10 ] [ j=4 ] = 10 - 4 = 6'
show :
8--addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] = 0
calculation minus_result [ i=10 ] [ j=4 ] = 10 - 4 = 6
9--addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] = 6
which means there is problem :
'calculation minus_result [ i=10 ] [ j=4 ] = 10 - 4 = 6'
convert '8--addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] = 0'
to '9--addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] = 6'
then running-process of 'mult_array_interference_test' , doesn't produce error-message , making user
think everything is fine , but actually there was problem 'which means there is problem :'.
(2) execute-command : g++ mult_array_interference_test.c -g -o mult_array_interference_test
execute-command : mult_array_interference_test > mult_array_interference_test.txt
but mult_array_interference_test.txt contain
8--addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] = 0
calculation minus_result [ i=10 ] [ j=4 ] = 10 - 4 = 6
9--addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] = 0
which means everything appear fine ,
problem 'convert '8--addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] = 0'
to '9--addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] = 6''
doesn't happen.
but in the end there is error-message '*** stack smashing detected ***'
solution :
(1)'while ( i <= global_max )' should become 'while ( i < global_max )'
(2)'while ( j <= global_max )' should become 'while ( j < global_max )'
gcc doesn't produce error-message even-though there is logical-error 'convert '8--addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] = 0'.
g++ produce error-message '*** stack smashing detected***' but
g++ doesn't show which code-line-number causes error-message '*** stack smashing detected***' and
g++ doesn't show logical-error 'convert '8--addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] = 0'.
gdb behave like g++ , gdb produce error-message '*** stack smashing detected***'
but gdb doesn't say which code-line-number causes error-message '*** stack smashing detected***'.
so maybe use gcc , maybe use g++.
//File: mult_array_interference.c. Author: zentut.com. Description: Read text file line by line and output it to. the screen.
#include
#include
#include
const int global_max = 10;
void calculate ( int [ 1 ], int [ 1 ] );
void divide ( int, int, int [ 1 ], int [ 1 ], int [ 1 ] );
void print_2_d_array ( char * , int [ global_max ] [ global_max ] );
void init_2_d_array ( int a [ global_max ] [ global_max ] );
int main (int argc_ , char ** argv_)
//int main ()
{
int c = 0;
//int max = 100;
//int max = 10001;
int max = 50;
int addition_result [ global_max ] [ global_max ];
int minus_result [ global_max ] [ global_max ];
int division_int_result [ global_max ] [ global_max ] ;
int division_left_over [ global_max ] [ global_max ];
int multiplication_result [ global_max ] [ global_max ];
int division_result_multiplication_result [ global_max ] [ global_max ] ;
init_2_d_array ( addition_result );
init_2_d_array ( minus_result );
init_2_d_array ( division_int_result );
init_2_d_array ( division_left_over );
init_2_d_array ( multiplication_result );
init_2_d_array ( division_result_multiplication_result );
max = 5;
int division_int_result_arr [ 1 ]; division_int_result_arr [ 0 ] = 0 ;
int division_left_over_arr [ 1 ]; division_left_over_arr [ 0 ] = 0 ;
int division_result_multiplication_arr [ 1 ]; division_result_multiplication_arr [ 0 ] = 0 ;
//divide ( 3, 2, division_result, division_left_over, division_result_multiplication );
//int max = 1001;
int i = 0; int mu, a, mi;
while ( i <= global_max )
{
int j = 0;
while ( j <= global_max )
{
//printf ("calculating %i / %i , %i x %i , %i + %i , %i - %i , start\n" , i , j , i , j , i , j , i , j);
//printf ( "1--addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] = %i\n" , addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] );
division_int_result_arr [ 0 ] = -1;
division_left_over_arr [ 0 ] = -1;
division_result_multiplication_arr [ 0 ] = -1;
divide ( i , j , division_int_result_arr , division_left_over_arr , division_result_multiplication_arr );
printf ( "%i / %i = %i , division_result_multiplication_arr=%i\n" ,
i , j , division_int_result_arr [ 0 ] , division_result_multiplication_arr [ 0 ] );
printf ( "division_result_multiplication_result [ %i ] [ %i ] = %i\n" , i , j ,
division_result_multiplication_arr [ 0 ] );
division_result_multiplication_result [ i ] [ j ] = division_result_multiplication_arr [ 0 ];
printf ( "2--addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] = %i\n" , addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] );
division_int_result [ i ] [ j ] = division_int_result_arr [ 0 ];
printf ( "3--addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] = %i\n" , addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] );
printf ( "4--addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] = %i\n" , addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] );
//printf ("now i=%i , j=%i" , i , j);
//division_left_over [ i ] [ j ] = 1;
division_left_over [ i ] [ j ] = division_left_over_arr [ 0 ];
printf ( "5--addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] = %i\n" , addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] );
multiplication_result [ i ] [ j ] = i * j;
printf ( "6--addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] = %i\n" , addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] );
addition_result [ i ] [ j ] = i + j;
printf ( "7--addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] = %i\n" , addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] );
printf ( "calculation addition_result [ i=%i ] [ j=%i ] = %i + %i = %i\n" ,
i , j , i , j , addition_result [ i ] [ j ] );
printf ( "8--addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] = %i\n" , addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] );
minus_result [ i ] [ j ] = i - j;
printf ( "calculation minus_result [ i=%i ] [ j=%i ] = %i - %i = %i\n" ,
i , j , i , j , minus_result [ i ] [ j ] );
printf ( "9--addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] = %i\n" , addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] );
//printf ("calculating %i / %i , %i x %i , %i + %i , %i - %i , end\n" , i , j , i , j , i , j , i , j);
//mu = i * j;
//a = i + j;
//mi = i - j;
//{dr:'0', dL:'0', dmu:'0', mu:'0', a:'0', mi:'0'}
//fprintf ( output_stream, "{dr:'%i', dL:'%i', drm:'%i', mu:'%i', a:'%i', mi:'%i'}",
//division_result [ 0 ], division_left_over [ 0 ], division_result_multiplication [ 0 ], mu, a, mi );
j++;
}
i++;
}
addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] = 0;
printf ( "10---addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] = %i\n" , addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] );
addition_result [ 10 ] [ 5 ] = 15;
printf ( "11---addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] = %i\n" , addition_result [ 0 ] [ 0 ] );
//print_2_d_array ( division_int_result [ global_max ] [ global_max ] );
print_2_d_array ( (char*) "division_int_result" , division_int_result );
print_2_d_array ( (char*) "addition_result" , addition_result );
return 0;
}
void init_2_d_array ( int a [ global_max ] [ global_max ] )
{
int i = 0; int j = 0;
while ( i < global_max )
{
j = 0;
while ( j < global_max )
{
a [ i ] [ j ] = -1;
j++;
}
i++;
}
}
//void print_2_d_array ( char * label , int a [ global_max ] [ global_max ] )
void print_2_d_array ( char * label , int a [ global_max ] [ global_max ] )
{
printf ( "print_2_d_array ( label=%s , int a [ global_max=%i ] [ global_max=%i ] ) start---\n" ,
label , global_max , global_max );
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
int global_max_minus_1 = global_max - 1;
int width = 3;
printf ( " " );
while ( j < global_max )
{
printf ( "%*i" , width , j );
if ( j < global_max )
{
printf ( " , " );
}
j++;
}
printf ( " , end\n" );
printf ( "---------------------------------------------------------------------------end\n" );
while ( i < global_max )
{
printf ( "%*i : " , width , i );
j = 0;
while ( j < global_max )
{
printf ( "%*i ( %i , %i )" , width , a [ i ] [ j ] , i , j );
if ( j < global_max )
{
printf ( " , " );
}
j++;
}
printf ( " , end\n" );
i++;
}
printf ( "print_2_d_array ( label=%s , int a [ global_max=%i ] [ global_max=%i ] ) end---\n" , label , global_max , global_max );
}
/*
int d [ 1 ]; int e [ 1 ];
d [ 0 ] = 3; e [ 0 ] = 3;
calculate ( d, e );
printf ( "d=%i, e=%i \n", d [ 0 ], e [ 0 ]);
*/
/*
char s [ 100 ];
strcpy ( s, "test 1" );
strcpy ( s, "abcd" );
a [ 0 ] [ 0 ].division_result = 1;
*/
//printf ( "test %s %i\n", s, a [ 0 ] [ 0 ].division_result );
/*
int division_result [ 1 ]; division_result [ 0 ] = 0 ;
int division_left_over [ 1 ]; division_left_over [ 0 ] = 0 ;
int multiplication_result [ 1 ]; multiplication_result [ 0 ] = 0 ;
divide ( 3, 2, division_result, division_left_over, multiplication_result );
printf ("3 / 2 = result=%i, left_over=%i, division_result_multiplication=%i\n",
division_result [ 0 ], division_left_over [ 0 ], multiplication_result [ 0 ] );
*/
//fclose ( output_stream );
void calculate ( int a [ 1 ], int b [ 1 ] )
{
a [ 0 ] = 1;
b [ 0 ] = 2;
}
void divide ( int n1, int n2, int division_result [ 1 ], int division_left_over [ 1 ], int multiplication_result [ 1 ] )
{
int debug = 0;
if ( n1 == 0 )
{
multiplication_result [ 0 ] = 0;
division_left_over [ 0 ] = 0;
division_result [ 0 ] = 0 ;
return;
}
else if ( n1 == 0 && n2 == 0)
{
multiplication_result [ 0 ] = 0;
division_left_over [ 0 ] = 0;
division_result [ 0 ] = 0 ;
return;
}
else if ( n2 == 0 && n1 != 0)
{
multiplication_result [ 0 ] = 0;
division_left_over [ 0 ] = n1;
division_result [ 0 ] = 0 ;
return;
}
if ( debug ) //p ('divide_int ( ', n1, ' , ', n2, ' ) start---');
printf ( "divide_int ( n1=%i, n2=%i ) start---\n", n1, n2 );
//var n1 = parseInt ( n1 ) ; var n2 = parseInt ( n2 ) ;
int h = 0 ; int i = 0 ;//kalo ga ada 'var' ya h dianggap h dari function lain seperti global-variable,jadi ancur.
int left_over = 0;
while ( h < n1 )
//while ( smaller_than_number_string ( h , n1 ) == true )
{
if ( debug ) //p ('divide_int ( ', n1, ' , ', n2, ' ) : ', h , ' < ', n1 );
printf ("divide_int ( n1=%i, n2=%i ) : h=%i < i=%i\n", n1, n2, h, n1 );
//h = add_int_int ( h , n2 ) ;
h = h + n2;
if(debug)//p('h=',h); //alert('h='+h);
printf ("h=%i\n",h);
i++;
}
if ( debug == 1 ) //p ('divide_int ( ', n1, ' , ', n2, ' ) : 1');
printf ( "divide ( n1=%i, n2=%i, division_result=%i, division_left_over=%i, division_result_multiplication=%i ) : 1\n",
n1, n2, division_result [ 0 ], division_left_over [ 0 ], multiplication_result [ 0 ] );
//if (h > n1)
//var compare_result = compare ( h , n1 );
//if ( debug ) p ('divide_int : compare_result = ', compare_result);
//if ( compare_result == -1 )
//if ( greater_than_number_string ( h , n1 ) )
if ( h > n1 )
{
if ( debug ) //p (h, ' > ', n1);
printf ( "%i > %i\n", h, n1);
i--;
h = h - n2 ;
left_over = n1 - h ;
}
if ( debug ) //p ('divide_int ( ', n1, ' , ', n2, ' ) : 2');
printf ( "divide_int ( n1=%i , n2=%i ) : 2\n", n1, n2 );
division_result [ 0 ] = i;
division_left_over [ 0 ] = left_over;
multiplication_result [ 0 ] = h;
if ( debug )
//p ('divide_int ( ', n1, ' , ', n2, ' ) end---division_result=', result.division_result, ', multiplication_result=', h, ', left_over=', left_over);
printf ( "divide_int ( %i, %i ) end---division_result= %i, division_result_multiplication=%i, left_over=%i\n",
n1, n2, division_result [ 0 ], multiplication_result [ 0 ], division_left_over [ 0 ] );
}
================================================================================================================================================================================================
29 jun 2021 7:3 pm edt: end 8 jul 2021 12:44 pm edt
problem : c++ code
string a = "abc";
string b = "" + a [ 0 ];
cout << "b=" << b << endl; //produce output 'b=::_M_insert_aux'
a@2 07:13 PM ~/myfiles/c g++ test.c -g -o test
a@2 07:14 PM ~/myfiles/c ./test
b=::_M_insert_aux
solution :
string a = "abc";
string b;
b = b + a [ 0 ];
cout << "b=" << b << endl; //produce output 'b=a'
a@2 07:13 PM ~/myfiles/c g++ test.c -g -o test
a@2 07:14 PM ~/myfiles/c ./test
b=a
================================================================================================================================================================================================
7 jul 2021 3:21 pm edt:#add# addition 7 jul 2021 3:17 pm edt
================================================================================================================================================================================================
7 jul 2021 3:19 pm edt:#convert to lower-case# 18 september 2017 13:20 edt
================================================================================================================================================================================================
7 jul 2021 6:3 pm edt: end 8 jul 2021 12:43 pm edt
problem : c++ code
string a = 'a'; //test.c:251:14: error: conversion from ‘char’ to non-scalar type ‘std::__cxx11::string {aka std::__cxx11::basic_string}’ requested "string a = 'a';"
cout << "a=" << a << endl;
return 0;
solution :
string a;
a = 'a';
cout << "a=" << a << endl;
return 0;
================================================================================================================================================================================================
8 jul 2021 12:33 pm edt:#add# addition 8 jul 2021 12:31 pm edt
================================================================================================================================================================================================
8 jul 2021 12:39 pm edt:#add# addition 8 jul 2021 12:37 pm edt
================================================================================================================================================================================================
8 jul 2021 12:46 pm edt:
#reword# problem : gcc or g++ ? which is better ? use both.
