made with geany text editor https://www.geany.org/Download/Releases [added 28-oct-2018 9:33 am edt]
9 may 2018 1:20 am edt
move to http://wortel.ucoz.com/computer_spec.htm
using format like https://gamefaqs.gamespot.com/snes/588646-secret-of-mana/faqs/5611
;;
#c-1# computer (usa, year 2000 )
monitor : viewsonic 17 inches
cpu : dual celeron
motherboard :
- must have been abit bp6 the only mobo at that
time supported dual celeron
source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABIT_BP6
from google (abit dual celeron) result 1
video card : 3dfx model voodoo3 3000 agp
sound card : sound blaster live
case : lian-li.com, don't remember the model number [source:'lian-li.com' in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lian_Li]
speaker : altec lansing acs48
can not remember detail of the rest of the components.
my friend irwan chang bought all components
and built this computer
keyboard : logitech
mouse : matsumi ps/2
computer (indo, maybe year 2000 maybe year 2001)
i carry a motherboard (i forgot the brand)
and intel pentium 3 cpu
(i forgot the speed)
to semarang, indo.
i carry those components and
my computer in semarang, to sysmaco company google.com/maps/@-6.9846981,110.431562,3a,75y,302.78h,76.15t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sOoB9NYSqGdLlsYTCFVz4Rw!2e0!7i16384!8i8192
in semarang, asked sysmaco company to upgrade
my computer with that motherboard and
with that intel pentium 3 cpu,
and i asked sysmaco company to teach me
how to upgrade.
#c-2# computer (usa, maybe year 2000 - 13 august 2006 )
- same monitor, speaker, keyboard, mouse as above
- used dell dimension 8100
1.5 ghz pentium with 512mb rdram memory
bought from my friend oki tjandrakusuma
- new monitor 14 mach 2006 :
MNTR SMSNG|LCD 17"8MSDVI 740b-Black - Retail (Qty=1, Price=$229.99) https://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16824001070
Extended Warranty Fee: $0
Subtotal: $229.99
TAX: $0
Shipping and Handling Charge**: $9.99
Total: $239.98
bought from newegg
computer (usa, 13 august 2006 - 3 august 2011, sold in craigslist ):
CPU AMD|A64 3700+ 2.2G 939 1M R - Retail (Qty=1, Price=$99.00) https://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16819103539
L1-cache 64 kb x 2, L2-cache 1.12 mb [source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athlon_64#San_Diego_(90_nm_SOI) from wikipedia -> ( AMD San diego ) result 3]
hypertransport 1000 mhz
vcore 1.35 v or 1.4 v
tdp 104 watt max
release-date : 15-apr-2005
DVD+/-RW NEC ND-3550A BK % - OEM (Qty=1, Price=$28.99) https://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16827152058
CASE LL|PC-65B BLK ALUMINUM RT - Retail (Qty=1, Price=$126.99) https://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16811112040
VGA XFX N GF6500 128M PVT44FRAMG RT - Retail (Qty=1, Price=$45.00) https://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16814150147
PSU TT | W0070 430W RTL - Retail (Qty=1, Price=$39.99) https://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16817153023
MEM 1Gx2|GSKL F1-3200PHU2-2GBNS R - Retail (Qty=1, Price=$189.99) https://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16820231047
MB ASUS A8N-E NF4U 939 - Retail (Qty=1, Price=$85.99) https://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16813131530
same monitor, speaker, keyboard, mouse as above
Extended Warranty Fee: $0
Subtotal: $615.95
TAX: $0
Shipping and Handling Charge**: $29.12
Total: $645.07
bought from newegg
operating system : windows xp
review for computer-case lian-li.com pc-65-b : [22 sep 218 2:49 am edt | 11:32 am edt ${1} add '80mm' ${2} add https://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16811112040 ${3} add https://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16819103539 ${4} add https://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16824001070 ${5} add 'i got that weblink from my newegg-order-history, lian-li pc-65b can not be searched in newegg anymore.' | 11:39 am edt add 'air-filter block dust and hinder air-flow. i want maximum air-flow.' ${6} add 'i can tolerate dust']
https://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16811112040
i got that weblink from my newegg-order-history, lian-li.com pc-65-b can not be searched in newegg anymore.
pros : 1. lian-li pc-65b is lightweight because lian-li.com pc-65-b is made from aluminum
2. comes with harddisk-fan which cool-down harddisk.
antec.com->300 does not come with harddisk-fan. [source:'antec.com' in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antec]
harddisk-fan is more important than case-roof-fan because harddisk gets hot without fan.
many-air-holes on case-roof without case-roof-fan, is ok.
many-air-holes on case-roof is important because heat should rise automatically.
not having rear-case-fan seems ok.
rear-case-fan maybe evacuate cool-air and hot-air.
i want cool-air to stay inside computer-case.
3. thumb-screw for harddisk
cons : 1. easily scratched
2. motherboard-tray seems redundant, add more complexity.
i accidentally pinch power-cable between motherboard-tray and inner-case-wall
then windows-xp restart by itself randomly.
memtest86 says memory is fine
then later i realise power-cable is being pinched between motherboard-tray and inner-case-wall.
3. fan-size is 80mm, less than 120mm but 2 80mm fans blowing harddisk so airflow to harddisk's hotspots maybe is as good or better.
but more fan makes more noise but lian-li.com pc-65-b comes with fan installed
not like antec.com->300 needing additional effort for installing fan.
some fan specs (cfm means airflow):
vantec 120mm 1500rpm 53cfm
92mm 1750rpm 28cfm
80mm 2050rpm 27cfm
60mm 2600rpm 12cfm
rosewill 80mm 2500rpm 33.21cfm
120mm 2000rpm 74.48cfm
source : ${1} https://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?item=N82E16811999614 ${2} https://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16835200049 ${3} https://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16835200044
4. lian-li.com pc-65-b has air-filter in front-panel.
air-filter block dust and hinder air-flow. i want maximum air-flow, i can tolerate dust.
that air-filter can be removed.
5. expensive
reason i sell this computer in craigslist : [25 sep 2018 7:17 pm edt | 7:33 pm edt add 'i was trying to follow :' | 7:50 pm edt add 'now i realise i must not forget old component which made me survive.' | add 'but bible has flaw' | 11:25 pm edt add 'and maybe that computer is akujiki.' | 11:48 pm edt add 'maybe computer-case with black color makes user feels superstitious.' | 11:51 pm edt add 'but opening side-panel-door shows interior-computer-case color which is not black.' | 12:30 am edt add 'seeing a cat with black color, can make ppl feel superstitious']
1. i was trying to follow :
'Marrying a Woman Taken Prisoner in War
Moses said to Israel:
10 From time to time, you men will serve as soldiers and go off to war.
The Lord your God will help you defeat your enemies, and
you will take many prisoners. 11-13 One of these prisoners may be
a beautiful woman, and you may want to marry her. But first you must bring her
into your home, and have her shave her head, cut her nails, get rid of her
foreign clothes, and start wearing Israelite clothes. She will mourn a month
for her father and mother, then you can marry her.' in
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+21&version=CEV
then i realise dell's motherboard (american), foxconn, made in china,
is foreign as well.
now i realise i must not forget old component which kept me alive
during that difficult-time.