#to# problem : for c , c++ : gcc or g++ ? which is better ? use both
================================================================================================================================================================================================
11 jul 2021 9:9 am edt: end 9:41 am edt
problem : unite many file to 1 file , extract file to many file ( dis-unite 1 united-file to many file )
solution :
examples:
tar -cf archive.tar foo bar # Create archive.tar from files foo and bar.
tar -cf archive.tar folder
tar -tvf archive.tar # List all files in archive.tar verbosely.
tar -xf archive.tar # Extract all files from archive.tar.
tar -xvjf archive.tar.bz2 -C directory-name # extract file and put those file to directory-name
zip -r file.zip folder-1 1.txt #create file.zip which contain : folder-1 , 1.txt
zip -sf file.zip #see file inside file.zip
unzip file.zip #extract file.zip
unzip file.zip -d #extract-folder #extract file.zip to extract-folder
zip -r file.zip new-folder-1 new-folder-2 new-file-1.txt #add new-folder-1 , new-folder-2 , new-file-1.txt to file.zip
zip -d test.zip 3.txt test1/\* #delete 3.txt , delete folder test1 , from test.zip.
[source : run-command : man zip > man_zip.txt then run-command : nano man_zip.txt , to read man_zip.txt]
tips which allow user to know what is new inside file.zip :
put readme.txt inside file.zip , readme.txt contain history showing date-time and newly-added-folder-name
================================================================================================================================================================================================
12 jul 2021 8:15 am edt:
#add# unzip file.zip -d #extract-folder #extract file.zip to extract-folder
================================================================================================================================================================================================
13 jul 2021 4:4 pm edt:
#add# zip -r file.zip new-folder-1 new-folder-2 new-file-1.txt #add new-folder-1 , new-folder-2 , new-file-1.txt to file.zip
================================================================================================================================================================================================
13 jul 2021 4:7 pm edt:
#reword# problem : unite many file to 1 file , extract file to many file
#to# problem : unite many file to 1 file , extract file to many file ( dis-unite 1 united-file to many file )
================================================================================================================================================================================================
13 jul 2021 4:38 pm edt:
#add# zip -d test.zip 3.txt test1/\* #delete 3.txt , delete folder test1 , from test.zip.
================================================================================================================================================================================================
13 jul 2021 4:42 pm edt:
#reword# zip -r file.zip folder #create file.zip
#to# zip -r file.zip folder-1 1.txt #create file.zip which contain : folder-1 , 1.txt
================================================================================================================================================================================================
13 jul 2021 8:11 pm edt:
#add# tips which allow user to know what is new inside file.zip :
put readme.txt inside file.zip , readme.txt contain history showing date-time and newly-added-folder-name
================================================================================================================================================================================================
14 jul 2021 12:53 pm edt:
#add# [source : run-command : man zip > man_zip.txt then run-command : nano man_zip.txt , to read man_zip.txt]
================================================================================================================================================================================================
14 jul 2021 8:35 pm edt:
problem : how to read user-manual/manual-page for linux-command 'zip' in file rather-than run-command 'man zip' ?
solution :
(1)run-command : man zip > man_zip.txt
(2)run-command : nano man_zip.txt
================================================================================================================================================================================================
21 jul 2021 8:17 am edt:#add# addition 21 jul 2021 8:15 am edt
================================================================================================================================================================================================
21 jul 2021 8:19 am edt:
#reword# (2)a@2 01:19 PM ~ traceroute perkinsrestaurants.com doesn't give helpful information about computer-server-web-site-location.
#to# (3)a@2 01:19 PM ~ traceroute perkinsrestaurants.com doesn't give helpful information about computer-server-web-site-location.
================================================================================================================================================================================================
21 jul 2021 8:21 am edt:
#reword#
(1)example :
a@2 09:27 AM ~ traceroute walmart.com ( tracert walmart.com in microsoft.com->windows )
#to#
(2)example :
a@2 09:27 AM ~ traceroute walmart.com ( tracert walmart.com in microsoft.com->windows )
================================================================================================================================================================================================
21 jul 2021 8:32 am edt:#add# addition 21 jul 2021 8:28 am edt
================================================================================================================================================================================================
21 jul 2021 8:37 am edt:
#add# warning : toolsip.org automatically-show google-map so find 'usa-country->california-night-time-only' , 'burn-and-kill many bird'.
================================================================================================================================================================================================
2 sep 2021 3:46 pm edt:
#reword# ctrl-o y enter save changes.
#to# ctrl-o then press 'enter' to save changes ctrl-o then press 'enter' to save changes .
================================================================================================================================================================================================
2 sep 2021 5:40 pm edt:#add# since starting , sometimes using nano since 2 sep 2021 5:33 pm edt(utc-4)
================================================================================================================================================================================================
2 sep 2021 5:46 pm edt: end 6:7 pm edt
#reword# ctrl-o then press 'enter' to save changes ctrl-o then press 'enter' to save changes .
#to# save changes and stay inside nano : ctrl-o then press 'enter'
================================================================================================================================================================================================
2 sep 2021 6:5 pm edt:(1/2)#simplify# nano editor command cheat sheet
(2/2)#delete under# nano editor command cheat sheet #:#
[addition 21 apr 2020 3:27 pm edt]
nano:find matching-bracket: alt-]
[/addition 21 apr 2020 3:27 pm edt]
================================================================================================================================================================================================
3 sep 2021 10:20 am edt:#add# save changes and quit nano : ctrl-x
3 sep 2021 10:32 am edt:
#reword#
nano editor command cheat sheet
nano cheat sheet
#to#
nano-editor.org editor command cheat sheet
nano-editor.org cheat sheet
================================================================================================================================================================================================
22 sep 2021 6:31 pm edt:#add# addition 22 sep 2021 6:29 pm edt
======================
25 oct 2021 5:26 am edt:#add# [addition 25 oct 2021 5:24 am edt]
========================
25 oct 2021 5:47 am edt:
problem : apt-get install , produce error http://... ... is a broken link ...
solution :
apt-get update
then repeate 'apt-get install' command
=======================
25 oct 2021 7:35 pm edt:
(1/2)#reword# ar p mypackage.deb data.tar.gz | tar zx
#to# tar p mypackage.deb data.tar.gz | tar zx
(2/2)#reword# ar p mypackage.deb data.tar.gz | tar zt
#to# tar p mypackage.deb data.tar.gz | tar zt
========================
25 oct 2021 7:41 pm edt:#add# [addition 25 oct 2021 7:40 pm edt]
========================
26 oct 2021 9:30 am edt:#add# [source : forgotten-person in mirc.com or hexchat.org ; irc-network www.dal.net or freenode.org , channel/chat-room #debian#]
========================
11 jan 2022 2:27 am est:
#add#
bestbuy.com/site/targus-universal-keyboard-cover-for-extra-large-laptops-3-pack-clear/6471244.p?skuId=6471244
===============================
28 jan 2022 4:28 am est:
problem : how to know memory-usage , cpu-usage , inside Linuxmint.com->cinnamon-desktop-manager ?
solution : (1) right-click on bottom-bar where clock show-up but on bottom-bar-portion where there is no icon .
(2) left-click 'add applets to the panel'
(3) download-and-install : (1)simple-memory-monitor
(2)simple-cpu-monitor for 1 cpu
(3)cpu-frequency-applet for multiple cpu ( photo : cinnamon-spices.linuxmint.com/applets/view/70 )
===============================
28 jan 2022 4:35 am est:
#add# left-click 'add applets to the panel'
==================
28 jan 2022 4:39 am est:
#reword# (2)simple-cpu-monitor
#to# (2)simple-cpu-monitor for 1 cpu
(3)cpu-frequency-applet for multiple cpu ( photo : cinnamon-spices.linuxmint.com/applets/view/70 )
===========================
13 may 2022 5:3 pm edt:
problem : in linux/linuxmint.com :
show file-list with sort-order according-to modification-time ( -t ) with most-current modification-time rank 1 ;
human-readable ( -h ) ;
show : modification-time , owner-user-name , owner-group , owner-access-entitlement ( -l ) ;
show file-list then press 'space-bar' to show next file-list ( | more ). [source : send linux-command 'man ls' to linux-computer ]
solution : ls -lth | more
========================================
[addition 22 jun 2022 9:16 pm edt]
problem : show file-list with sort-order according to file-name .
solution : ls -lh | more
[/addition 22 jun 2022 9:16 pm edt]
==========================
13 may 2022 5:17 pm edt:
problem : linux's pdf-reader is what ?
solution : xreader which is derivative/descendant of evince
github.com/linuxmint/xreader/issues
=============================
13 may 2022 9:9 pm edt:
problem : linux's image-viewer/picture-viewer is what ?
solution : xviewer
==============================
27 may 2022 10:26 am edt: end 11:16 am edt
problem : example which internet-page-address/web-page-address/web-page-url , email-address ,
is impostor/fish-bait , genuine/good/real/trust-worthy/high-credibility ?
solution :
for amazon.com ( online-shop ) , bestbuy.com ( physical-and-online-shop-and-computer-recycler ) ,
newegg.com ( online-computer-shop ) , t-mobile.com ( cell-phone-communication-service-seller ) ,
mastercard.com ( debit-and-credit-combo-payment-card ) :
(1)impostor/fish-bait email-address example :
support@1mastercard.com , support@aamazon.com , support@t-mobile.1.com , support@t-mobi1e.com ,
card@newegg.1.com
(2)genuine/good/real/trust-worthy/high-credibility email-address example :
support@www-1.bestbuy.com , support@www1.bestbuy.com , card@1.newegg.com , , card@1.2.3.newegg.com ,
support@mastercard.com , support@amazon.com , support@t-mobile.com
(3)impostor/fish-bait internet-page-address example :
http://1amazon.com/credit-card-entry-form , http://amaz0n.com/credit-card-entry-form ,
http://www-mastercard.com/activate-new-credit-card-form , http://t-mob1le.com/pay-as-u-go-renewal ,
http://t.mobile.com/pay-as-u-go-renewal
(4)genuine/good/real/trust-worthy/high-credibility internet-page-address example :
http://www-us.mastercard.com/credit-card-entry-form , http://1.mastercard.com/new-credit-card-form ,
http://1.2.3.mastercard.com/new-credit-card-form , http://www3.amazon.com/new-credit-card-form ,
http://amazon.com/new-credit-card-form , http://t-mobile.com/pay-as-u-go-renewal
=======================
28 may 2022 3:32 am edt:
problem : how to modify host-name/hostname in linux-computer ?
solution : [source : man hostname]
(1) make file /etc/hosts contain something like this : ( sudo nano /etc/hosts , then control+x , then type 'y' , then press 'enter' )
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.0.1 1.2.3.a 1
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters:
(2) make file /etc/hostname contain something like this : ( sudo nano /etc/hostname , then control+x , then type 'y' , then press 'enter' )
1
(3) ping 1.2.3.a , to test does local-computer recognise full host-name/hostname '1.2.3.a' or not
a@1 02:38 AM ~ ping 1.2.3.a
PING 1.2.3.a (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.026 ms
64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.037 ms
^C
--- 1.2.3.a ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1021ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.026/0.031/0.037/0.007 ms
(4) if internet is dead and : we don't know our ip-address is static-ip/use-certain-ip-address or is dynamic-ip/use-any-ip-address then
sudo dhclient
example :
a@1 03:19 AM ~ ping www.google.com
connect: Network is unreachable
a@1 03:21 AM ~ sudo dhclient
[sudo] password for a:
a@1 03:21 AM ~ ping www.google.com
PING www.google.com (142.250.80.36) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from lga34s34-in-f4.1e100.net (142.250.80.36): icmp_seq=1 ttl=119 time=23.2 ms
64 bytes from lga34s34-in-f4.1e100.net (142.250.80.36): icmp_seq=2 ttl=119 time=14.5 ms
--- www.google.com ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 14.597/18.937/23.278/4.342 ms
=======================================================
22 jun 2022 9:18 pm edt:#add# [addition 22 jun 2022 9:16 pm edt]
============================
30 jun 2022 11:11 am edt: end 4 jul 2022 10:1 pm edt
#add# maybe buy amazon.com/Sungwoo-Foldable-Silicone-Keyboard-Waterproof/dp/B06XHBQ4MB/ref=sr_1_1_sspa?
=======================
4 jul 2022 9:55 pm edt:
problem : during starting hexchat.org-irc-client : hexchat.org-irc-client automatically-connect to some irc-network
solution : click on top-left-menu : 'hexchat' -> 'network-list' -> inside network-list-box : click-to-select 1 network -> click 'edit'
-> uncheck 'connect to this network automatically'
==========================================
4 jul 2022 10:10 pm edt:uploaded to wortel.ucoz.com/howto.htm
==========================================
4 jul 2022 10:25 pm edt:#add# [addition 4 jul 2022 10:26 pm edt]
================================================
4 jul 2022 10:28 pm edt:uploaded to wortel.ucoz.com/howto.htm
=============================================
12 jun 2022 10:18 am edt: end 14 jul 2022 10:7 pm edt:
problem : newly-updated firefox show blank white-color-age during visiting certain internet-page
example : facebook.com/some-company-business-public-page show blank white-color-page ,
tramontina.com->individual-kitchen-knife show blank white-color-page .
[addition 19 feb 2023 11 pm est]
, zipformplus.com ( web-site for signing pdf-like-document which show agreement-text like apartment-rental-price-agreement-text .