2. i try to follow :
'during that year, and when they have all they want from your fields,
leave the rest for wild animals.' in http://wortel.ucoz.com/7years.htm
3. i had bad memory during working with that computer.
maybe by selling that computer, i won't see that computer so my bad
memory during working with that computer, disappears.
but now i realise bad memory can become a lesson for the future.
and i was trying to avoid seeing that computer for a while, while
i rejuvenate my mental-strength. then now i can say
'i realise bad memory can become a lesson for the future'
but now i realise bible has flaw : http://wortel.ucoz.com/bible_flaw.htm
and everytime new computer-component is being made, maybe
iron-miner blows soil with dynamite, killing beneficial earthworm
to get more iron.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7fEJcyMNfII
(iron mine's good explosion and bad explosion compilation)
and maybe that computer is akujiki.
akujiki is a blade which wants to be used
source :
'If the blade's hunger is left unsatisfied,
it will slowly devour its owner's life force. Thus, whosoever
uses Akujiki shall forever be cursed with an unfortunate fate;
in order to sustain the blade's hunger, those who wield Akujiki
must dedicate their entire lives to the slaughter of any and
all beings that possess Yin, and then they must be devoured in
their last moments.'
in
http://shinobisega.wikia.com/wiki/Akujiki
from google (akujiki) result 1
maybe computer-case with black color makes user feels superstitious.
but opening computer-case-side-panel-door shows computer-case-interior color
which is not black.
i did not open that computer's side-panel-door during using that computer.
seeing a cat with black color, can make ppl feel superstitious
source :
1. https://www.historicmysteries.com/black-cat-superstition/ from google (black cat superstition) result 1
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_cat#26_sep_2018_12_29_am_edt
#c-3# computer (usa, 23 january 2012 i picked up components in bestbuy - now )
- motherboard : asus-P8H61-M LE (Socket 1155) Micro ATX Motherboard 1333/1066MHz made in china (cheapest mobo)
- cpu : intel-celeron 2.5 GHz G-540-BX80623G540 , 2 core , 2 thread , cache 2 mb , memory-bus-speed 5 giga-transfer / second dmi-type , 2 memory-channel , tdp 65 watt [source:https://ark.intel.com/products/53416/Intel-Celeron-Processor-G540-2M-Cache-2_50-GHz]
[addition 8 feb 2025 3:19 pm est]
this is label which is being engraved on my celeron-cpu :
| = new-line
? = i feel uncertain about what alphabet is that
i (M)? (c)? 09 | INTEL (R) CELERON (R) G540 | SR05J 2.50 GHZ | Costa Rica | 3125B196 (?)
current thermal-grease : arctic.de->mx-4-with-spatula , that spatula is slanted , difficult to use : youtube.com/watch?v=xoF5ar9w-ow&t=10m20s ( AMD AM5 - How to Apply Thermal Paste - Ryzen 9 7950X ) from youtube-search ( spread thermal paste ) result 24
because youtube.com/watch?v=LHOBRvXYqEg&t=5m04s ( How To Apply CPU Thermal Paste Methods - Compare and Benchmark )
show that spreading thermal-grease produce coolest temperature .
i use q-tip/cotton-bud being submerged inside vinegar to clean-to-remove old thermal-grease .
[/addition 8 feb 2025 3:19 pm est]
- memory : 2 piece of kingston.com ValueRAM-2GB PC3-10666 DDR3 DIMM Desktop Memory-KVR1333D3N9/2G [source : 'kingston.com' in en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_Technology ]
(1)kingston|99U5471-002.A01LF|0000005538903|PCL2C-A9FPLP-VW9QB|KVR1333D3N9/2G|1.5 v|APMK16A1103|assy in taiwan(2)|warranty void if removed
(2)kingston|99U5471-002.A01LF|0000005538903|4FLT2-L9KP96-3WJPB|KVR1333D3N9/2G|1.5 v|APMK16A1103|assy in taiwan(2)|warranty void if removed
total for mobo, cpu, memory : 175.31 usd
- power supply : dynex model : dx-400wps 400 watt , which contain fan xinruilian/x-fan.com->brushless-dc-fan->model-1225s-1->hy-1930->( dc 12 v , 0.18 a ) [source : (1)dynexproducts.com/pdp/DX-400WPS/8311052 from google (dx-400wps) result 3 (2)x-fan.com from google ( xinruilian ) result 1 ]
- case : antec.com->300
- harddisk : western digital green 500 gigabytes wd5000aads-00s9b0
- monitor : (1)1-sep-2007 => 17-jun-2019 around 5 pm edt : dell->1708-fpt lcd-17-inch 223 usd. ending : produce clear-smoke from right-edge-area and produce burning-odor and show flickering display then stop showing display then i use parents-money to pay 25 usd to bestbuy to recycle that dell->1708-fpt) [source:dell.com->email-receipt]
(my sister defina jaya used this monitor then used laptop then i took this monitor)
(2)18-jun-2019 around 12:40 pm edt : hp->21-kd lcd-20.7-inch 91 usd [source:bestbuy.com->email-receipt]
- speaker : sometimes harman-kardon-hk-395, sometimes maxtron (maybe china-made-speaker, from my father from indonesia)
(my sister deborah-kim used harman-kardon-hk-395 then my father sometimes use harman-kardon-hk-395, i use maxtron)
- mouse : dell usb mouse, don't remember purchase date
- keyboard : sakar iconcepts 90050ns from walmart
- dvd writer : hewlett packard dvd1260
[addition 9 feb 2025 7:39 am est]
- ethernet-cable : amazon.com/Jadaol-Ethernet-Shielded-Internet-Computer/dp/B01B4A2N6S/ jadaol-maybe-75-foot
[/addition 9 feb 2025 7:39 am est]
mobo, memory, cpu were ordered online then
picked up in bestbuy store.
the other components were available in bestbuy.
operating system : linuxmint-xfce
review for asus-p8h61-m le :
cons : 1. in a tower-computer-case :
there are 2 harddisk sata-connectors on motherboard which
enforce 2 sata-cable-connectors to face downward,
making 2 release-buttons on those 2 sata-cable-connector
face downward.
so it is impossible to see that downward-facing-release-button
without ducking.
so i can forget there is a release-button which
must be pressed prior unplugging sata-cable-connector.
there are other 2 harddisk sata-connectors on motherboard
which face upward.
somehow i used 2 downward-facing-harddisk-connectors.
i should have used 2 upward-facing-harddisk-connectors.
2. takes more than 1 mouse click to shutdown 1 cpu core in bios.
because i always shutdown 1 cpu core in bios to save electricity.
pros : no other complain.
suggestion :
1)maybe if cmos battery is not on motherboard then
show qestion in console asking
how many cpu core should be turned on ? ('1'/'a' for all/[number]/'b' for enter 'bios')
enter today's date and timezone : 12 oct 2018 5:1 pm
so mouse-click-action is reduced.
2)put usb-memory inside motherboard to remember user-selection without cmos-battery?
this idea come during i read https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujio_Masuoka from 'Fujio Masuoka' in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memory from https://global.honda/newsroom/news/2018/c180928beng.html from https://global.honda/newsroom/?year=2018&page=3 result 2
but usb-memory maybe is not worth installing because motherboard-clock still need cmos-battery.
why i choose celeron-g540 ?
that is 2nd cheapest celeron.
the cheapest celeron has 2.4 ghz speed,
chinese fairy tale says 4 brings bad luck because
4 in chinese language is a homonym, has 2 meanings :
4 and die
16 january 2017 :
bought fan brand insignia from bestbuy,
http://www.bestbuy.com/site/insignia-120mm-case-cooling-fan-black/3648006.p?skuId=3648006,
to be installed in the front of antec.com->300 to
cool down harddrive
but power cable of insignia fan, is too short,
can not reach cha_fan socket on mobo.
the insignia fan lay on the floor, not used.
bought 6 inches extension power cable from
molex power source to 3 x 4 pin fan cables
in newegg.
that 6 inches extension cable provide power to
3 fans.
21 january 2017 :
while waiting 6 inches extension power cable
from newegg, i had idea to replace rear fan in antec.com->300
with insignia fan bought from bestbuy,
http://www.bestbuy.com/site/insignia-120mm-case-cooling-fan-black/3648006.p?skuId=3648006
, made that rear insignia fan move air to interior
instead of move air to exterior,
providing fresh air to cpu.
the original antec.com->300 rear fan is now installed in the front
of antec.com->300, move resh air to interior
to cool down harddrive installed
in harddrive cage level 2.
all side panels, front panel, metal slots expansion
cover of antec.com->300, was
removed to cool down components further, because
psu location in antec.com->300, suck fresh air from above,
and above is where cpu is located, so psu maybe
trying to grab fresh air designated to cool down
cpu.
9 feb 2017
10:52 am :
last night i was browsing computer case in newegg.com
then i realised my antec.com->300 can have 120mm fan
on side panel, moving air to interior for psu.
11:09 am :
but i realised asus micro atx P8H61M LE
lacks extra cha_fan socket to provide power to
120mm fan on side panel.
asus micro atx P8H61M LE has only 1 cha_fan
on the left side of cpu, and that is being used
by insignia rear fan 120mm,
http://www.bestbuy.com/site/insignia-120mm-case-cooling-fan-black/3648006.p?skuId=3648006
, bought from bestbuy.
layout of asus micro atx P8H61M LE :
https://www.asus.com/Motherboards/P8H61M_LE/HelpDesk_Manual/
4 pin to molex adapter,
https://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=9SIABU94WV1658&nm_mc=TEMC-RMA-Approvel&cm_mmc=TEMC-RMA-Approvel-_-Content-_-text-_-
, to make 120mm fan power cable can plug to molex
in psu cable,
can not fit the 4 pin power cable in insignia fan which
was bought from bestbuy
i can not find a 120mm fan with power cable eating
power directly on molex cable from psu.
i doubt 3-pin to molex adapter provided by
http://store.antec.com/enclosure-fans/truequiet-120-red.html#
can fit the power cable fan
11:43 am
i realised what i bought from newegg.com is 3 pin to molex
adapter
https://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=9SIABU94WV1658&nm_mc=TEMC-RMA-Approvel&cm_mmc=TEMC-RMA-Approvel-_-Content-_-text-_-
and 3 pin to molex adapter can not make 4 pin insignia fan
cable connect to molex.
the 4 pin cable in insignia fan can not fit 3 pin in
3 pin to molex adapter from newegg.com.
but product description says 4-pin, 3-pin, i thought
3-pin and 4-pin are compatible, apparently not compatible :
'6 inch IDE Molex 4-pin to Case cooling Fan 3-pin TX3 Multi-Fan Out Power Adapter Converter Cable w/ Speed Reduction ,2x5V/2x12V '
10 feb 2017 21:28
stripped the screw for fan on top panel of antec.com->300.
reverse the wind direction for fan on top panel,
the fan move air to interior, instead of to exterior,
pushing air to cpu area, psu.
when tightening the last screw, the drill slips
then strips the screw. now the screw stuck on the fan.
next time i must pre-drill the fan with the
fan laying on the floor, prior mounting
the fan to computer case.
harddisk temperature after rather long uptime :
26 celcius
with front fan installed.
i dont know harddisk temperature without front fan
installed.
i used to live in different room when
the harddisk does not being cooled with front fan,
in that room the computer sat near hvac vent blowing
hot air, 30 celcius was the hd temp at that time.
cpu temp with top fan pushing air to interior :
initial temperature : : 32 celcius
temperature during idle : 30 celcius
temperature during stress test :
stress test javascript ( 57 % cpu0 load ) : 40 celcius
https://greensock.com/js/speed.html
from google (javascript stress test) result 1
with firefox 51.0.1 internet browser
[mistake]
[realised]16 feb 2017[/realised]
room temperature is rather cool :
[/mistake]
temperature in ashburn city, virginia state, usa
is rather cool :
35 fahrenheit / 2 celcius
1 window is opened 3.5 inches
so cool air moving to room interior.
2 side panels, 1 front panel are still not being used.
i removed the dvd writer because dvd writer
has never been used.
13 feb 2017 1:31am
succeed removing stripped screw from top panel
of antec.com->300 using plier.
following
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gz1SatVZ-zE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lI2hl3Zfi6Q
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SEZyUzt8xys
17:31
bought screw #10 x 1/2 inches hex head slotted made by
everbilt in homedepot.
newegg reviewer says slotted head is harder to break
than phillips head.
source :
https://www.newegg.com/Product/NewProduct.aspx?Item=N82E16811993009&SortField=0&SummaryType=0&PageSize=10&SelectedRating=-1&VideoOnlyMark=False&ignorebbr=1&IsFeedbackTab=true&RandomID=26008701062057220170213143401
apparently the everbilt screw can drill the
fan and hold the fan to antec.com->300.
but the everbilt screw protrude from top panel.
because the hex head of the everbilt screw is bigger
than original screw from antec.com->300.
slotted head is intended to be used by human.
phillip head is intended to be used by machine.
source :
1. 'Phillips heads exist because the flat head
does very poorly when you have a machine
turning the screws. These machines tend to
be very powerful and the flat head screws
would get over tightened and break. So the
Phillips was designed so that the bit would
slip out if it reached that point. The down
side is that this "feature" works fairly
shitty when it's a human doing the work by
hand or using a low power consumer drill.'
in https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1m8snq/eli5_why_we_have_two_types_of_screw_headsdrivers/
from
google (slotted head harder to strip than phillip head) result 6
2. 'The Phillips screwdriver was invented in
Portland, Oregon in the late 1920s by Henry
Phillips in an effort to facilitate the
installation of screws using power screw
drivers in an industrial setting. His design
addressed several drawbacks to slotted
screwdrivers, the most common type of
screwdriver at that time. One of these
drawbacks was the tendency of slotted drivers
to over-torque a screw. The Phillips
screwdriver was designed to purposely
pull-away or "cam-out" when the torque
becomes too great. This prevents the screw
head from snapping off and also allows the
operator to know when the screw is fully
seated. Early power screwdrivers did not
have torque limiters so cam-out was a
decided advantage of the Phillips screwdriver.'.
'Other advantages of the Phillips screwdriver
over the slotted screwdriver:
1) it is easier to seat the bit into the
screw head, and
2) it is easier to keep the bit in place
once it's seated (slotted screwdrivers
have a tendency to slide out of the
screw due to centrifugal force).'
in http://www.howstuffcompares.com/doc/s/slotted-screwdriver-vs-philips-screwdriver.htm
from
google (slotted head vs phillips head) result 3
15 feb 2017 11:07
stanley 10 pc MultiBit Ratcheting Screwdriver
http://www.stanleytools.com/en-us/products/automotive-tools/screwdrivers/phillips-pocket-standard/10-pc-multibit-ratcheting-screwdriver/68-010#reviews
with phillip tip,
is the screwdriver which destroyed the head of the phillip screw
which attach 140mm fan to top panel of antec.com->300.
the story is :
my hand was grabbing the handle
of that stanley screwdriver, the screwdriver tip has been
inserted to the screw, when i begin to twist my hand to twist
the screwdriver clockwise or counterclockwise, the handle
twist but the shank of the screwdriver does not
twist immediately, after i twist my hand a lot then
the shank begin to twist.
so twisting the handle of that screwdriver, a little, will not
twist the shank of that screwdriver.
twisting the handle a lot will twist the shank of that screwdriver.
so the shank has a delay when responding
to the twisting of the handle.
i set that screwdriver to neutral transmission
when using that.
but i feel setting that screwdriver to clockwise
or counterclockwise transmission, does not
eliminate delay between twisting the handle
and twisting the shank.
next time i will use old fashioned screwdriver.
16 feb 2017 10:08
memory ram speed only matter for gaming, and
the fps improvement is 2 fps, more fps gained
if overclocking cpu.
for encoding, memory ram speed does not matter.
source :
1. http://www.tomshardware.com/forum/274826-28-1066-1333
from google (1333mhz ddr3 vs 1066mhz benchmark)
result 3
2. http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/ram-speed-tests,1807-12.html
from google (tomshardware ram speed benchmark) result 1
24 feb 2017 19:32
what encourage me to go to local homedepot
searching replacement screw for fan screw in
antec.com->300, is reading
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_case_screws
, reading user manual for nzxt h440 which describe
the screw size for fan,
https://www.nzxt.com/products/h440-white
click downloads, click 'h440 manual'
28 feb 2017 16:10
turned off top fan in antec.com->300,
cpu load temp = 38 celcius
cpu idle temp = 31 celcius
ashburn outdoor temp = 19 celcius
1 window is opened 3.5 inches
so top fan is not necessary apparently.
if top fan is turned on then top fan sucked
hot, cold air, both hot and cold air rise.
fan sucks all kind of air, hot, cold air
source :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L41UdAf1VuA&t=7m7s
if top fan is turned off then only hot air
should rise because physics says hot air rise,
cool air descend.
maybe turning on top fan is bad idea because
cool air should stay inside the case, hot air
should rise exit the case.
rear fan still blow air to cpu, and should
push warm residue air from cpu, away from cpu.
psu maybe gets occasional warm residue air
from harddrive fan.
21:09
i meant initially top fan was pushing air
to psu, now i turned off top fan and
cpu temp remained ok as described above.