[source : apartment-rental-price-agreement-text from my mother mrs-lili-oei/ui's realtor :
showingnew.com/berithmacfarlane . showingnew.com/berithmacfarlane is also my sister's mrs-deborah-tan's realtor ]
[/addition 19 feb 2023 11 pm est]
solution : maybe that means newly-updated firefox can not use firefox-browsing-history-record ( /home/a/.mozilla/profile-name/places.sqlite )
from previous firefox-version .
so download latest-firefox from firefox.com , run that latest-firefox with newly-created-profile-name .
each profile-name contain firefox-browsing-history-record .
running 'firefox' without '-P profile-name' , make firefox run with default/automatic-factory-setting profile-name 'default-release' .
procedure to make latest-firefox show those internet-page ( facebook.com/some-company-business-page , tramontina.com->individual-kitchen-knife )
which was appearing like blank white-color page :
(1) download latest-firefox from firefox.com
(2) create new firefox-internet-browing-profile : send this command to Linux-bash-prompt : 'firefox --ProfileManager'
example new profile name : 'firefox-101-0-1'
(3) run firefox with newly-created-profile-name 'firefox-101-0-1' , send this command to Linux-bash-prompt : 'firefox -P firefox-101-0-1'
(4) visit that certain internet-page which was appearing like blank white-color-page .
now that certain internet-page ideally can appear normally . but firefox-browsing-history-record is new , does not have
firefox-browsing-history-record from previous firefox version .
procedure to see firefox-browing-history-record from previous firefox-version : (optional)
how to make that latest firefox run with firefox-browsing-history-record from previous firefox-version
then see firefox-browsing-history-record ?
(1)find which firefox-browsing-history-record-file has latest browsing-record :
'nano firefox_history_copy.sh' , write this file-content :
#/bin/sh
#to run : prompt>source firefox_history_copy.sh
echo 'copy firefox-history'
cp /home/a/.mozilla/firefox/9dwzihhy.default-release-6/places.sqlite /home/a/myfiles/letters/firefox-history/9dwzihhy.default-release-6_places.sqlite
cp /home/a/.mozilla/firefox/9pfw10md.default-release-10/places.sqlite /home/a/myfiles/letters/firefox-history/9pfw10md.default-release-10_places.sqlite
cp /home/a/.mozilla/firefox/delsp81u.default-release-5/places.sqlite /home/a/myfiles/letters/firefox-history/delsp81u.default-release-5_places.sqlite
cp /home/a/.mozilla/firefox/famkc3v1.default-release-13/places.sqlite /home/a/myfiles/letters/firefox-history/famkc3v1.default-release-13_places.sqlite
cp /home/a/.mozilla/firefox/gqb1xfu1.default-release-11/places.sqlite /home/a/myfiles/letters/firefox-history/gqb1xfu1.default-release-11_places.sqlite
cp /home/a/.mozilla/firefox/kbxn3n50.default-release-14/places.sqlite /home/a/myfiles/letters/firefox-history/kbxn3n50.default-release-14_places.sqlite
cp /home/a/.mozilla/firefox/swmjhd7p.default-release-9/places.sqlite /home/a/myfiles/letters/firefox-history/swmjhd7p.default-release-9_places.sqlite
cp /home/a/.mozilla/firefox/te4tpm7v.default-firefox-44/places.sqlite /home/a/myfiles/letters/firefox-history/te4tpm7v.default-firefox-44_places.sqlite
cp /home/a/.mozilla/firefox/w0mp58go.default-release-3/places.sqlite /home/a/myfiles/letters/firefox-history/w0mp58go.default-release-3_places.sqlite
cp /home/a/.mozilla/firefox/x74oxar8.default-release-4/places.sqlite /home/a/myfiles/letters/firefox-history/x74oxar8.default-release-4_places.sqlite
cp /home/a/.mozilla/firefox/xfvt72t2.default-release-8/places.sqlite /home/a/myfiles/letters/firefox-history/xfvt72t2.default-release-8_places.sqlite
cp /home/a/.mozilla/firefox/xx87fdt0.default-release-2/places.sqlite /home/a/myfiles/letters/firefox-history/xx87fdt0.default-release-2_places.sqlite
cp /home/a/.mozilla/firefox/3b0lbp89.useragent=arnon/places.sqlite /home/a/myfiles/letters/firefox-history/3b0lbp89.useragent=arnon_places.sqlite
cp /home/a/.mozilla/firefox/8cn7gal8.useragent=arnon-firefox-67/places.sqlite
/home/a/myfiles/letters/firefox-history/8cn7gal8.useragent=arnon-firefox-67_places.sqlite
cp /home/a/.mozilla/firefox/zdkuwgkq.default-release/places.sqlite /home/a/myfiles/letters/firefox-history/zdkuwgkq.default-release
(2) make that firefox_history_copy.sh become executable-file :
'chmod u+x firefox_history_copy.sh'
(3) run that firefox_history_copy.sh to copy all firefox-history-file to 1 directory .
so copy many places.sqlite from /home/a/.mozilla/firefox/many-profile-name/places.sqlite
to /home/a/myfiles/letters/firefox-history :
'source ./firefox_history_copy.sh'
(4) show list of firefox-history-file , usually largest file-size has latest firefox-browsing-history-record .
a@1 08:52 PM ~/myfiles ls letters/firefox-history/ -lht | more
total 176M
-rw-r--r-- 1 a a 40M Jun 12 09:08 zdkuwgkq.default-release_places.sqlite
-rw-r--r-- 1 a a 10M Jun 12 09:08 8cn7gal8.useragent=arnon-firefox-67_places.sqlite
-rw-r--r-- 1 a a 10M Jun 12 09:08 3b0lbp89.useragent=arnon_places.sqlite
-rw-r--r-- 1 a a 5.0M Jun 12 09:08 xx87fdt0.default-release-2_places.sqlite
-rw-r--r-- 1 a a 5.0M Jun 12 09:08 xfvt72t2.default-release-8_places.sqlite
-rw-r--r-- 1 a a 5.0M Jun 12 09:08 x74oxar8.default-release-4_places.sqlite
-rw-r--r-- 1 a a 5.0M Jun 12 09:08 w0mp58go.default-release-3_places.sqlite
-rw-r--r-- 1 a a 10M Jun 12 09:08 te4tpm7v.default-firefox-44_places.sqlite
-rw-r--r-- 1 a a 5.0M Jun 12 09:08 swmjhd7p.default-release-9_places.sqlite
-rw-r--r-- 1 a a 5.0M Jun 12 09:08 kbxn3n50.default-release-14_places.sqlite
-rw-r--r-- 1 a a 5.0M Jun 12 09:08 gqb1xfu1.default-release-11_places.sqlite
-rw-r--r-- 1 a a 5.0M Jun 12 09:08 famkc3v1.default-release-13_places.sqlite
-rw-r--r-- 1 a a 5.0M Jun 12 09:08 delsp81u.default-release-5_places.sqlite
-rw-r--r-- 1 a a 5.0M Jun 12 09:08 9pfw10md.default-release-10_places.sqlite
-rw-r--r-- 1 a a 5.0M Jun 12 09:08 9dwzihhy.default-release-6_places.sqlite
-rw-r--r-- 1 a a 5.0M Jun 12 09:03 8ncrf9ld.default-release-12_places.sqlite
-rw-r--r-- 1 a a 5.0M Jun 12 09:03 7szhrdvk.default-release-1_places.sqlite
-rw-r--r-- 1 a a 5.0M Jun 12 09:03 53at0hmt.default-release-7_places.sqlite
-rw-r--r-- 1 a a 5.0M Jun 12 09:03 2durycp3.default-release-15_places.sqlite
-rw-r--r-- 1 a a 5.0M Jun 12 09:03 vwehhw65.default-release-16_places.sqlite
-rw-r--r-- 1 a a 20M Jun 12 09:03 qujcjttj.firefox-44-user-agent=arnon-1605642215177_places.sqlite
-rw-r--r-- 1 a a 5.0M Jun 12 09:02 mwad0hks_places.sqlite
-rw-r--r-- 1 a a 5.0M Jun 12 08:09 places.sqlite
(5) so largest firefox-browsing-history-record-file is : '-rw-r--r-- 1 a a 40M Jun 12 09:08 zdkuwgkq.default-release_places.sqlite'
run latest firefox with that firefox-browsing-history-record-file :
a@1 08:42 PM ~/myfiles/firefox/firefox-101.0.1 ./firefox-bin -P default-release
(6) if using latest-firefox with firefox-browsing-history-record-file from previous firefox-version
then do not visit new internet-page which will add new internet-(url/uniform-resource-locator)-address
to firefox-browing-history-record-file 'places.sqlite' from previous firefox-version .
because latest-firefox often can not add new internet-url-address to firefox-browing-history-record-file from previous firefox-version ,
producing problem : latest-firefox become non-responsive , cpu-usage become 100 % ,
firefox-browing-history-record-file 'places.sqlite' inside directory/folder /home/a/.mozilla/profile-name/
revert to initial-size/original-size/factory-setting-size so firefox-browing-history-record from previous firefox-version
is gone/discarded .
so back-up that firefox-browing-history-record-file 'places.sqlite' inside directory/folder /home/a/.mozilla/profile-name/
( copy that firefox-browing-history-record-file /home/a/.mozilla/profile-name/places.sqlite
to some other directory/folder for back-up file )
================================
25 jul 2022 3:27 pm edt:
problem : Linux's text-only internet-browser is what software ?
solution : Lynx
=============================
4 sep 2022 5:14 pm edt:
#reword# show file-list with order according-to modification-time ( -t ) with most-current modification-time rank 1 ;
#to# show file-list with sort-order according-to modification-time ( -t ) with most-current modification-time rank 1 ;
#reword# Find 10 largest file in linux
#to# Find 10 largest file in linux with sort-order according to file-size in descending order
==================================
11 nov 2022 10:57 pm est:
problem : rename file-name which contain ';'
solution : example : rename 'Fisika ; listrik magnet dan optik 537.pdf' to 'fisika_listrik_magnet_optik_537.pdf'
a@1 10:55 PM ~/myfiles/letter/pdf mv Fisika\ \;\ listrik\ magnet\ dan\ optik\ 537.pdf fisika_listrik_magnet_optik_537.pdf
==================================
2 dec 2022 4:59 pm est: end 3 dec 2022 10:13 pm est
problem : Linuxmint.com->cinnamon-gui-manager->calendar-date-format for date-time on bottom-right-corner-of-screen inside cinnamon-gui-manager
solution :
#date-format# , #dateformat#
---foragoodstrftime.com
Friday , Dec 02 : %A , %b %d
12 / 02 / 2022 : %m / %d / %Y
12 - 2 - 22 21:42 : %m - %e - %y %H:%M
Dec 2 , 9:42 PM : %b %e , %l:%M %p
December 2022 : %B %Y
Dec 02 , 2022 : %b %d , %Y
Fri , 2 Dec 2022 21:42:28 +0000 : %a , %e %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z
2022-12-02T 9:42:28+0000 : %Y-%m-%dT%l:%M:%S%z
09:42:28 PM : %I:%M:%S %p
21:42:28 : %H:%M:%S
2 Dec 2022 21:42:28 PM : %e %b %Y %H:%M:%S %p
02.12.22 : %d.%m.%y
Friday , 02 Dec 2022 9:42 PM : %A , %d %b %Y %l:%M %p
Fri 2 Dec 2022 9:42 pm+0000 : %a %e %b %Y %l:%M %p %z
===========================
3 dec 2022 9:52 pm est: end 10:12 pm est
problem : in Linux :
how to safely-copy/clone file to new clone-file without accidentally-over-write existing file ?
how to safely-rename file to new file-name without accidentally-over-write existing file which has same file-name ?
solution :
to copy file ( to create clone-file with different file-name ) :
(1)cp -i origin_file clone_file [source : man cp ]
(2)press 'y' to continue with over-write , press 'n' to cancel .
to rename file : (1)mv -i current_file_name new_file_name [source : man mv ]
(2)press 'y' to continue with over-write , press 'n' to cancel .
opinion : option '-i' ideally-become (initial/default)-setting for Linux-command '/bin/cp' , '/bin/mv' .
[addition 26 aug 2023 8:41 pm est-not-edt]
how to make linuxmint.com-18.2-sonya automatically-think 'cp' command has meaning 'cp -i' , 'mv' command has meaning 'mv -i' :
(1)on end-of-file /etc/bash.bashrc : scribe this code :
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 'cp' command has meaning 'cp -i' , 'mv' command has meaning 'mv -i' :
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
alias cp='cp -iv' # Preferred 'cp' implementation
alias mv='mv -iv' # Preferred 'mv' implementation
[source : ---gist.github.com/thanhp175/c26c84dc8b407bd09377154aa6d86fd7 from google ( create system wide alias mv mv -i ) result 1 ]
(2)do linux-command 'reboot' ( maybe needed ) or do linux-command 'source /etc/bash.bashrc'
[/addition 26 aug 2023 8:41 pm est-not-edt]
==============================
5 jan 2023 9:18 pm est:#add# [addition 5 jan 2023 9:17 pm est]
==============================
13 jan 2023 9:48 pm est: end 14 jan 2023 12:4 am est
problem : is there any linux-book-collection-in-pdf-format in internet , bundled in tar-format ?
solution :
(1)my linux-book-collection-in-pdf-format :
drive.google.com/file/d/144UYyV2e1tXJFhblrT3M1i-i5esof1bL/view?usp=share_link
has tar-file containing linux-book-collection-in-pdf-format .
(2)find 'tar -xf archive.tar # Extract all files from archive.tar.'
to extract that tar-file then use pdf-reader to read those linux-book-collection-in-pdf-format .
using those linux-book-collection-in-pdf-format to study linuxmint.com which is free-of-invoice ,
maybe divert attention from drug-addiction , cigarette-addicition , to : unix-system-administration , c-programming .
example how unix-system-admin-skill can become useful :
(1)creating online-usb-drive ( ftp-server ) , which decrease risk-of-losing usb-drive ( sometimes usb-drive-owner buy usb-drive then
store usb-drive in forgotten-storage ) .