1 march 2017 16:50
htpc case seems better than tower case.
because cpu lay horizontal in htpc case.
so the heat from cpu spread thermal paste
without disturbance from gravity.
source :
'When the processor is operating, the heat spreads
the TIM across the top of the processor
integrated heat spreader and the bottom of
the fan-heatsink'
in
http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/processors/000005576.html
from 3rd reference in
'Intel, crit.tv, Arctic GmbH recommend to squeeze a
pea-sized amount of thermal grease onto the center of
the CPU.[6][7][8]'
in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_grease#cite_note-8
from google (thermal paste) result 2
the htpc case should have :
- horizontal laying harddisk
- horizontal laying cd rom
because centripetal force from spinning cd rom,
spinning harddisk, should be free from disturbance
from gravity.
source :
'Unlike horizontal circular motion, in vertical
circular motion the speed, as well as
the direction of the object, is constantly
changing. Gravity is constantly either
speeding up the object as it falls, or
slowing the object down as it rises.'
in http://dev.physicslab.org/Document.aspx?doctype=3&filename=OscillatoryMotion_VerticalCircles.xml
from
google (vertical circular motion gravity) result 3
harddisk fan is necessary, most htpc seems
dont have fan to cool down harddisk.
2 march 2017 15:28
silverstone gd09 has harddisk laid vertically
, no fan blowing air directly to harddisk.
source :
http://cdn.overclock.net/7/79/795844bd_IMG_2930.jpeg
from
'For an example, here is my setup previously....'
in http://www.overclock.net/t/1395186/silverstone-grandia-gd0x-owners-club/60
from google-image-search (grandia gd09 harddisk) row 4, col 2
4 march 2017 12:59 est
turned off these fans:
- rear panel fan
- top panel fan
running these fans :
- intel cpu fan on intel cpu heatsink
- harddisk cage fan
- psu fan
these components are removed :
- both side panels
- front panel
- dvd writer
- expansion slot metal covers
outdoor temp = 4 celcius
from google (ashburn virginia temperature) result 1
cpu idle temp = 28 celcius
cpu load/running temp = 33 celcius
running https://greensock.com/js/speed.html
from google (javascript stress test) result 1
harddisk temp = 22 celcius
so that saves more electricity bill.
13:58
i have done the above long time ago then
smelled plastic odor sometimes.
i smell that same plastic odor again sometimes.
i smell that plastic odor as i am located 1/2 meter
away from antec.com->300. but my nose can not smell
that plastic odor inside antec.com->300.
the plastic odor is not intense and not always
can be smelled.
maybe that smell came from dust inside psu, i opened,
cleaned that psu 15 jan 2017 afternoon,
but i did not remove psu cicuit board from psu housing
because removing psu circuit board from psu housing
need to remove psu cable from small hole in psu cover,
i fear about detaching psu cable accidentally then
not knowing how to reattach psu cable.
reassembling psu cover was difficult.
paintbrush was used to sweep dust away from
psu circuit board then i blew dust away with air from
my mouth while closing my eyes, blew dust toward bathtub
because bathtub becomes clean automatically when
bathing.
5 march 2017 14:29 est
shutdown 1 cpu core, so i only use 1 cpu core.
that should save more electricity bill.
maybe thermal paste
artic silver 5 wants to be laid horizontally,
thermal paste dow corning tc 1996 can be laid vertically.
because dow corning tc 1996 deform at 177 celcius.
thermal paste
artic silver 5 thins out (spread?) during initial cpu usage.
source :
'During the CPU's initial use, the compound thins out to
enhance the filling of the microscopic valleys and ensure
the best physical contact between the heatsink and the CPU
core. Then the compound thickens slightly over the next
50 to 200 hours of use to its final consistency designed
for long-term stability. (This should not be confused with
conventional phase change pads that are pre-attached to many
heatsinks. Those pads melt each time they get hot then
re-solidify when they cool. The viscosity changes that
Arctic Silver 5 goes through are much more subtle and
ultimately much more effective.)'
in http://www.arcticsilver.com/as5.htm
from google (Arctic Silver 5) result 1
thermal paste
dow corning tc 1996 'resist changes in consistency at
temperatures up to 177°C (350°F)'
source :
http://www.casmoon.com/upfile/file/20141020/2014102020522923160.pdf
from google (dow corning tc 1996) result 2
15:05 est
thermaltake core v21 has harddisk mounted vertically
source :
http://benchmarkreviews.com/23775/thermaltake-core-v21-micro-atx-case-review/4/
from google image (thermaltake cube hard disk fan) row 4, last col
15:27 est
artic silver has instruction how to put thermal apste
source :
http://www.arcticsilver.com/pdf/appmeth/int/vl/intel_app_method_vertical_line_v1.1.pdf
from 'Celeron® Dual Core Processor'
in http://www.arcticsilver.com/intel_application_method.html#
7 march 2017 7:24 est
the plastic odor comes from hvac vent, not from psu, not from
computer.
13:20 est
thermal paste seems really necessary.
athlon 64 3k+
cpu temp under load : 38 celcius
room temp : 17 celcius
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yX6AN4vWZP0
core i7-5820k @ 4 ghz @ 1.12 v with enermax t40 heatsink
room temp : 18 celcius
arctic mx-4 50 celcius
nothing 76 celcius
vegemite 61 celcius
toothpaste 61 celius
mayo 61 celcius
tomato sauce 59 celcius
chicken 62 celcius
source :
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-pr4cf70qY&t=4m2s
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-pr4cf70qY&t=2m45s (turned on 'cc')
thermal paste not working incidents causes :
1. high performance mode is on, turning on turbo boost mode
permanently
source :
http://www.tomshardware.com/answers/id-1979985/cpu-heat-rising-constantly-thermal-compound.html
from http://www.tomshardware.com/answers/id-3275761/cpu-usage-skyrockets-reapplying-thermal-paste.html
2. heat sink does not attach to cpu properly
source :
http://www.tomshardware.com/answers/id-2674818/high-temperatures-reapplying-thermal-paste.html
3. spreading the thermal paste using credit card, is claimed
to cause the thermal paste to get hot, melted then drip
to mobo
source :
http://www.tomshardware.com/forum/266731-29-applying-thermal-paste
4. not removing motherboard from chassis, prior installing heatsink.
source :
http://www.tomshardware.com/forum/264984-28-after-applying-thermal-paste-temp-skyrocketed
from google (thermal paste temperature skyrocket)
8 march 2017
12:00pm est
coolermaster haf 915r
almost meet my criteria, because harddisk cage fan
is only 1 with size 92mm.
source : http://us.coolermaster.com/product/Detail/case/mini-itx/haf915r.html
maybe 120mm should be minimum size for harddisk cage fan because
120mm is the size for harddisk cage fan in antec.com->300.
coolermaster elite 310 has 120mm front fan but
that 120mm harddisk front fan seems intended to blow air
to mobo not harddisk because the hd seems located above
that 120mm front fan
source :
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YlW6hw0WUpw&t=4m57s
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YlW6hw0WUpw&t=10m21s
silverstone sg13 can only has 1 3.5 hd.
i prefer minimum 2 3.5 hd
source :
http://www.silverstonetek.com/product.php?pid=536
bitfenix Prodigy Mini-ITX constrict air blown by
120mm front fan to holes in harddisk cage.
so air blown by 120mm fan, some hit the wall on
harddisk cage.
source :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A7DYbeolPNw&t=3m21s
same problem with thermaltake x series,
x9, harddisk is being blown from the side with harddisk
enclosure has little vertical segment blocking
air blown by front fan
source :
picture in 4th row in
http://www.hardwareluxx.com/index.php/reviews/hardware/cases/34017-reviewed-thermaltake-core-x9-e-atx-case.html?start=3
from 'interior setup (1)' in
http://www.hardwareluxx.com/index.php/reviews/hardware/cases/34017-reviewed-thermaltake-core-x9-e-atx-case.html?start=3
from google image (thermaltake core x9 hard disk) page 8
result col 2 last row
thermaltake x series cost :
x9 166 usd
x5 178 usd
x2 135 usd
x1 98 usd
source : google
antec isk600m has 80mm exhaust fan behind harddrive cage,
exhaust fan can be reversed to become
intake fan to blow toward harddrive cage, but
size is 80mm, that's smaller than my current 120mm harddrive
fan in antec.com->300.
width of desktop harddrive = 101.6 mm, so 80mm is smaller
than harddrive width
source :
'101.6' in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive
from google (3.5 hard drive) result 6
silverstone sg13 has its harddrive located too high so
the front 140mm fan blow air rather underneath the
harddrive. so the top of harddrive seems not being blown
by front 140mm fan.
source :
'drives into drive cage'
in http://www.silverstonetek.com/downloads/Manual/case/Multi-SG13-Manual.pdf
silverstone sg05 front fan seems can not blow air
to the roof of harddrive, cd rom drive is laptop size
which cost more expensive than desktop sized cd rom.
but i rarely use cd rom now, operating system can be
installed from usb drive.
not installing cd rom, having only 1 harddrive, saves
electricity bill
source :
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rUkEy2anNTg&t=6m59s
2. http://www.anandtech.com/show/6167/silverstone-sugo-sg05-the-miniitx-standard-bearer/3
from google (silverstone sg05) result 7
maybe vga fan https://www.newegg.com/VGA-Cooling/SubCategory/ID-576?Tid=8006
can be installed instead of vga card
to send air to mobo area
but silverstone sg05 harddrive is being hold by a bracket
which has wall, that wall could block some air from front fan
source :
'Install your 3.5” hard drive onto the
bracket as shown'
in http://www.silverstonetek.com/downloads/CASE/Multi-SG05-Manual.pdf
thermaltake suppressor, core v21 has harddrive vertically mounted
source :
1. 'hdd installation' in
http://www.thermaltakeusa.com/db/support/usermanual/_fe33885cb0804fb0a711eff46c78da55.pdf
2. picture row 5 in http://benchmarkreviews.com/23775/thermaltake-core-v21-micro-atx-case-review/4/
19:27 est
silverstone grandia09b has the roof of hd being covered
by black platform for cd rom,
so the roof of hd seems not being cooled down by the fan.
source :
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HhZ3Tf1myI&t=8m14s
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HhZ3Tf1myI&t=11m28s
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HhZ3Tf1myI&t=12m50s
9 march 2017 10:34am est
ssd disadvantage :
'it can only sustain a finite number of writes before it dies.
There is a lot of science that goes into explaining why this
happens, but suffice it to say that as the SSD is used, the
electrical charges within cells must be periodically reset.
Unfortunately, the electrical resistance increases slightly
with every reset, which increases the voltage necessary
to write into a cell. Eventually, the required voltage
becomes so high that the particular cell becomes essentially
useless. Thus, a finite number of writes'
in http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/solidstate-drives-work-makeuseof-explains/
from google (how ssd work) result 3
the roof of harddrive has holes, those holes must not be covered
like in
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HhZ3Tf1myI&t=11m28s
source :
'allows for equalization of air pressure between the
inside and outside of the drive. While it is not a
complete pass-through of outside air into the HDD
internals, there is a filter inside the hole that
allows the air pressure to equalize.'
in
https://www.howtogeek.com/127433/what-is-the-purpose-of-the-do-not-cover-this-hole-hole-on-hard-drives/
from google (hdd do not cover hole) result 1
18:57 est
2 lian-li.com cases seems meet my criteria.
pc-v33 :
- fit atx, microatx
- harddisk sits on a flat platform
- 2nd floor 2 front fans (intake)
- 1st floor 1 rear fan (exhaust)
pc-v358
- fit microatx only
- harddisk floats, being suspended by harddisk cage
harddisk cooling seems better.
- 2nd floor 2 side fans (intake)
- 1st floor 2 front fans (intake), 1 rear fan (exhaust)
- possible drawback :
- not enough power socket for fan.
- fit slim cdrom which cost more expensive than
normal cdrom
v33 : maybe reversing airflow of rear 120mm fan to
blow air toward harddisk, cool down harddisk better
pc-v33
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3gWbLE0BUlI&t=8m16s
pc-v358
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TrsfTB27dgg&t=2m33s
21 march 2017 13:21
coolermaster haf xb has a comment criticising
harddisk not being cooled down.
source :
'It has very little to no airflow at the HDD bay areas
and this case is know for killing hard-drives'
from comment from 'rondo cat'
in https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZhjoYbVX1XU
25 march 2017 19:25 edt
apevia X-MASTER-BK/500 htpc case has harddisk installed vertically
source :
http://htpcbuild.com/admin/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/HardDriveInstall.jpg
from pic 9 in http://htpcbuild.com/hardware/all-in-one-htpc-build/install-guide/
from google-image (apevia X-MASTER-BK/500 harddisk)
result row 3 col 3
28 march 2017 18:37
asus bios says south bridge stepping is b3 so
my asus motherboard is not defective.
going to bios is the only way for me to check chipset stepping.
asus says chipset stepping but bios says south bridge stepping.
source :
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridge#Cougar_Point_chipset_flaw
2. http://event.asus.com/2011/mb/Identify_B3_Motherboards/
6 april 2017 20:47 edt
http://www.highspeedpc.com/category_s/1814.htm
seems like a cool computer case
from
http://web.computerpilot.com/2013/02/lian-li-pitstop-diy-test-bench-technical-review/
from google-image (diy test bench) result row 2 col 1
maybe there is enough space between
harddisk roof and upper shelf because
there are holes in harddisk roof which must not be covered.
source :
1. http://www.thinkcomputers.org/reviews/hspc_techstation/26.jpg
from http://www.thinkcomputers.org/highspeed-pc-top-deck-tech-station-review/3/
google-image (highspeed pc Original Tech Station harddisk)
result page 2 row 4 col 2
2. https://www.bit-tech.net/hardware/cases/2006/03/02/highspeed_pc_tech_station/5
from google-image ( highspeed pc Original Tech Station harddisk )
result page 3 last col row 3
8 april 2017 17:06 edt
highspeed pc chassis does not fasten cdrom psu with
screw so cdrom psu can fell down
when being hit sideway
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tLLldij3RFU&t=2m15s
dimastech harddisk cage
http://shop.dimastech.it/en/dimastech-hd-support-35-special-4-slot--with-120mm-graphite-black-frontal-fan-support
and chassis written under 'Compatibility:'
seems cool.
dimastech chassis fasten cdrom, psu with screw :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0ScBVdoUW8&t=4m24s
,
letting cdrom, psu loose, unfastened by screw is fine,
computer chassis stay still all the time.
dimastech harddisk cage seems fit 4 harddisks.
highspeed pc fit 2 harddisks.
does highspeed pc harddisk allow attaching
harddisk fan from underneath without hitting the rail
which hold harddisk.
i doubt dimastech harddisk cage
http://shop.dimastech.it/en/dimastech-hd-support-35-special-4-slot--with-120mm-graphite-black-frontal-fan-support
still fit 4 harddisks with each harddisk having
harddisk fan https://www.newegg.com/Hard-Drive-Cooling/SubCategory/ID-577?Tid=8002
attached on underneath of each harddisk because
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0ScBVdoUW8&t=4m24s
shows how near the distance is between 1 harddisk and
the next harddisk on the top or on underneath.
17:21 edt
highspeed pc chassis letting cdrom, psu unfastened by screw
is dangerous because if highspeed pc chassis is being put
on the floor and someone's feet hit the highspeed pc chassis
a little bit, the psu and cdrom may fell down on the floor
breaking hardwood floor.
21:36 edt
dimastech easyxl has psu draw air sideway :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7H-7TlroLE&t=11m11s
16 april 2017 20:46 edt
with 1 cpu core runs, the other cpu core is shutdown
to save electricity, 1 core cpu temp :
outdoor temp in ashburn, virginia, usa :
76.8 fahrenheit, 24 celcius
source : https://www.wunderground.com/us/va/ashburn
from google (ashburn virginia temp) result 4
with a fan blowing air to my room :
cpu temp after boot : unknown
cpu temp during idle : 39 celcius
cpu temp during stress test javascript :
45 celcius during 100% load in 1 cpu
running stress test :
https://greensock.com/js/speed.html
from google (javascript stress test) result 1
with firefox 51.0.1 internet browser
1 cpu core need 100% cpu load to run that javascript
stress test
2 cpu cores need 50% cpu load maybe for each cpu core.
my cpu system-load-monitor
for linuxmint-xfce only has 1 monitor,
21 april 2017 18:42 edt
putting motherboard on carpet floor may create static electricity
source :
http://www.overclockers.com/forums/showthread.php/636991-Is-it-safe-to-put-the-motherboard-on-the-table-when-adding-components
from google (put motherboard on the floor) result 2
3 august 2017 16:00 edt
installing discrete (stand alone) video card
increase power consumption to 30 watt during idle (doing nothing)
source :
'adding a graphics card increases system idle power.