(2)creating web-hosting
example : possible scenario with 1,000 ssh-server . procedure :
(1) with operating-system linuxmint.com create multiple ssh-server with host-name : s-1 , s-2 , s-3 , etc ...
(2) if there is 100,000 member then there is 100,000 user-account in all shh-server .
so s-1 has 100,000 user-account , s-2 has 100,000 user-account , etc ...
every-time admin see internet-page traffic showing all server is fully-occupied , no vacancy : that admin build new computer to become new ssh-server ,
with empty file , but contain 100,000 user-account .
that computer has mother-board which can have many pci-network-card , can have multiple ip-address ,
so maybe can have more than 10 maximum-ssh-connection , maybe 1 pci-network-card ( 1 ip-address ) can accept 10 maximum-ssh-connection .
(3) set maximum-ssh-connection , maximum ftp-connection s-1 to 10 .
(4) if 11-th user-account wanting to connect-via-ssh to s-1 then 11-th user-account get ssh-reply-time-out .
11-th user-account visit internet-page 'traffic' which is being served from host-name 'traffic'
to see which ssh-server is vacant , not getting maximum-ssh-connection .
(5) 11-th user-account see s-9 is not fully-occupied , has vacancy , according to internet-page 'traffic' .
11-th user-account connect-via-ssh to s-9 . 11-th user-account transfer-via-scp his/her file from s-1 to s-9 .
then start working with that file on s-9 with nano-editor.org .
(6) every server in those 1,000 server , contain 100,000 user-account .
every user has responsibility to remember/memorise which server-number contain that user's file .
every server-number has apache-internet-server , so user can have multiple internet-page :
s-1/~user-11/homepage.htm , s-9/~user-11/homepage.htm , s-11/~user-11/homepage.htm
maybe there are server with focus-duty : accepting internet-page-visitor , so those server is only for internet-server :
host-name is-1 , is-2 , ( meaning internet-server-1 , internet-server-2 ) .
(7) user can use irrsi-irc-client in any ssh-server then chat with ssh-client like putty .
(8) maybe in the future there is internet-page-with-login which show which computer-name contain file-name which belong to certain user-account .
(9) if computer-server is hacked and suffer file-corruption and need re-installation then staff just re-install operating-system ,
put 100,000 user-account . staff does not do backup-recovery .
[addition 18 jan 2023 8:48 pm est]
(10) kvm-switch can make 1 keyboard-and-mouse-and-computer-monitor , control maximum maybe 5 computer-desktop .
[source : i know kvm-switch from my previous job-position in iastate.edu->veterinary-diagnostics-laboratory ]
[/addition 18 jan 2023 8:48 pm est]
maybe group-of-linuxmint.com-computer can have 7.6 billion unix-user-account , can stabilise world-economy
( 0 economy-growth , 0 instability , 0 unexpected-forest-fire/non-slash-and-burn-agriculture-fire ) .
because earth-population : 7.6 billion people [source : google ( earth population ) ] .
i use linuxmint.com so i have bias/leaning-to/has-preference-under-pressure-because-i-have-no-complain-even-though-boring-sometimes
toward linuxmint.com . i choose linuxmint.com which has apt/debian-package-management because apt/debian-package-management is 1-st package-management
in unix-history . pkgng/pkg/freebsd.org-package-management exist starting 20 jan 2014 . [source : 'pkg' in en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeBSD#4_apr_2022_4_21_am_edt ]
my 1-st-linux-distro is redhat.com .
because i study computer-programming in cs.iastate.edu which use redhat.com .
then i see gentoo.org has popularity-ranking-1 in distrowatch.com . i know distrowatch.com from slashdot.org .
redhat.com did not have package-management for a while then eventually
redhat.com maybe copy-cat debian-package-management and produce yum .
debian.org has nice package-management but debian.org-installation was not user-friendly ,
ubuntu.com is debian.org-with-sugar-coat , linuxmint.com is ubuntu.com-with-more-sugar-coat .
i play user-friendly-video-game on microsoft.com-windows and that's why i seek user-friendly-linux .
but now i realise sugar-coated-user-friendly-linux linuxmint.com maybe has more curse than bare-bone-linux debian.org , 'devuan.org' .
just like having car with complicated double-wishbone-suspension
produce higher curse ( more complicated life-destiny ) than having car with simpler strut-suspension .
maybe full-time-cow-meat-consumer can not use linux-with-nice-package-manager linuxmint.com , debian.org , ubuntu.com , redhat.com .
maybe peta.org is correct about vegan-propaganda . there is vegan-cookie now to help ppl become vegan .
sometimes i feel doomed if i see left-over cow-meat , chicken-meat ( which my mother sometimes cook ) about to go to garbage-container ,
because that means i'm destined to consume that cow-meat , chicken-meat because that cow-meat , chicken-meat already has
cooking-gas/hydro-carbon-gas/propane-methane-butane-gas-expenditure-receipt .
discarding cooked-animal-flesh , maybe equal-to discarding cooking-gas/hydro-carbon-gas/propane-methane-butane-gas .
maybe
(1)linux-programmer with history-working-in-redhat.com like ingo-molnar [source : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingo_Moln%C3%A1r ]
(2)qt.io/qt-c-library-maker which is being used by linux's kde.org-desktop-manager , Eirik--Chambe-Eng
[source : Eirik--Chambe-Eng's facebook-photo show him with birth-day-samuel-german-chocolate-mousse-cake ( samuel-german is person's name not-related-to german-country . [source : 'samuel german' in en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_chocolate_cake#29_dec_2022_10_pm_est ] . ) on table in-front-of him : facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10154064483389057&set=pb.513774056.-2207520000.&type=3
and other photo showing fish , lamb but not cow-meat .
eirik--chambe-eng saying qt-stuff
(1)https://www.facebook.com/eirik.chambeeng/posts/pfbid0JA64ZP4ndVScycvK8J3EQnwQ9g2En3vE2jbRvaDezqWsdARkDks9JoUEb3DZzMbpl
(2)https://www.facebook.com/eirik.chambeeng/posts/pfbid0FJrSNk9n1N9GwdYJDGEVCfye773G71WMhVqAcdCWyfcdvDSnza2o8DRPfnzt5Jdnl
[source : 'Eirik Chambe-Eng' in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qt_(software)#History_of_Qt from 'qt (software)'
in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QT#29_dec_2022_2_42_pm_est ] ]
(3)gnu.org-c-library-programmer aurélien-jarno-computer [source : aurel32.net/info/machines.php.en from google ( Jarno Aurélien ) result 1 ]
(4)dictator-programmer with history-working-in redhat.com-company , GoldmanSachs.com : ulrich-drepper : https://urchin.earth.li/~twic/Ulrich_Drepper_Is_A_.html
from google ( ulrich drepper ) result 5 from 'Ulrich Drepper', 'dictator' in blog.aurel32.net/47 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_C_Library#cite_ref-aur_21-0
does not consume cow-meat , does not consume chicken-meat , and consume cheese-pizza , consume chicken-egg
then somehow automatically-curse redhat.com-with-kde.org-desktop-manager-user which consume cow-meat .
maybe someday sony-playstation release sony-bsd which is sony-playstation-operating-system .
i use gentoo.org then i realise gentoo.org consume high electricity-ampere to produce high cpu-usage during compiling software
during every software-install .
i realise debian-package-management has nice-feature like gentoo.org-package-management but without-compile so cpu-usage remain low so
debian-package-management produce efficient electricity-ampere-expenditure .
==============================
18 jan 2023 8:49 pm est:#add# [addition 18 jan 2023 8:48 pm est]
==============================
8 feb 2023 11:30 am est:#add# [addition 8 feb 2023 11:27 am est]
==============================
9 feb 2023 2:34 pm est:
problem : linux-command 'sudo systemctl unmask service-name' do nothing .
example :
linux-command 'sudo systemctl unmask hwclock' do nothing .
linux-command 'systemctl list-unit-files' show 'hwclock'-service-status is still 'mask' .
solution :
a@1 02:40 PM ~ file /lib/systemd/system/hwclock.service
/lib/systemd/system/hwclock.service: symbolic link to /dev/null
a@1 02:40 PM ~
and that has meaning hwclock.service point to /dev/null , which has meaning hwclock.service point to nothing .
so create /lib/systemd/system/hwclock.service , with file-content :
make-sure /etc/init.d/hwclock.sh , contain something like :
so to run hwclock , use other way other than 'sudo systemctl unmask service-name'
[source : https://askubuntu.com/questions/804946/systemctl-how-to-unmask from google ( debian unmask hwclock ) result 1 ]
====================================
9 feb 2023 2:41 pm est:#add# addition 9 feb 2023 2:27 pm est
19 feb 2023 11:4 pm est:#add# [addition 19 feb 2023 11 pm est]
==========================================
23 apr 2023 4:45 pm est-not-edt :
problem : how to find gateway-ip-address or router-ip-address
solution : arp -n
==========================================
7 may 2023 11:30 pm est-not-edt :
problem : url-internet-browser which show current-time in (simple/minimalist)-non-java-script-format ? #current-time#
solution :
(1) usa->new-york-city : timeapi.io/api/Time/current/zone?timeZone=America/New_York#7_may_2023_11_29_pm_est_not_edt
(2) indonesia->jakarta-city : timeapi.io/api/Time/current/zone?timeZone=Asia/Jakarta#7_may_2023_11_39_pm_est_not_edt
[source : (1)timeapi.io/swagger/index.html from google ( Free current time API ) result 2 from bottom-page-related-searches 'free current time api' from google ( current time rest web service )
(2)timeapi.io/documentation/iana-timezones from timeapi.io->resources->iana-timezones ]
std = standard-time-zone , dst = daylight-time-zone
iana-time-zone-keyword UTC-offset-(STD) UTC-offset-(DST) Abbreviation-(STD) Abbreviation-(DST)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Africa/Abidjan +00:00 GMT
Africa/Accra +00:00 GMT
Africa/Addis_Ababa +03:00 EAT
Africa/Algiers +01:00 CET
Africa/Asmara +03:00 EAT
Africa/Asmera +03:00 EAT
Africa/Bamako +00:00 GMT
Africa/Bangui +01:00 WAT
Africa/Banjul +00:00 GMT
Africa/Bissau +00:00 GMT
Africa/Blantyre +02:00 CAT
Africa/Brazzaville +01:00 WAT
Africa/Bujumbura +02:00 CAT
Africa/Cairo +02:00 EET
Africa/Casablanca +01:00 +00:00 +01 +00
Africa/Ceuta +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Africa/Conakry +00:00 GMT
Africa/Dakar +00:00 GMT
Africa/Dar_es_Salaam +03:00 EAT
Africa/Djibouti +03:00 EAT
Africa/Douala +01:00 WAT
Africa/El_Aaiun +01:00 +00:00 +01 +00
Africa/Freetown +00:00 GMT
Africa/Gaborone +02:00 CAT
Africa/Harare +02:00 CAT
Africa/Johannesburg +02:00 SAST
Africa/Juba +02:00 CAT
Africa/Kampala +03:00 EAT
Africa/Khartoum +02:00 CAT
Africa/Kigali +02:00 CAT
Africa/Kinshasa +01:00 WAT
Africa/Lagos +01:00 WAT
Africa/Libreville +01:00 WAT
Africa/Lome +00:00 GMT
Africa/Luanda +01:00 WAT
Africa/Lubumbashi +02:00 CAT
Africa/Lusaka +02:00 CAT
Africa/Malabo +01:00 WAT
Africa/Maputo +02:00 CAT
Africa/Maseru +02:00 SAST
Africa/Mbabane +02:00 SAST
Africa/Mogadishu +03:00 EAT
Africa/Monrovia +00:00 GMT
Africa/Nairobi +03:00 EAT
Africa/Ndjamena +01:00 WAT
Africa/Niamey +01:00 WAT
Africa/Nouakchott +00:00 GMT
Africa/Ouagadougou +00:00 GMT
Africa/Porto-Novo +01:00 WAT
Africa/Sao_Tome +00:00 GMT
Africa/Timbuktu +00:00 GMT
Africa/Tripoli +02:00 EET
Africa/Tunis +01:00 CET
Africa/Windhoek +02:00 CAT