This is the case across the board, as you can see a
pretty straight increase on all systems:
it's an addition of roughly 30 W compared to
the power consumption from an integrated platform'
in http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/sandy-bridge-efficienct-32-nm,2831-7.html
16:05 edt
memory power consumption is 4 watt for each memory.
source :
'Dell's Power Advisor calculates that
4 GB ECC DDR1333 RDIMMs use about 4 W each.[12]'
in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR3_SDRAM
18 september 2017 18:12 edt
reading
https://www.facebook.com/EnermaxUSA/photos/a.10150160169604954.341875.81272339953/10155790895804954/?type=3
made me compare that case Enermax ECA3520
and my current case
antec.com->300
Dimensions (H x W x D)
18.30" x 8.10" x 18.00"
Weight
15.9 lbs
source : https://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16811129042
from google (antec 300) result 1
Enermax ECA3520
Dimensions (H x W x D)
20.08" x 8.19" x 17.71"
Weight
16.75 lbs.
source :
https://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16811580003&cm_re=Enermax_ECA3520_ATX-_-11-580-003-_-Product
so my case antec.com->300 is more lightweight.
27 oct 2017 10:34 am edt
i realised
https://www.facebook.com/EnermaxUSA/photos/a.10150160169604954.341875.81272339953/10155790895804954/?type=3
Enermax ECA3520 includes 2 120mm led fans in the front panel.
antec.com->300 does not include 2 120mm fans in the front panel.
my antec.com->300 has the rear 120mm fan
being moved to the front panel and that is enough because
my antec.com->300 has only 1 harddisk in the front panel and
my antec.com->300 does not have side panel installed.
so 0.85 lbs difference ( 16.75 lbs - 15.9 lbs )
between enermax eca3520 and antec.com->300
maybe comes from the weight of 2 120mm led fans preinstalled
in the front panel of enermax eca3520.
5 nov 2017
2:51 est
9.70 lbs is the weight of the cheapest lianli case atx mobo.
https://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16811112328
from
https://www.newegg.com/Computer-Cases/BrandSubCat/ID-1375-7?Order=PRICE
that lianli case is made from aluminum.
aluminum maybe can not be detected by earth-magnet.
computer-case made from steel should be detected by earth-magnet.
3:08 est
feng shui used compass.
source : 'compass' in
https://www.thespruce.com/how-do-i-take-the-right-compass-reading-1274516
from google (feng shui compass) result 1
compass is made from steel.
but lightweight aluminium computer case reduce
wood fatigue, metal fatigue in the pillar of a house
if the computer case is located on 2nd floor.
24 nov 2017 2:08 pm est
ddr4 memory can not be inserted to ddr3 motherboard
source :
google (ddr4 backward compatible with ddr3)
thinking of adding memory to my father's laptop,
dell inspiron m5040, currently has 4 gb ram but 3.8 gb ram available
because m5040 integrated video card must have been eating
the rest of the ram (around 2 mb). whether m5040 accepts
1 piece 8 gb memory dimm.
'The Inspiron M5040 system supports dual-channel
DDR3 SDRAM with memory speeds of 1333 MHz
to a maximum of 8GB(2X4GB). You can upgrade depending
on the memory currently installed on your computer.
If you currently have a 4GB memory module on your system,
you can add another 4GB. If your system currently has 2x2GB
memory modules, you can either remove one 2GB module and add
a 4GB module to make it 6GB or you can add two 4GB modules
to make it 8GB. '
in
http://en.community.dell.com/support-forums/laptop/f/3518/t/19660859
from yahoo (dell m5040 memory) result 1
does that mean 1 memory slot has 4 gb memory dimm size limit ?
can 1 memory slot accept 8 gb memory dimm ?
memory power consumption is 4 watt for each memory.
source :
'Dell's Power Advisor calculates that
4 GB ECC DDR1333 RDIMMs use about 4 W each.[12]'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR3_SDRAM
so installing 1 big memory dimm is more power-efficient,
producing less nuclear waste
than installing 2 semi-big memory dimm.
1 dec 2017 5:56 pm est
there is a poll
https://www.facebook.com/InWinUSA/photos/a.149741398439811.39078.143503449063606/1599049373508999/?type=3&theater
showing a case with a glass side panel.
makes me remember that..
if that case is being left in outdoor area
under the sun accidentally then
glass side panel can create greenhouse effect, raising temperature
inside that case.
a car being parked under the sun can make
that car's interior temperature reaches 172 f (78 c) when outdoor
temperature reaches 80 f (26 c)
source :
1. 'On hotter days, temperatures can reach over 150°F',
in
http://www.sae.org/standardsdev/tsb/cooperative/int_temp.pdf
from google (car interior temperature in summer) result 2
2. 'Basically the car becomes a greenhouse',
'When temperatures outside range from 80 degrees to 100 degrees,
the temperature inside a car parked in direct sunlight
can quickly climb to between 130 to 172'
in
http://heatkills.org/how-hot/
3. '65.556 degrees celsius' in google (150 f to ce) result 1
4. '26.667 degrees celsius' in google (80 f to c)
a computer case contain cmos battery (lithium ion battery).
lithium ion battery should be stored in cool place
source :
Store the battery at temperatures between 5 °C and 20 °C (41 °F and 68 °F).
NOTE. The battery self-discharges during storage.
Higher temperatures (above 20 °C or 68 °F) reduce the battery storage life
in
http://www.newark.com/pdfs/techarticles/tektronix/LIBMG.pdf
from google (lithium battery storage temperature) result 4
harddisk inside computer case should be stored in cool place as well.
source :
Temperature, Operating (°C)
0 to 60
Temperature, Nonoperating (°C)
-40 to 70
in
http://www.tomshardware.com/forum/297065-32-minimum-hard-drive-temperature
from google (harddisk platter storage temperature) result 7
metal computer case side panel is more protective for transport.
computer case side panel should be removed when that computer
is not being transported,
to allow more air to cool down the interior of computer case.
aluminium case is easily scratched but lightweight, does not
induce wood fatigue, metal fatigue on building pillars.
25 december 2017 6:40 pm est
add 'computer (indo, maybe year 2000 maybe year 2001)'
in this text
25 december 2017 7:00 pm est
25 june 2017 maybe between 3 pm to 5 pm,
i tried to remove heat sink from
dell's motherboard for dell dimension 8250
but failed.
i succeed using a wrench to destroy
4 plastic screws tips, those 4 tips
stick out underneath
dimension 8250 motherboard tray,
those 4 screw tips looks like a cone
which can shrink to
penetrate motherboard tray then
the screw tips cone enlarge
so the screw tips can not
be pulled out from motherboard
tray,
so i destroy those 4 screw tips cones
by grabbing those 4 screw tips using
a wrench then twist the wrench repeatedly.
destroying those 4 screw tips makes
those 4 screw tips cones
thin enough to fit the screw hole and
can be pulled out from motherboard
tray.
then i fail using a wrench
to push those 4 plastic screws tips
to unplug those 4 plastic screws
from the heat sink.
maybe 11 or 12 or 13 october 2017 (dog month),
around 7:30 pm est (dog hour),
i succeed using a flat head screwdriver
to wedge away those 4 plastic screws,
to unplug those 4 plastic screws
from the heat sink.
then i remove the heat sink from
dimension 8250 motherboard.
those 4 plastic screws have a screw head
which is smooth,
does not have 'slotted recessed drive',
does not have 'phillips recessed drive',
rather flexible,
can be destroyed rather easily.
if a screw head
is destroyed then
removing that headless screw
would be more difficult,
i stick a flat head screwdriver
below that screw head then
twist that flat head screwdriver
clockwise, counterclockwise repeatedly
to push away that screw head from
the heat sink.
recessed drive source :
'recessed drive'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screw
from google (screw wiki) result 1
(revised 29 dec 2017 8:43 pm est,
30 dec 2017 4:41 pm est,
31 dec 2017 10:51 am est)
1 february 2018 9:4 pm est
year 2007 i bought 2 laptops 1 for deborah, 1 for my father,
custom ordered from lenovo website.
x60 models, 1 for deborah still works,
the other x60 for my father broke after 1.5 years, the warranty
is 1 year.
maybe the motherboard broke, that x60 could not boot,
only shows black screen.
lenovo technician willing to repair that x60 for
maybe 600 usd maximum. i did not repair that x60 laptop.
i check the maximum repair cost is 700 usd now.
source :
'700' in
https://forums.lenovo.com/t5/ThinkPad-T61-and-prior-T-series/Cost-to-repair-out-of-warranty-t60/td-p/234142
from
google (lenovo laptop repair cost after warranty) result 2
that dell inspiron m5040, bought in early february 2012,
in bestbuy, still works now.
custom order maybe has higher defect risk.
maybe it is better to buy whatever laptop is available
on the shelf in a store.
3 february 2018 3:06 pm est
dell inspiron m5040 shutdown by itself.
file /var/log/syslog
shows :
Feb 3 09:28:21 a kernel: [ 4910.292598] perf: interrupt took too long (2523 > 2500), lowering kernel.perf_event_max_sample_rate to 79250
--> maybe that m5040 shutdown by itself here
then i turn on that m5040....
Feb 3 09:38:19 a rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="8.16.0" x-pid="848" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] start
20 aug 2018 4:51 pm edt, 7:2 pm edt, 7:4 pm edt
july 2017, ram month :
i broke my dell-dimension-8250's harddisk.
harddisk model is western-digital wd-caviar wd1200.
i ran that dell-dimension-8250 without its case.
i discard that dell-dimension-8250-case after event
https://www.facebook.com/arnon.jaya/posts/10158956867010441?__xts__%5B0%5D=68.ARAEpWyRbr7WlkTX7c27kYKQPYhBdWkE2S-naWqMW8i1LFMiok__3qi7G7vQtkUY7B9xL8YzytFxrZuGbL1i8sx_h0UEMKyRLIWumLYwsJtbE2Nk5pBMAGWbmIC2-zUDqsFDWnYd519h&__tn__=-R
i don't know
whether republic-garbage-collector
https://www.republicservices.com/all-in-one-recycling?tab=local
from google (republic trash recycling)
recycle that case or not.
dell-dimension-8250 motherboard is foxconn-motherboard.
dell-dimension-8250 has motherboard-tray for
that foxconn-motherboard.
i thought that motherboard-tray can become open-air-case
but no...
because a stand-alone-video-card has a metal-plate for connector for
vga-cable, that metal-plate-connector will go below
that motherboard-tray, trying to puncture floor
where that motherboard-tray sits.
i tried putting that motherboard-tray above a
cardboard, then i put that harddisk above
a cardboard as well
because of harddisk-cable-length-limitation.
so i ran that harddisk sitting above a cardboard
then that harddisk suffer read-ddmy-dma-error.
then i realised that harddisk-heat comes out from
underneath harddisk as well as from above harddisk.
so much heat comes out from underneath harddisk
even though that harddisk is outside a case....
i was trying to run that old harddisk from dell-dimension-8250
to transfer files from my other computer with broken-linuxmint.
i tried to play crash-bandicoot video-game in my linuxmint then
i can not boot my linuxmint. then i use that
old harddisk from dell-dimension-8250, to save files
from my linuxmint.
22 sep 2018 3:51 am edt
add find 'review for computer-case lian-li pc-65b :' in this text
25 sep 2018 3:39 pm edt
add find 'review for asus-p8h61-m le :' in this text
25 sep 2018 7:27 pm edt
add
reason i sell this computer in craigslist : [25 sep 2018 7:17 pm edt]
12 oct 2018 4:26 pm edt
add
suggestion : maybe if cmos battery is not on motherboard then
12 oct 2018 4:30 pm edt
add
'b' for enter 'bios'
12 oct 2018 4:34 pm edt
add
so mouse-click-action is reduced.
12 oct 2018 5:1 pm edt
add
12 oct 2018 5:1 pm
to
enter today's date and timezone :
11 dec 2018 12:59 pm est:insert 'put usb-memory inside motherboard to remember user-selection?'
11 dec 2018 1:4 pm est:insert 'but usb-memory maybe is not worth installing because motherboard-clock still need cmos-battery'
17 jul 2020 3:27 pm edt:
(1/5)#add# #c-1#
(2/5)#add# #c-2#
(3/5)#add# #c-3#
(4/5)#reword# dell 17 inch 1708fpt lcd
#to# (1)1-sep-2007 => 17-jun-2019 around 5 pm edt : dell->1708-fpt lcd-17-inch 223 usd. ending : produce clear-smoke from right-edge-area and produce burning-odor and show flickering display then stop showing display then i use parents-money to pay 25 usd to bestbuy to recycle that dell->1708-fpt) [source:dell.com->email-receipt]
(5/5)#add# (2)18-jun-2019 around 12:40 pm edt : hp->21-kd lcd-20.7-inch 91 usd [source:bestbuy.com->email-receipt]
17 jul 2020 3:33 pm edt:
#reword# - speaker : harman kardon hk395
#to# - speaker : sometimes harman-kardon-hk-395, sometimes maxtron (maybe china-made-speaker, from my father from indonesia)
17 jul 2020 3:36 pm edt:
#reword#
(my sister deborah kim nee jaya used this speaker
then used laptop then i took this speaker)
#to#
(my sister deborah-kim used harman-kardon-hk-395 then my father sometimes use harman-kardon-hk-395, i use maxtron)
17 jul 2020 3:37 pm edt:#reword# $175.31 #to# 175.31 usd
17 jul 2020 3:43 pm edt:
#reword# - power supply : dynex model : dx-400wps 400 watt
#to# - power supply : dynex model : dx-400wps 400 watt [dynexproducts.com/pdp/DX-400WPS/8311052 from google (dx-400wps) result 3]
4 sep 2020 9:24 pm edt:
year 2008, during working in iowa-state-uni->veterinary-diagnostics-lab, my supervisor randy-berghefer give
flexibility to custom-order dell.com->optiplex-mid-tower-desktop to me. i choose 2 western-digital->raptor-10,000-rpm hard-disk.
1 western-digital->raptor-10,000-rpm-hard-disk fail then dell-warranty renew that failed
western-digital->raptor-10,000-rpm-hard-disk.
now i realise that western-digital->raptor-10,000-rpm-hard-disk must have been hotter than normal-and-usual
7200 rpm hard-disk.
dell.com did not put hard-disk-fan to cool-down that 2 western-digital->raptor-10,000-rpm-hard-disk.
so dell.com has good-warranty. but bad-design ? or maybe dell lack supplier willing to supply hard-disk-fan.
i resign-then-left-2-week-after-randy-berghefer-approve-resignation-request, 19-nov-2010 i stop using that dell-desktop.
[addition 4 sep 2020 9:49 pm edt]
why i think dell.com suffer problem finding supplier ?
find 'usa provide right to refuse customer' in wortel.ucoz.com/youtube_etc.htm
[addition 4 sep 2020 10:2 pm edt]
antec.com->antec-300-desktop has a place for hard-disk-fan but antec.com did not put hard-disk-fan.
antec.com-customer must buy hard-disk-fan separately. so maybe antec.com suffer problem finding hard-disk-fan-supplier
as well.
[/addition 4 sep 2020 10:2 pm edt]
[addition 25 sep 2020 3:7 pm edt]
every-time i attach hard-disk-fan to computer-case, hard-disk-fan-screw-hole become bigger then eventually screw
can not attach hard-disk-fan to computer-case.
so i prefer computer-case which come with hard-disk-fan already attached.
[/addition 25 sep 2020 3:7 pm edt]
[/addition 4 sep 2020 9:49 pm edt]
[addition 4 sep 2020 10:25 pm edt]
find 'electric-cable interfere compass:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HcPDc23ZLEs#15_jan_2019_5_4_pm_est (The Deflection of a Magnetic Compass Needle by a Current in a Wire) from youtube-search(electricity compass)result 1'
in wortel.ucoz.com/youtube_etc.htm
so hard-disk-fan-cable maybe interfere hard-disk-internal-component but hard-disk-metal-shell maybe protective-faraday-cage.
heat-problem maybe is more destructive.