America/Adak -10:00 -09:00 HST HDT
America/Anchorage -09:00 -08:00 AKST AKDT
America/Anguilla -04:00 AST
America/Antigua -04:00 AST
America/Araguaina -03:00 -03
America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -03:00 -03
America/Argentina/Catamarca -03:00 -03
America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia -03:00 -03
America/Argentina/Cordoba -03:00 -03
America/Argentina/Jujuy -03:00 -03
America/Argentina/La_Rioja -03:00 -03
America/Argentina/Mendoza -03:00 -03
America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -03:00 -03
America/Argentina/Salta -03:00 -03
America/Argentina/San_Juan -03:00 -03
America/Argentina/San_Luis -03:00 -03
America/Argentina/Tucuman -03:00 -03
America/Argentina/Ushuaia -03:00 -03
America/Aruba -04:00 AST
America/Asuncion -04:00 -03:00 -04 -03
America/Atikokan -05:00 EST
America/Atka -10:00 -09:00 HST HDT
America/Bahia -03:00 -03
America/Bahia_Banderas -06:00 CST
America/Barbados -04:00 AST
America/Belem -03:00 -03
America/Belize -06:00 CST
America/Blanc-Sablon -04:00 AST
America/Boa_Vista -04:00 -04
America/Bogota -05:00 -05
America/Boise -07:00 -06:00 MST MDT
America/Buenos_Aires -03:00 -03
America/Cambridge_Bay -07:00 -06:00 MST MDT
America/Campo_Grande -04:00 -04
America/Cancun -05:00 EST
America/Caracas -04:00 -04
America/Catamarca -03:00 -03
America/Cayenne -03:00 -03
America/Cayman -05:00 EST
America/Chicago -06:00 -05:00 CST CDT
America/Chihuahua -06:00 CST
America/Coral_Harbour -05:00 EST
America/Cordoba -03:00 -03
America/Costa_Rica -06:00 CST
America/Creston -07:00 MST
America/Cuiaba -04:00 -04
America/Curacao -04:00 AST
America/Danmarkshavn +00:00 GMT
America/Dawson -07:00 MST
America/Dawson_Creek -07:00 MST
America/Denver -07:00 -06:00 MST MDT
America/Detroit -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
America/Dominica -04:00 AST
America/Edmonton -07:00 -06:00 MST MDT
America/Eirunepe -05:00 -05
America/El_Salvador -06:00 CST
America/Ensenada -08:00 -07:00 PST PDT
America/Fort_Nelson -07:00 MST
America/Fort_Wayne -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
America/Fortaleza -03:00 -03
America/Glace_Bay -04:00 -03:00 AST ADT
America/Godthab -03:00 -02:00 -03 -02
America/Goose_Bay -04:00 -03:00 AST ADT
America/Grand_Turk -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
America/Grenada -04:00 AST
America/Guadeloupe -04:00 AST
America/Guatemala -06:00 CST
America/Guayaquil -05:00 -05
America/Guyana -04:00 -04
America/Halifax -04:00 -03:00 AST ADT
America/Havana -05:00 -04:00 CST CDT
America/Hermosillo -07:00 MST
America/Indiana/Indianapolis -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
America/Indiana/Knox -06:00 -05:00 CST CDT
America/Indiana/Marengo -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
America/Indiana/Petersburg -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
America/Indiana/Tell_City -06:00 -05:00 CST CDT
America/Indiana/Vevay -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
America/Indiana/Vincennes -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
America/Indiana/Winamac -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
America/Indianapolis -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
America/Inuvik -07:00 -06:00 MST MDT
America/Iqaluit -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
America/Jamaica -05:00 EST
America/Jujuy -03:00 -03
America/Juneau -09:00 -08:00 AKST AKDT
America/Kentucky/Louisville -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
America/Kentucky/Monticello -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
America/Knox_IN -06:00 -05:00 CST CDT
America/Kralendijk -04:00 AST
America/La_Paz -04:00 -04
America/Lima -05:00 -05
America/Los_Angeles -08:00 -07:00 PST PDT
America/Louisville -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
America/Lower_Princes -04:00 AST
America/Maceio -03:00 -03
America/Managua -06:00 CST
America/Manaus -04:00 -04
America/Marigot -04:00 AST
America/Martinique -04:00 AST
America/Matamoros -06:00 -05:00 CST CDT
America/Mazatlan -07:00 MST
America/Mendoza -03:00 -03
America/Menominee -06:00 -05:00 CST CDT
America/Merida -06:00 CST
America/Metlakatla -09:00 -08:00 AKST AKDT
America/Mexico_City -06:00 CST
America/Miquelon -03:00 -02:00 -03 -02
America/Moncton -04:00 -03:00 AST ADT
America/Monterrey -06:00 CST
America/Montevideo -03:00 -03
America/Montreal -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
America/Montserrat -04:00 AST
America/Nassau -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
America/New_York -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
America/Nipigon -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
America/Nome -09:00 -08:00 AKST AKDT
America/Noronha -02:00 -02
America/North_Dakota/Beulah -06:00 -05:00 CST CDT
America/North_Dakota/Center -06:00 -05:00 CST CDT
America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -06:00 -05:00 CST CDT
America/Nuuk -03:00 -02:00 -03 -02
America/Ojinaga -06:00 CST
America/Panama -05:00 EST
America/Pangnirtung -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
America/Paramaribo -03:00 -03
America/Phoenix -07:00 MST
America/Port_of_Spain -04:00 AST
America/Port-au-Prince -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
America/Porto_Acre -05:00 -05
America/Porto_Velho -04:00 -04
America/Puerto_Rico -04:00 AST
America/Punta_Arenas -03:00 -03
America/Rainy_River -06:00 -05:00 CST CDT
America/Rankin_Inlet -06:00 -05:00 CST CDT
America/Recife -03:00 -03
America/Regina -06:00 CST
America/Resolute -06:00 -05:00 CST CDT
America/Rio_Branco -05:00 -05
America/Rosario -03:00 -03
America/Santa_Isabel -08:00 -07:00 PST PDT
America/Santarem -03:00 -03
America/Santiago -04:00 -03:00 -04 -03
America/Santo_Domingo -04:00 AST
America/Sao_Paulo -03:00 -03
America/Scoresbysund -01:00 +00:00 -01 +00
America/Shiprock -07:00 -06:00 MST MDT
America/Sitka -09:00 -08:00 AKST AKDT
America/St_Barthelemy -04:00 AST
America/St_Johns -03:30 -02:30 NST NDT
America/St_Kitts -04:00 AST
America/St_Lucia -04:00 AST
America/St_Thomas -04:00 AST
America/St_Vincent -04:00 AST
America/Swift_Current -06:00 CST
America/Tegucigalpa -06:00 CST
America/Thule -04:00 -03:00 AST ADT
America/Thunder_Bay -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
America/Tijuana -08:00 -07:00 PST PDT
America/Toronto -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
America/Tortola -04:00 AST
America/Vancouver -08:00 -07:00 PST PDT
America/Virgin -04:00 AST
America/Whitehorse -07:00 MST
America/Winnipeg -06:00 -05:00 CST CDT
America/Yakutat -09:00 -08:00 AKST AKDT
America/Yellowknife -07:00 -06:00 MST MDT
Antarctica/Casey +11:00 +11
Antarctica/Davis +07:00 +07
Antarctica/DumontDUrville +10:00 +10
Antarctica/Macquarie +10:00 +11:00 AEST AEDT
Antarctica/Mawson +05:00 +05
Antarctica/McMurdo +12:00 +13:00 NZST NZDT
Antarctica/Palmer -03:00 -03
Antarctica/Rothera -03:00 -03
Antarctica/South_Pole +12:00 +13:00 NZST NZDT
Antarctica/Syowa +03:00 +03
Antarctica/Troll +00:00 +02:00 +00 +02
Antarctica/Vostok +06:00 +06
Arctic/Longyearbyen +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Asia/Aden +03:00 +03
Asia/Almaty +06:00 +06
Asia/Amman +03:00 +03
Asia/Anadyr +12:00 +12
Asia/Aqtau +05:00 +05
Asia/Aqtobe +05:00 +05
Asia/Ashgabat +05:00 +05
Asia/Ashkhabad +05:00 +05
Asia/Atyrau +05:00 +05
Asia/Baghdad +03:00 +03
Asia/Bahrain +03:00 +03
Asia/Baku +04:00 +04
Asia/Bangkok +07:00 +07
Asia/Barnaul +07:00 +07
Asia/Beirut +02:00 +03:00 EET EEST
Asia/Bishkek +06:00 +06
Asia/Brunei +08:00 +08
Asia/Calcutta +05:30 IST
Asia/Chita +09:00 +09
Asia/Choibalsan +08:00 +08
Asia/Chongqing +08:00 CST
Asia/Chungking +08:00 CST
Asia/Colombo +05:30 +0530
Asia/Dacca +06:00 +06
Asia/Damascus +03:00 +03
Asia/Dhaka +06:00 +06
Asia/Dili +09:00 +09
Asia/Dubai +04:00 +04
Asia/Dushanbe +05:00 +05
Asia/Famagusta +02:00 +03:00 EET EEST
Asia/Gaza +02:00 +03:00 EET EEST
Asia/Harbin +08:00 CST
Asia/Hebron +02:00 +03:00 EET EEST
Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh +07:00 +07
Asia/Hong_Kong +08:00 HKT
Asia/Hovd +07:00 +07
Asia/Irkutsk +08:00 +08
Asia/Istanbul +03:00 +03
Asia/Jakarta +07:00 WIB
Asia/Jayapura +09:00 WIT
Asia/Jerusalem +02:00 +03:00 IST IDT
Asia/Kabul +04:30 +0430
Asia/Kamchatka +12:00 +12
Asia/Karachi +05:00 PKT
Asia/Kashgar +06:00 +06
Asia/Kathmandu +05:45 +0545
Asia/Katmandu +05:45 +0545
Asia/Khandyga +09:00 +09
Asia/Kolkata +05:30 IST
Asia/Krasnoyarsk +07:00 +07
Asia/Kuala_Lumpur +08:00 +08
Asia/Kuching +08:00 +08
Asia/Kuwait +03:00 +03
Asia/Macao +08:00 CST
Asia/Macau +08:00 CST
Asia/Magadan +11:00 +11
Asia/Makassar +08:00 WITA
Asia/Manila +08:00 PST
Asia/Muscat +04:00 +04
Asia/Nicosia +02:00 +03:00 EET EEST
Asia/Novokuznetsk +07:00 +07
Asia/Novosibirsk +07:00 +07
Asia/Omsk +06:00 +06
Asia/Oral +05:00 +05
Asia/Phnom_Penh +07:00 +07
Asia/Pontianak +07:00 WIB
Asia/Pyongyang +09:00 KST
Asia/Qatar +03:00 +03
Asia/Qostanay +06:00 +06
Asia/Qyzylorda +05:00 +05
Asia/Rangoon +06:30 +0630
Asia/Riyadh +03:00 +03
Asia/Saigon +07:00 +07
Asia/Sakhalin +11:00 +11
Asia/Samarkand +05:00 +05
Asia/Seoul +09:00 KST
Asia/Shanghai +08:00 CST
Asia/Singapore +08:00 +08
Asia/Srednekolymsk +11:00 +11
Asia/Taipei +08:00 CST
Asia/Tashkent +05:00 +05
Asia/Tbilisi +04:00 +04
Asia/Tehran +03:30 +0330
Asia/Tel_Aviv +02:00 +03:00 IST IDT
Asia/Thimbu +06:00 +06
Asia/Thimphu +06:00 +06
Asia/Tokyo +09:00 JST
Asia/Tomsk +07:00 +07
Asia/Ujung_Pandang +08:00 WITA
Asia/Ulaanbaatar +08:00 +08
Asia/Ulan_Bator +08:00 +08
Asia/Urumqi +06:00 +06
Asia/Ust-Nera +10:00 +10
Asia/Vientiane +07:00 +07
Asia/Vladivostok +10:00 +10
Asia/Yakutsk +09:00 +09
Asia/Yangon +06:30 +0630
Asia/Yekaterinburg +05:00 +05
Asia/Yerevan +04:00 +04
Atlantic/Azores -01:00 +00:00 -01 +00
Atlantic/Bermuda -04:00 -03:00 AST ADT
Atlantic/Canary +00:00 +01:00 WET WEST
Atlantic/Cape_Verde -01:00 -01
Atlantic/Faeroe +00:00 +01:00 WET WEST
Atlantic/Faroe +00:00 +01:00 WET WEST
Atlantic/Jan_Mayen +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Atlantic/Madeira +00:00 +01:00 WET WEST
Atlantic/Reykjavik +00:00 GMT
Atlantic/South_Georgia -02:00 -02
Atlantic/St_Helena +00:00 GMT
Atlantic/Stanley -03:00 -03
Australia/ACT +10:00 +11:00 AEST AEDT
Australia/Adelaide +09:30 +10:30 ACST ACDT
Australia/Brisbane +10:00 AEST
Australia/Broken_Hill +09:30 +10:30 ACST ACDT
Australia/Canberra +10:00 +11:00 AEST AEDT
Australia/Currie +10:00 +11:00 AEST AEDT
Australia/Darwin +09:30 ACST
Australia/Eucla +08:45 +0845
Australia/Hobart +10:00 +11:00 AEST AEDT
Australia/LHI +10:30 +11:00 +1030 +11
Australia/Lindeman +10:00 AEST
Australia/Lord_Howe +10:30 +11:00 +1030 +11
Australia/Melbourne +10:00 +11:00 AEST AEDT
Australia/North +09:30 ACST
Australia/NSW +10:00 +11:00 AEST AEDT
Australia/Perth +08:00 AWST
Australia/Queensland +10:00 AEST
Australia/South +09:30 +10:30 ACST ACDT
Australia/Sydney +10:00 +11:00 AEST AEDT
Australia/Tasmania +10:00 +11:00 AEST AEDT
Australia/Victoria +10:00 +11:00 AEST AEDT
Australia/West +08:00 AWST
Australia/Yancowinna +09:30 +10:30 ACST ACDT
Brazil/Acre -05:00 -05
Brazil/DeNoronha -02:00 -02
Brazil/East -03:00 -03
Brazil/West -04:00 -04
Canada/Atlantic -04:00 -03:00 AST ADT
Canada/Central -06:00 -05:00 CST CDT
Canada/Eastern -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
Canada/Mountain -07:00 -06:00 MST MDT
Canada/Newfoundland -03:30 -02:30 NST NDT
Canada/Pacific -08:00 -07:00 PST PDT
Canada/Saskatchewan -06:00 CST
Canada/Yukon -07:00 MST
CET +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Chile/Continental -04:00 -03:00 -04 -03
Chile/EasterIsland -06:00 -05:00 -06 -05
CST6CDT -06:00 -05:00 CST CDT
Cuba -05:00 -04:00 CST CDT
EET +02:00 +03:00 EET EEST
Egypt +02:00 EET
Eire +01:00 +00:00 IST GMT
EST -05:00 EST
EST5EDT -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
Etc/GMT +00:00 GMT
Etc/GMT-0 +00:00 GMT
Etc/GMT-1 +01:00 +01
Etc/GMT-10 +10:00 +10
Etc/GMT-11 +11:00 +11
Etc/GMT-12 +12:00 +12
Etc/GMT-13 +13:00 +13
Etc/GMT-14 +14:00 +14
Etc/GMT-2 +02:00 +02
Etc/GMT-3 +03:00 +03
Etc/GMT-4 +04:00 +04
Etc/GMT-5 +05:00 +05
Etc/GMT-6 +06:00 +06
Etc/GMT-7 +07:00 +07
Etc/GMT-8 +08:00 +08
Etc/GMT-9 +09:00 +09
Etc/GMT+0 +00:00 GMT
Etc/GMT+1 -01:00 -01
Etc/GMT+10 -10:00 -10
Etc/GMT+11 -11:00 -11
Etc/GMT+12 -12:00 -12
Etc/GMT+2 -02:00 -02
Etc/GMT+3 -03:00 -03
Etc/GMT+4 -04:00 -04
Etc/GMT+5 -05:00 -05
Etc/GMT+6 -06:00 -06
Etc/GMT+7 -07:00 -07
Etc/GMT+8 -08:00 -08
Etc/GMT+9 -09:00 -09
Etc/GMT0 +00:00 GMT
Etc/Greenwich +00:00 GMT
Etc/UCT +00:00 UTC
Etc/Universal +00:00 UTC
Etc/UTC +00:00 UTC
Etc/Zulu +00:00 UTC
Europe/Amsterdam +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Andorra +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Astrakhan +04:00 +04
Europe/Athens +02:00 +03:00 EET EEST
Europe/Belfast +00:00 +01:00 GMT BST
Europe/Belgrade +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Berlin +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Bratislava +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Brussels +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Bucharest +02:00 +03:00 EET EEST
Europe/Budapest +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Busingen +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Chisinau +02:00 +03:00 EET EEST
Europe/Copenhagen +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Dublin +01:00 +00:00 IST GMT
Europe/Gibraltar +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Guernsey +00:00 +01:00 GMT BST
Europe/Helsinki +02:00 +03:00 EET EEST
Europe/Isle_of_Man +00:00 +01:00 GMT BST
Europe/Istanbul +03:00 +03
Europe/Jersey +00:00 +01:00 GMT BST
Europe/Kaliningrad +02:00 EET
Europe/Kiev +02:00 +03:00 EET EEST
Europe/Kirov +03:00 +03
Europe/Kyiv +02:00 +03:00 EET EEST
Europe/Lisbon +00:00 +01:00 WET WEST
Europe/Ljubljana +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/London +00:00 +01:00 GMT BST
Europe/Luxembourg +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Madrid +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Malta +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Mariehamn +02:00 +03:00 EET EEST
Europe/Minsk +03:00 +03
Europe/Monaco +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Moscow +03:00 MSK
Europe/Nicosia +02:00 +03:00 EET EEST
Europe/Oslo +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Paris +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Podgorica +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Prague +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Riga +02:00 +03:00 EET EEST
Europe/Rome +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Samara +04:00 +04
Europe/San_Marino +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Sarajevo +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Saratov +04:00 +04
Europe/Simferopol +03:00 MSK
Europe/Skopje +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Sofia +02:00 +03:00 EET EEST
Europe/Stockholm +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Tallinn +02:00 +03:00 EET EEST
Europe/Tirane +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Tiraspol +02:00 +03:00 EET EEST
Europe/Ulyanovsk +04:00 +04
Europe/Uzhgorod +02:00 +03:00 EET EEST
Europe/Vaduz +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Vatican +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Vienna +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Vilnius +02:00 +03:00 EET EEST
Europe/Volgograd +03:00 +03
Europe/Warsaw +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Zagreb +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Europe/Zaporozhye +02:00 +03:00 EET EEST
Europe/Zurich +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
GB +00:00 +01:00 GMT BST
GB-Eire +00:00 +01:00 GMT BST
GMT +00:00 GMT
GMT-0 +00:00 GMT
GMT+0 +00:00 GMT
GMT0 +00:00 GMT
Greenwich +00:00 GMT
Hongkong +08:00 HKT
HST -10:00 HST
Iceland +00:00 GMT
Indian/Antananarivo +03:00 EAT
Indian/Chagos +06:00 +06
Indian/Christmas +07:00 +07
Indian/Cocos +06:30 +0630
Indian/Comoro +03:00 EAT
Indian/Kerguelen +05:00 +05
Indian/Mahe +04:00 +04
Indian/Maldives +05:00 +05
Indian/Mauritius +04:00 +04
Indian/Mayotte +03:00 EAT
Indian/Reunion +04:00 +04
Iran +03:30 +0330
Israel +02:00 +03:00 IST IDT
Jamaica -05:00 EST
Japan +09:00 JST
Kwajalein +12:00 +12
Libya +02:00 EET
MET +01:00 +02:00 MET MEST
Mexico/BajaNorte -08:00 -07:00 PST PDT
Mexico/BajaSur -07:00 MST
Mexico/General -06:00 CST
MST -07:00 MST
MST7MDT -07:00 -06:00 MST MDT
Navajo -07:00 -06:00 MST MDT
NZ +12:00 +13:00 NZST NZDT
NZ-CHAT +12:45 +13:45 +1245 +1345
Pacific/Apia +13:00 +13
Pacific/Auckland +12:00 +13:00 NZST NZDT
Pacific/Bougainville +11:00 +11
Pacific/Chatham +12:45 +13:45 +1245 +1345
Pacific/Chuuk +10:00 +10
Pacific/Easter -06:00 -05:00 -06 -05
Pacific/Efate +11:00 +11
Pacific/Enderbury +13:00 +13
Pacific/Fakaofo +13:00 +13
Pacific/Fiji +12:00 +12
Pacific/Funafuti +12:00 +12
Pacific/Galapagos -06:00 -06
Pacific/Gambier -09:00 -09
Pacific/Guadalcanal +11:00 +11
Pacific/Guam +10:00 ChST
Pacific/Honolulu -10:00 HST
Pacific/Johnston -10:00 HST
Pacific/Kanton +13:00 +13
Pacific/Kiritimati +14:00 +14
Pacific/Kosrae +11:00 +11
Pacific/Kwajalein +12:00 +12
Pacific/Majuro +12:00 +12
Pacific/Marquesas -09:30 -0930
Pacific/Midway -11:00 SST
Pacific/Nauru +12:00 +12
Pacific/Niue -11:00 -11
Pacific/Norfolk +11:00 +12:00 +11 +12
Pacific/Noumea +11:00 +11
Pacific/Pago_Pago -11:00 SST
Pacific/Palau +09:00 +09
Pacific/Pitcairn -08:00 -08
Pacific/Pohnpei +11:00 +11
Pacific/Ponape +11:00 +11
Pacific/Port_Moresby +10:00 +10
Pacific/Rarotonga -10:00 -10
Pacific/Saipan +10:00 ChST
Pacific/Samoa -11:00 SST
Pacific/Tahiti -10:00 -10
Pacific/Tarawa +12:00 +12
Pacific/Tongatapu +13:00 +13
Pacific/Truk +10:00 +10
Pacific/Wake +12:00 +12
Pacific/Wallis +12:00 +12
Pacific/Yap +10:00 +10
Poland +01:00 +02:00 CET CEST
Portugal +00:00 +01:00 WET WEST
PRC +08:00 CST
PST8PDT -08:00 -07:00 PST PDT
ROC +08:00 CST
ROK +09:00 KST
Singapore +08:00 +08
Turkey +03:00 +03
UCT +00:00 UTC
Universal +00:00 UTC
US/Alaska -09:00 -08:00 AKST AKDT
US/Aleutian -10:00 -09:00 HST HDT
US/Arizona -07:00 MST
US/Central -06:00 -05:00 CST CDT
US/East-Indiana -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
US/Eastern -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
US/Hawaii -10:00 HST
US/Indiana-Starke -06:00 -05:00 CST CDT
US/Michigan -05:00 -04:00 EST EDT
US/Mountain -07:00 -06:00 MST MDT
US/Pacific -08:00 -07:00 PST PDT
US/Samoa -11:00 SST
UTC +00:00 UTC
W-SU +03:00 MSK
WET +00:00 +01:00 WET WEST
Zulu +00:00 UTC
==========================================
7 may 2023 11:44 pm est-not-edt : #add# #current-time#
==========================================
8 may 2023 9:35 pm est-not-edt :
#reword# problem : how to find current-time in minimalist-way ? #current-time#
#to# problem : url-internet-browser which show current-time in (simple/minimalist)-non-java-script-format ? #current-time#
==========================================
21 jun 2023 5:57 am est-not-edt :
problem : internet-page to download linux-pdf-book-collection
solution : drive.google.com/file/d/15NNPBiaGqwA4fVOkSKNbzI3YeFV-UGjs/view?usp=drive_link
that school.tar contain school/linux-how-to which contain these files :
a@1 05:59 AM ~/myfiles/letter/linux-how-to ls
abs-guide.pdf intro-linux.pdf lkmpg.txt.gz
abs-guide.txt.gz intro-linux.txt.gz lpg-0.4.pdf
advanced_c_[EnglishOnlineClub.com].pdf khg.html.tar.gz man-pages-3.55
Bash-Beginners-Guide.pdf lame.pdf man-pages-3.55.tar.gz
Bash-Beginners-Guide.txt.gz lame.txt Mobile-Guide.txt
Bugzilla-Guide.pdf LDP-Author-Guide.txt nag-1.0.ascii.tar.gz
c_programming_language_dennis_ritchie.pdf LFS-BOOK-6.1.1.pdf nag2.pdf
cprogramming_tutorial.pdf LFS-BOOK-6.1.1.txt palmdevqs.pdf
c_reference_libc.pdf Linux-Cheat-Sheet-Sponsored-By-Loggly.pdf Pocket-Linux-Guide.pdf
Custom-Porting-Guide.pdf linux_command_line_for_you_and_me.pdf Pocket-Linux-Guide.txt
Custom-Porting-Guide.txt linuxcommands.pdf sag.pdf
emacs_cheat_sheet.pdf Linux-Dictionary.pdf sag.txt
espk-ug.pdf Linux-Dictionary.txt.gz Securing-Optimizing-Linux-RH-Edition-v1.3.pdf
evmsug.pdf Linux-Filesystem-Hierarchy.pdf Securing-Optimizing-Linux-The-Ultimate-Solution-v2.0.pdf
EVMSUG.txt Linux-Filesystem-Hierarchy.txt The One Page Linux Manual.pdf
expert_c_programming.pdf Linux-Media-Guide.pdf tlk.html.tar.gz
gdb.pdf Linux-Media-Guide.txt user-beta-1.pdf.gz
Getting Started with Ubuntu 16.04.pdf linux_network_admin_guide.pdf VideoLAN-Quickstart.txt
GNU-Linux-Tools-Summary.pdf lki.pdf VLC-User-Guide.txt
GNU-Linux-Tools-Summary.txt.gz lkmpg_2_4.pdf VLS-User-Guide.txt
gs.html.tar.gz lkmpg_2_6.pdf Win+OpenSolaris+CentOS-Install.pdf
directory/folder 'school' contain :
a@1 05:23 AM ~/myfiles/letter/pdf/school ls
aircraft-pdf calculator-rule-ice-14-15-v-3.pdf chemistry cpu-manual finance math physics spain-language
astronomy car-service-manual computer-science economy linux-how-to network-engineer source.txt sport
a@1 05:23 AM ~/myfiles/letter/pdf/school
====================================
6 jul 2023 5:21 am est-not-edt :
#reword# https://drive.google.com/file/d/144UYyV2e1tXJFhblrT3M1i-i5esof1bL/view#21_jun_2023_5_57_am_est_not_edt
#to# https://drive.google.com/file/d/15NNPBiaGqwA4fVOkSKNbzI3YeFV-UGjs/view?usp=drive_link
#reword# that linux-how-to.rar contain these files :
#to# that school.tar contain school/linux-how-to which contain these files :
...
...
a@1 05:23 AM ~/myfiles/letter/pdf/school ls
aircraft-pdf calculator-rule-ice-14-15-v-3.pdf chemistry cpu-manual finance math physics spain-language
astronomy car-service-manual computer-science economy linux-how-to network-engineer source.txt sport
a@1 05:23 AM ~/myfiles/letter/pdf/school
====================================
problem : ls sort according to sort-order change-date in descending-order .
command 'mv' renew change-date . command 'mv' will not renew modify-date , 'mv' not renew access-date
solution : ls -ltc
====================================
problem : open emacs in terminal
solution : emacs -nw file-name
[source : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8746227/how-to-open-emacs-inside-bash from google ( start emacs terminal not window ) result 1]
====================================
problem : browse back-ward during 'ls | more'
solution : 'b' [source : man more]
=========================================
20 jul 2023 9:17 pm est-not-edt : end 30 jul 2023 6:5 am est-not-edt
problem : computer which get frequent shut-down-then-turn-on-process vs computer which get eternal-ampere and never shut-down ,
which 1 has easier maintenance-procedure ?
solution :
modern computer get assurance to do 40,000 turn-on-process-repetition , and not break-down .
mother-board-capacitor life-span is 32,000 hour ,
that 'mother-board-capacitor life-span is 32,000 hour' decrease 50 % for every 10 celcius higher temperature ( 10 celcius hotter ) .
10 celcius = 50 fahrenheit . [source 3 : (1)'modern PCs are built to withstand a whopping 40,000 power cycles.' ; (2)'Keeping your computer permanently switched on also reduces its lifespan substantially. And that's down to the weakest link of a typical computer PCB—the ubiquitous capacitor. These critical voltage-regulation and filtering components have a finite lifespan of typically about 32,000 hour for electrolytic variety. This amounts to a little more than 3.5 year.' ; (3)'To make matters worse , usable lifespan of capacitor is halved for every 50°F (10°C) increase in temperature. That's also why gaming laptops, which tend to overheat, die sooner than regular desktop PCs.' in makeuseof.com/is-powering-down-your-pc-wearing-it-down/ from google ( frequent shutdown shorten psu life ) result 1 ]
it is easier to renew ac-to-dc-converter/power-supply/psu , rather-than renewing mother-board-capacitor .
so frequently shut-down then turn-on computer , produce bigger profit smaller deficit .
rather-than never shut-down computer ( computer stay on-with-ampere eternally ) .
usa->bestbuy.com is willing to accept non-functional-psu to be recycled ( maybe bestbuy.com send back non-functional-psu to psu-company-factory ) . [source : bestbuy.com/site/clp/recycling/pcmcat149900050025.c?id=pcmcat149900050025 from google (recycle computer) result 3 or wortel.ucoz.com/trash_recycle_bestbuy.htm ]
actually computer which has cmos-battery installed on mother-board : never fully-shut-down .
computer-with-cmos-battery-installed-on-mother-board during mortem-condition : silently-consume cmos-battery-ampere to keep mother-board-clock up-to-date .
so ideally : remove cmos-battery , then after starting computer : manually set computer-clock with method :
(1) find 'linux : set date, time manually, without internet time server'
(2) find 'linux : set date, time using internet time server because the computer'
but it is not necessary to do that . shut-down computer if not used , is good enough to increase longevity-of
'mother-board-capacitor life-span is 32,000 hour' .
so hard-disk-with-circular-disc , ssd / solid-state-drive / usb-flash-drive , need hard-disk-cooling-fan to keep capacitor-temperature cool
to increase living-age .
hp.com , dell.com sell desktop which does not have hard-disk-cooling-fan .
dell.com->xps-desktop , hp.com->omen.com , falcon-nw.com , dell.com->alienware.com : maybe has hard-disk-cooling-fan
but buying expensive fast-(gpu/graphic-processing-unit)-pci-express-card zotac.com , xfxforce.com , sapphiretech.com , pny.com , etc ,
which contain nvidia.com->geforce-gpu or ati.com->radeon-gpu is mandatory for hp->omen.com , falcon-nw.com , dell.com->alienware.com ;
maybe mandatory for dell.com->xps-desktop .
dell.com-> ( optiplex , inspiron ) , seem does not have hard-disk-cooling-fan .
ssd has power-capacitor which start working during ampere-outage . maybe ssd with broken power-capacitor still work .
[source : 'Power capacitors provide for enough power to complete data-transfer operation from cache to memory in times of power loss.
Have you ever simply shut down your PC only to realise that you never saved your work ?
Power-capacitors limit data loss significantly and are very uncommon at the consumer SSD level with Crucial M500/M550
SATA 3 SSD families being the first to offer this feature standard.
ADATA has just also released their S920 and this SSD is also based on the M550 with power capacitors present.
' in thessdreview.com/ssd-guides/beginners-guide/what-role-do-ssd-components-play-learning-run-flash/
from google-image ( ssd pcb component ) row 1 col 1 ]
ssd contain cpu maybe arm->cortex-r-5 cpu and cpu need cooling-fan , so ssd need cooling-fan just like hard-disk-with-circular-disc .
warning : computer which contain ssd , without ampere ( off ) for more 1 year , will lose file . so computer which contain ssd for storing file
need to be turn-on for maybe some 10 second 1 time per year minimum . [source 8 : (1) phisonblog.com/everything-to-know-about-ssds-and-controllers/ from google ( cpu ssd controller ) result 5 ; (2)'According to JEDEC Solid State Technology Association , SSD should be able to retain the data for 1 year at 30°C after it is powered off . A screenshot from JEDEC SSD Specifications Explained is displayed below.' in minitool.com/partition-disk/what-happens-to-data-on-ssd-when-power-is-lost.html from google ( ssd use power capacitor all the time ) result 8 ; (3)en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_Cortex-R#30-jul-2023-5-15-am-est-not-edt ; (4)en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapphire_Technology#20_apr_2022_2_50_pm_edt ; (5)en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZOTAC#20_mar_2022_11_57_am_edt ; (6)en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XFX#20_apr_2022_3_17_pm_edt ; (7)en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PNY_Technologies#20_apr_2022_3_17_pm_edt ; (8)en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EVGA_Corporation#20_apr_2022_3_20_pm_edt ; (9)from video-card-brand-name-list in newegg.com ]
========================
26 aug 2023 8:40 pm est-not-edt : #add# [addition 26 aug 2023 8:41 pm est-not-edt]
========================
14 oct 2023 5:5 pm est-not-edt : #add# [addition 14 oct 2023 5:2 pm est-not-edt]
========================
18 oct 2023 12:10 am est-not-edt : #add# [addition 17 oct 2023 10:39 pm est-not-edt]
========================
19 oct 2023 4:52 pm est-not-edt :
(1)#add# [addition 19 oct 2023 4:51 pm est-not-edt]
(2)#reword# on their computer : wortel.ucoz.com/'set-time-with-timeapi-io.sh .
#to# on their computer : wortel.ucoz.com/set-time-with-timeapi-io.sh .
(3)#add# , 'time_zone'
=======================
19 oct 2023 5:14 pm est-not-edt :
(1)#reword# wortel.ucoz.com/time_update_manual.sh #to# wortel.ucoz.com/time-update-manual.sh
(2)#reword# bash>time_update_manual.sh 19 oct 2023 4:58 pm edt
#to# (1)bash>chmod u+x time-update-manual.sh
(2)bash>./time-update-manual.sh 19 oct 2023 4:58 pm edt
(3)#add#
example how to use set-time-with-timeapi-io.sh :
(1)modify variable 'url' , 'hour_modification' , 'minute_modification' , 'time_zone' inside set-time-with-timeapi-io.sh
(2)bash>chmod u+x set-time-with-timeapi-io.sh
(3)bash>./set-time-with-timeapi-io.sh
=======================
20 oct 2023 4:31 am est-not-edt : #add# [addition 20 oct 2023 4:25 am est-not-edt] end 20 oct 2023 4:31 am est-not-edt
=======================
20 oct 2023 4:52 am est-not-edt :
#reword# (2)bash>./time-update-manual.sh 19 oct 2023 4:58 pm edt
#to# (2)bash>./time-update-manual.sh 19 oct 2023 4:58 pm
(3)check date , time , time-zone :
bash>sudo timedatectl
(4)to change time-zone : find 'how to change time-zone ?'
==============================
20 oct 2023 5:39 am est-not-edt : #add# [addition 20 oct 2023 5:32 am est-not-edt]
==============================
20 oct 2023 2:28 pm est-not-edt :
(1)#reword# if using linux-command 'date' to set wrong-combination-of--time--and--time-zone
then linux-command 'date' will quietly-set wrong-time without producing error-msg .
#to#
if using linux-command 'date' to set time-stamp with wrong time-zone
then linux-command 'date' will quietly-set wrong-time-stamp without producing error-msg .
wrong time-zone has meaning : 3-alphabet-time-zone-value which is different from 3-alphabet-'time zone'-value
inside output-of-linux-command 'timedatectl' .
lacking time-zone like this is good enough : 'bash>./time-update-manual.sh 19 mar 2023 4:58 pm' .
but 'bash>./time-update-manual.sh 19 mar 2023 4:58 pm wib' where 'wib' = 3-alphabet-'time zone'-value inside
inside output-of-linux-command 'timedatectl' :
a@1 04:02 AM ~ timedatectl
Local time: Thu 2023-10-26 04:02:09 WIB
Universal time: Wed 2023-10-25 21:02:09 UTC
RTC time: Wed 2023-10-25 21:02:09
Time zone: Asia/Jakarta (WIB, +0700)
Network time on: no
NTP synchronized: no
TC in local TZ: no
a@1 04:02 AM ~ timedatectl
=======================================
28 oct 2023 5:42 pm est-not-edt : end 28 oct 2023 11:48 pm est-not-edt
#reword#
example how to use set-time-with-timeapi-io.sh :
(1)modify variable 'url' , 'hour_modification' , 'minute_modification' , 'time_zone' inside set-time-with-timeapi-io.sh
(2)bash>chmod u+x set-time-with-timeapi-io.sh
(3)bash>./set-time-with-timeapi-io.sh
(4)to change time-zone : find 'how to change time-zone ?'
#to#
example how to use set-time-with-timeapi-io.sh , set-time-with-worldtimeapi-org.sh ( faster because-of using unix-time-in-second-since-1-jan-1970 ,
so there is smaller-amount-of text-parsing-job ) :
(1)modify variable 'url' , 'hour_modification' , 'minute_modification' inside bash-script-file : set-time-with-timeapi-io.sh , set-time-with-worldtimeapi-org.sh
(2)bash>chmod u+x set-time-with-timeapi-io.sh
bash>chmod u+x set-time-with-worldtimeapi-org.sh
need to do that 1-time .
(3)to change time-zone : find 'how to change time-zone ?'
if 3-alphabet-time-zone-on-computer is different-from 3-alphabet-time-zone-on-timeapi.io-or-worldtimeapi.org
then somehow sometime date-time is-being-set-incorrectly like 1-hour-exessively-forward or 1-hour-excessively-backward .
(4)bash>./set-time-with-timeapi-io.sh
or
bash>./set-time-with-worldtimeapi-org.sh
=======================================================
28 oct 2023 5:49 pm est-not-edt : #add# [addition 28 oct 2023 5:47 pm est-not-edt]
=======================================================
28 oct 2023 5:50 pm est-not-edt :
#reword# 'new code for updating time' : wortel.ucoz.com/time-update-manual.sh
example how to use time_update_manual.sh :
#to# 'new code for updating time'-manually with looking at clock nearby : wortel.ucoz.com/time-update-manual.sh
example how to use time-update-manual.sh :
=======================================================
28 oct 2023 11:37 pm est-not-edt :
#reword# code which need to be modified : variable 'url' , 'hour_modification' , 'minute_modification' , 'time_zone' .
timeapi.io has list-of-url-address-value-choice for variable 'url' depending-on location .
that bash-script can be heavily-modified to parse-and-extract-date-value-from worldtimeapi.org , not timeapi.io .
so both worldtimeapi.org , timeapi.io provide current-time-internet-page but using different-internet-data-journey
[source : find 'worldtimeapi.org' , 'timeapi.io' in wortel.ucoz.com/traceroute.htm ] .
#to# code which need to be modified : variable 'url' , 'hour_modification' , 'minute_modification' .
timeapi.io , worldtimeapi.org : has list-of-url-address-value-choice for variable 'url' depending-on location .
different-possibly-inter-island-internet-data-journey from usa->virginia-state->springfield-city to : timeapi.io , worldtimeapi.org :
find 'worldtimeapi.org' , 'timeapi.io' in wortel.ucoz.com/traceroute.htm .
=======================================================
28 oct 2023 11:56 pm est-not-edt :
#reword#
(1)bash>chmod u+x time-update-manual.sh
(2)bash>./time-update-manual.sh 19 oct 2023 4:58 pm
(3)check date , time , time-zone :
bash>sudo timedatectl
(4)to change time-zone : find 'how to change time-zone ?'
#to#
(1)bash>chmod u+x time-update-manual.sh
need to do that 1-time .
(2)to change time-zone : find 'how to change time-zone ?'
if 3-alphabet-
time-zone-on-computer is different-from 3-alphabet-time-zone-on-timeapi.io-or-worldtimeapi.org
then somehow sometime date-time is-being-set-incorrectly like 1-hour-exessively-forward or 1-hour-excessively-backward .
(3)bash>./time-update-manual.sh 19 oct 2023 4:58 pm
(4)check date , time , time-zone :
bash>timedatectl
=================================================
30 nov 2023 4:12 am est :
#add# tar -xvjf archive.tar.bz2 -C directory-name # extract file and put those file to directory-name
=================================================
2 dec 2023 4:18 am est : end 5:17 am est
---problem :
(1)in firefox-setting : automatic-update-ability already been set to 'off/mortem' ( check for update but let you choose to install them ) ,
but after refusing to do firefox-update with method : clicking 'dismiss' and not clicking 'update' many-time every-time firefox start
: to pop-up-window-containing-question like 'firefox-new-version is available now update yes ?' ,
firefox still coerce-doing self-automatic-update .
(2)url-location for downloading previous firefox-version is what ?
(3)bash>older-firefox-version/firefox -P myprofile
produce error-message 'using older version of firefox can corrupt bookmarks and browsing history'
then that older-firefox-version refuse to start .
---solution :
(1)add this line to file '/etc/hosts' :
127.0.0.1 aus5.mozilla.org
(2)example : archive.mozilla.org/pub/firefox/releases/101.0.1/ [source : readme.txt on firefox-source-code-root-directory ]
[source :
(1)'aus5.mozilla.org' in support.mozilla.org/en-US/questions/1224757 from google ( firefox update server url ) result 1
(2)'You can set the update URLs to an empty string if you really do not want to update kb.mozillazine.org/about:config' in support.mozilla.org/bm/questions/984720#2-dec-2023-4-22-am-est from google ( automatic update disabled but firefox could not update automatically . download new version , you won't lose saved information or customisation )
]
(3)bash>older-firefox-version/firefox --allow-downgrade -P myprofile [source : support.mozilla.org/ms/questions/1319261 from google ( force bypass using older version of firefox can corrupt bookmarks and browsing history ) ]
then next-time can do
bash>older-firefox-version/firefox -P myprofile
to start firefox and that error-message will not show-up : 'using older version of firefox can corrupt bookmarks and browsing history' .
========================================
9 dec 2023 3:38 am est : end 4:41 am est
problem : accidentally-press-button which make firefox-url-address is doing align-to-right-side , how to undo that ?
solution : must have been accidentally-pressing-and-holding-button shift , while pressing ctrl + x .
so to undo : repeat doing that pressing-and-holding-button shift , while pressing ctrl + x . [source : support.mozilla.org/en-US/questions/1229895 from google ( make firefox url address align left ) result 1 ]
===================================
16 dec 2023 4:44 am est :
#reword# https://drive.google.com/file/d/15NNPBiaGqwA4fVOkSKNbzI3YeFV-UGjs/view?usp=drive_link
#to# drive.google.com/file/d/15NNPBiaGqwA4fVOkSKNbzI3YeFV-UGjs/view?usp=drive_link
====================================
21 dec 2023 4:30 am est : end 6:13 am est
problem : how to remove firefox-url-address-bar which automatically-use whatever being typed for search-keyword and send that search-keyword to
default-internet-search-page ?
solution :
(1)in firefox-url-address-bar , type : about:config
(2)in about:config -> 'search preference name' input-text , type : keyword
to show about:config-variable 'keyword.enabled'
(3)on right-side-adjacent-to 'keyword.enabled' : click button 'toggle' to make 'keyword.enabled'-variable has 'false'-value . [source : superuser.com/questions/1238890/firefox-55-how-to-remove-every-single-search-engine from google ( firefox default search engine none ) result 10 ]
====================================
21 dec 2023 5:40 am est : end 22 dec 2023 5:8 am est
problem : turn-off/shut-down internet-connection
solution :
(1)find internet-connection has what name ? avoid internet-connection-name for 'loopback'
a@1 05:41 AM ~ ifconfig -a
enp4s0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 54:04:a6:22:a7:44
inet addr:192.168.1.157 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::fc2a:882:78b4:8169/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:56531 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:30924 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:51507145 (51.5 MB) TX bytes:5461332 (5.4 MB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:6731 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6731 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1
RX bytes:682863 (682.8 KB) TX bytes:682863 (682.8 KB)
(2)turn-off/shut-down internet-connection
a@1 05:41 AM ~ sudo ifconfig enp4s0 down
[sudo] password for a:
(3)turn-on internet-connection
a@1 05:42 AM ~ sudo ifconfig enp4s0 up
[sudo] password for a:
a@1 05:42 AM ~
=================================
23 dec 2023 3:54 am est :
#reword#
(1)about:preferences -> search -> search-short-cut -> uncheck that blue-check-box for all internet-search-page
(2)about:config -> keyword.enabled = false
[source : superuser.com/questions/1238890/firefox-55-how-to-remove-every-single-search-engine from google ( firefox default search engine none ) result 10 ]
#to#
(1)in firefox-url-address-bar , type : about:config
(2)in about:config -> 'search preference name' input-text , type : keyword
to show about:config-variable 'keyword.enabled'
(3)on right-side-adjacent-to 'keyword.enabled' : click button 'toggle' to make 'keyword.enabled'-variable has 'false'-value . [source : superuser.com/questions/1238890/firefox-55-how-to-remove-every-single-search-engine from google ( firefox default search engine none ) result 10 ]
========================================
23 dec 2023 11:42 pm est : ending 24 dec 2023 12:8 am est
problem : how to make intel.com-(pentium-m-model/core-model)-cpu-frequency always same cpu-frequency ?
never automatically-increase cpu-frequency during making program do task for long-time-duration .
solution for mother-board asus.com->e-6476-p-8-h-61-mle-series :
(1)boot/start-up computer , during boot-process press 'del' to enter bios or press whatever-keyboard-button-being-shown-by-monitor-screen-boot-message
to enter 'bios' .
(2)in bios->advanced-config->cpu : set cpu-ratio : 16 with method pressing '+' or '-' ( if wanting 1.6 ghz to become maximum cpu-frequency )
25 ( if wanting 2.5 ghz to become maximum cpu-frequency )
intel.com-(pentium-m-model/core-model)-cpu-lowest-cpu-frequency is 1.6 ghz .
(3)in bios->advanced-config->cpu : turn-off 'turbo'-mode but there is no 'turbo'-mode
so do nothing and exit bios to reboot
if trying to start linux then coerce reboot with method press-and-hold 'ctrl' while pressing 'alt' and 'del' .
during this reboot-process press 'del' again to re-enter 'bios' , this time bios->advanced-config->cpu show 'turbo'-mode , turn-off that 'turbo'-mode .
then turn-off bios->advanced-config->cpu->enhanced-speed-step-ability .
then to set bios->advanced-config->ai-tweaker-menu->igpu-maximum-frequency to minimum-number ( so become non-fluctuating ) :
press '+' or '-' to make some-minimum-number show-up .
[2 source : (1)'turbo' in forums.tomshardware.com/threads/asus-p8h61-m-le-csm-r2-0-1866mhz-ram-configuration-bios-settings.2245401/ from google ( asus cpu ratio not limiting cpu frequency p8h61m ) page 2 number 5
(2)dlcdnets.asus.com/pub/ASUS/mb/LGA1155/P8H61-M_LE/E6476_P8H61-M_LE_series.zip?model=P8H61-M%20LE from asus.com/supportonly/p8h61-m%20le/helpdesk_manual/
]
(4)check cpu-frequency ( can do this linux-command during linux-operating-system still doing program-task for long-time-duration ) :
a@1 11:42 PM ~ cpufreq-info
cpufrequtils 008: cpufreq-info (C) Dominik Brodowski 2004-2009
Report errors and bugs to cpufreq@vger.kernel.org, please.
analyzing CPU 0:
driver: intel_pstate
CPUs which run at the same hardware frequency: 0
CPUs which need to have their frequency coordinated by software: 0
maximum transition latency: 0.97 ms.
hardware limits: 1.60 GHz - 1.60 GHz
available cpufreq governors: performance, powersave
current policy: frequency should be within 1.60 GHz and 1.60 GHz.
The governor "powersave" may decide which speed to use
within this range.
current CPU frequency is 1.60 GHz.
a@1 11:42 PM ~
why set cpu-frequency to low-cpu-frequency ?
(excuse-1)to decrease cpu-temperature .
during making program do task for long-time and making cpu-stress 100 % for long-time-duration :
a@1 02:34 AM ~ sensors
coretemp-isa-0000
Adapter: ISA adapter
Physical id 0: +38.0°C (high = +82.0°C, crit = +102.0°C)
Core 0: +37.0°C (high = +82.0°C, crit = +102.0°C)
asus-isa-0000
Adapter: ISA adapter
cpu_fan: 0 RPM
during doing nothing and making cpu-stress fluctuate around 4 -> 18 % ( eternally-press right-side-arrow-keyboard-button ):
a@1 11:56 PM ~ sensors
coretemp-isa-0000
Adapter: ISA adapter
Physical id 0: +34.0°C (high = +82.0°C, crit = +102.0°C)
Core 0: +33.0°C (high = +82.0°C, crit = +102.0°C)
asus-isa-0000
Adapter: ISA adapter
cpu_fan: 0 RPM
a@1 12:10 AM ~
[addition 29 dec 2023 2:40 am est] end 6:14 am est
room-temperature ( using sharpclocks.com->spc-307->with-lidl.com-in-house-brand-aerocell-battery->digital-termometer ) : 23 celcius , 73 fahrenheit
more detail about task being done in statement 'during making program do task for long-time and making cpu-stress 100 % for long-time-duration :' :
on linuxmint.com->version-18.2->cinnamon-gui-desktop-manager->gnome-terminal->nano-editor.org : i do find-word 'wiki/Nissan_Maxima' on
1-large-text-file-containing-many-copy-pasted-wikipedia-and-internet-article-from-google-search
which has total-file-size 178 mega-byte .
[/addition 29 dec 2023 2:40 am est]
[addition 5 jan 2024 5:40 am est] end 8 jan 2024 6:25 am est
(excuse-2)i have superstitious-feeling which say simple-item create simple-life . that fluctuating cpu-frequency-ability is complicated , maybe create
difficult life-destiny .
so example :
(1)having solid-color-background-desktop-wallpaper create simple-life-destiny ,
having fancy-photo for desktop-wallpaper-background create complicated-life-destiny .
(2)car which has (double-wishbone/multi-link)-suspension is complicated , example : honda.com->accord . struts-suspension is simpler .
solid-axel ( jeep.com->wrangler , magna.com-daimler-mercedes-benz->g-class ) , is simplest but their weight is heavy-weight .
car-with-struts-suspension usually still light-weight ( toyotausa.com->camry , honda.ca->civic ) ,
so maybe struts-suspension create simplest life-destiny .
(3)maybe if car-designer-cpu , civil-engineer-cpu , comic-book-designer-cpu , music-creator-cpu , movie-(visual-effect/fx)-designer-cpu ,
story-writer-designer-cpu , is simple-design , and still ampere-efficient , then work-result become better .
[/addition 5 jan 2024 5:40 am est]
=========================================
24 dec 2023 5:45 am est :
(1)#reword# solution :
#to# solution for mother-board asus.com->e-6476-p-8-h-61-mle-series :
(2)#reword#
(1)boot/start-up computer , during booting press 'del' to enter bios or press whatever-keyboard-button-being-shown-by-monitor-screen-boot-message .
(2)in bios : turn-off 'turbo'-mode
(3)in bios : set cpu-ratio : 16 ( if wanting 1.6 ghz to become maximum cpu-frequency )
25 ( if wanting 2.5 ghz to become maximum cpu-frequency )
intel-cpu-lowest-cpu-frequency is 1.6 ghz .
#to#
(1)boot/start-up computer , during boot-process press 'del' to enter bios or press whatever-keyboard-button-being-shown-by-monitor-screen-boot-message
to enter 'bios' .
(2)in bios->advanced-config->cpu : set cpu-ratio : 16 ( if wanting 1.6 ghz to become maximum cpu-frequency )
25 ( if wanting 2.5 ghz to become maximum cpu-frequency )
intel.com-(pentium-m-model/core-model)-cpu-lowest-cpu-frequency is 1.6 ghz .
(3)in bios->advanced-config->cpu : turn-off 'turbo'-mode but there is no 'turbo'-mode
so do nothing and exit bios to reboot
if trying to start linux then coerce reboot with method press-and-hold 'ctrl' while pressing 'alt' and 'del' .
during this reboot-process press 'del' again to re-enter 'bios' , this time bios->advanced-config->cpu show 'turbo'-mode , turn-off that 'turbo'-mode .
[source : 'turbo' in forums.tomshardware.com/threads/asus-p8h61-m-le-csm-r2-0-1866mhz-ram-configuration-bios-settings.2245401/ from google ( asus cpu ratio not limiting cpu frequency p8h61m ) page 2 number 5 ]
=================
24 dec 2023 5:55 am est : ending 6:5 am est
#reword# problem : how to make cpu-frequency always same cpu-frequency ? never increase cpu-frequency during making program do task for long-time-duration .
#to# problem : how to make intel.com-(pentium-m-model/core-model)-cpu-frequency always same cpu-frequency ?
never automatically-increase cpu-frequency during making program do task for long-time-duration .
=============================
29 dec 2023 2:34 am est :
#reword#
a@1 11:56 PM ~ sensors
coretemp-isa-0000
Adapter: ISA adapter
Physical id 0: +37.0°C (high = +82.0°C, crit = +102.0°C)
Core 0: +37.0°C (high = +82.0°C, crit = +102.0°C)
#to#
a@1 02:34 AM ~ sensors
coretemp-isa-0000
Adapter: ISA adapter
Physical id 0: +38.0°C (high = +82.0°C, crit = +102.0°C)
Core 0: +37.0°C (high = +82.0°C, crit = +102.0°C)
asus-isa-0000
Adapter: ISA adapter
cpu_fan: 0 RPM
===================
29 dec 2023 2:40 am est : #add# [addition 29 dec 2023 2:40 am est]
======================
5 jan 2024 5:44 am est : #add# [addition 5 jan 2024 5:40 am est]
==========================
8 jan 2024 6:26 am est : #add# then turn-off bios->advanced-config->cpu->enhanced-speed-step-ability .
=============================
8 jan 2024 6:41 am est :
#add#
then to set bios->advanced-config->ai-tweaker-menu->igpu-maximum-frequency to minimum-number ( so become non-fluctuating ) :
press '+' or '-' to make some-minimum-number show-up .
================================
8 jan 2024 6:42 am est :
#reword#
in bios->advanced-config->cpu : set cpu-ratio : 16 ( if wanting 1.6 ghz to become maximum cpu-frequency )
#to#
in bios->advanced-config->cpu : set cpu-ratio : 16 with method pressing '+' or '-' ( if wanting 1.6 ghz to become maximum cpu-frequency )
==============================
8 jan 2024 6:52 am est :
#add#
dlcdnets.asus.com/pub/ASUS/mb/LGA1155/P8H61-M_LE/E6476_P8H61-M_LE_series.zip?model=P8H61-M%20LE from asus.com/supportonly/p8h61-m%20le/helpdesk_manual/
==============================
20 mar 2024 11:25 am est :
(1)problem : why need correct time-zone ?
solution : mail.yahoo.com want combination of correct time and time-zone to login .
(2)#add# [addition 20 mar 2024 11:27 am est]
================================
2 apr 2024 9:18 am est :
problem : show all directory/folder , do not show file , in current directory
solution : ls -d */
problem : show all directory/folder , do not show file , in some directory 'somedir'
solution : ls -d /path/to/somedir/*/
[source : cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-list-just-directories-or-directory-names/ from google ( linux ls show directory list ) -> result 2 ->
ppl also ask -> how do i list directories in ls ? ]
==========================================
18 apr 2024 2:54 pm est : #add# [addition 18 apr 2024 2:51 pm est]
;;
|