[/addition 4 sep 2020 10:25 pm edt]
4 sep 2020 9:44 pm edt:#reword# i resign-then-left 20-nov-2010 #to# i resign-then-left 19-nov-2010
4 sep 2020 9:50 pm edt:#add# addition 4 sep 2020 9:49 pm edt
4 sep 2020 9:54 pm edt:
#reword# i resign-then-left 19-nov-2010, i stop using that dell-desktop
#to# i resign-then-left-2-week-after-randy-berghefer-approve-resignation-request, 19-nov-2010 i stop using that dell-desktop.
4 sep 2020 10:11 pm edt:#add# addition 4 sep 2020 10:2 pm edt
4 sep 2020 10:14 pm edt:
(1)#reword# lian li #to# lian-li.com
(2)#reword# pc-65b #to# pc-65-b
(3)#add# [source:'lian-li.com' in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lian_Li]
(4)#reword# antec-300 #to# antec.com->300
(5)#reword# antec 300 #to# antec.com->300
4 sep 2020 10:22 pm edt:#add# [source:'antec.com' in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antec]
4 sep 2020 10:26 pm edt:#add# addition 4 sep 2020 10:25 pm edt
6 sep 2020 3:44 pm edt:
#reword# custom-order dell.com-desktop to me #to# custom-order dell.com->optiplex-mid-tower-desktop to me
#because i received reminder from# washingtondc.craigslist[dot]org/nva/sop/d/aldie-dell-optiplex-755-8gb-3ghz-250gb/7191398179.html
25 sep 2020 3:9 pm edt:#add# addition 25 sep 2020 3:7 pm edt
25 sep 2020 3:12 pm edt:
#reword# so i prefer computer-case which come with hard-disk-fan already installed, attached.
#to# so i prefer computer-case which come with hard-disk-fan already attached.
28 sep 2020 8:49 pm edt:#add# google.com/maps/@-6.9846981,110.431562,3a,75y,302.78h,76.15t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sOoB9NYSqGdLlsYTCFVz4Rw!2e0!7i16384!8i8192
2 oct 2020 6:4 pm edt:
#add#
L1-cache 64 kb x 2, L2-cache 1.12 mb [source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athlon_64#San_Diego_(90_nm_SOI) from wikipedia -> ( AMD San diego ) result 3]
hypertransport 1000 mhz
vcore 1.35 v or 1.4 v
tdp 104 watt max
release-date : 15-apr-2005
2 oct 2020 6:7 pm edt:
#reword#
- cpu : Intel-Celeron 2.5GHz Processor G540-BX80623G540
#to#
- cpu : Intel-Celeron 2.5 GHz Processor G-540-BX80623G540, 2 core, 2 thread, cache 2 mb, memory-bus-speed 5 giga-transfer / second dmi-type, 2 memory-channel, tdp 65 watt [source:https://ark.intel.com/products/53416/Intel-Celeron-Processor-G540-2M-Cache-2_50-GHz]
14 oct 2020 8:44 pm edt:(1/2)#change html-tag to [ and ]# [mistake]
(2/2)#change html-tag to [ and ]# [number]
======================================================================
11 dec 2024 2:44 am est : end 3:53 am est
i realise walmart.com only sell restored-condition and refurbished-condition for this laptop-model
hp.com->15-fd-008-wm : https://www.walmart.com/search?q=15fd0083wm&typeahead=15fd008-wm
, and my mother already buy that hp.com->15-fd-008-wm for my father because my father's dell.com->inspiron-model-with-amd-cpu-e-450
2 cpu-core with maximum frequency 1.65 ghz , start showing power-supply-not-compatible-warning-message during boot , i think that have meaning
about to become mortem .
[addition 13 dec 2024 5:51 am est] end 5:58 am est
today my father's dell.com->inspiron-m-5040-with-amd-cpu-e-450 after getting linuxmint.com-18.2 , power-supply-warning-msg
'ac power adapter wattage and type can not be determined , battery may not charge , system will adjust performance
to match power available please connect dell 65 watt adapter or greater for best system performance ,
strike f3 ( before f1 , f2 key ) if you don't want to see power warning again , strike f1 to continue , f2 to run setup utility'
is not showing-up anymore . maybe power-adapter-cable which connect to that dell.com->inspiron-m-5040 , is not fully-in like what forgotten-forum
describe , but i feel i always fully-insert that power-adapter-cable to that dell.com->inspiron-m-5040 .
target.com-laptop-shop only tell cpu-base-frequency / cpu-minimum-frequency ,
not telling cpu-turbo-boost-frequency / cpu-burst-frequency / cpu-maximum-frequency .
i still need to check 'screw' , 'stand-off' price but today that dell.com->inspiron-m-5040 not showing power-supply-warning-msg ,
so i delay checking 'screw' , 'stand-off' price . if i choose pre-owned housing in ebay.com then i need 'screw' , 'stand-off' price
[/addition 13 dec 2024 5:51 am est]
hp.com->15-fd-008-wm contain cpu intel-n-200 4 cpu-core with maximum frequency 3.7 ghz , minimum frequency unknown .
i think that is too hot for laptop .
dell.com->inspiron-model-with-intel-cpu currently use core i-3--1215-U 2 cpu-core with maximum frequency 4.4 or 3.3 ghz , minimum frequency 1.2 or 0.9 ghz .
dell.com->inspiron-model-with-amd-cpu currently use ryzen-3 7320-U 4 cpu-core with maximum frequency 4.1 ghz , minimum frequency 2.4 ghz .
so i start searching computer-component and find this interesting merchandise ( replace 'www-ebay' with 'www.ebay' because ucoz.com block '.ebay' ) :
---https://www-ebay.com/itm/286099003697 from
https://www-ebay.com/sch/i.html?_from=R40&_trksid=p2334524.m570.l1313&_nkw=Athlon+64&_sacat=0&_fsrp=1&rt=nc&_odkw=Athlon+64+1ghz&_osacat=0&_dcat=164&Clock%2520Speed=1%252E5%252D1%252E99%2520GHz
AMD Athlon 64 2650E 1.6GHz Socket AM2 Desktop CPU ADG2650IAV4DP ( not including thermal-jelly , not including heat-sink , not including heat-sink-fan )
10 usd
am2+ motherboard plus unknown amd-cpu 25 usd plus heat-sink plus heat-sink-fan already attached
---https://www-ebay.com/itm/146178423741
4 giga-byte ddr-2 memory 16 usd
---https://www-ebay.com/itm/196336748806
Apevia RAPTOR 500 W ATX Power Supply with 120 MM Black Fan 28 usd
---https://www.walmart.com/ip/Apevia-RAPTOR500W-Raptor-500W-ATX-Power-Supply-with-120MM-Black-Fan/9394170327?classType=REGULAR&from=/search
or maybe
Power Man IP-P300BN1-0 H 300W Switching Power Supply (20+4)pin (4+4)pin 12V SATA 14 usd
---https://www-ebay.com/itm/405117374665
sata-hard-disk 7200 rpm 320 gb 12 usd
---https://www.newegg.com/p/pl?N=100167523&Order=1&isdeptsrh=1
or
500 GB SATA III 7.2K 3.5" Desktop Hard Drive Disk Western Digital #6A 12.73 usd
---https://www-ebay.com/itm/156559749650
or
ssd 128 gb 9 usd ,
256 gb 17 usd https://www.newegg.com/p/pl?N=100011693&page=2&Order=1&isdeptsrh=1 ,
512 gb 28 usd https://www.newegg.com/p/pl?N=100011693&page=5&Order=1&isdeptsrh=1
---https://www.newegg.com/p/pl?N=100011692&cm_sp=shop-all-products-_-categroy-_-SSD-top
or
Lenovo 1.92 TB Solid State Drive - 3.5" Internal - SATA [SATA/600] - Read 30 usd
---https://www-ebay.com/itm/335727771341
or
WD SSD 500GB Blue SA510 SATA Internal Solid State Drive WDS500G3B0A 30 usd
---https://www-ebay.com/itm/395975342145
Thermaltake Versa H21 SPCC ATX Mid Tower Computer Chassis CA-1B2-00M1NN-00,Black 50 usd
---https://www.walmart.com/ip/Thermaltake-Versa-H21-SPCC-ATX-Mid-Tower-Computer-Chassis-CA-1B2-00M1NN-00-Black/13779750444?classType=REGULAR&from=/search
or
antec-300 35 usd ( maybe antec-300 because harddisk-position is normal , not vertical but now i realise ssd-price is cheap enough now so maybe i
choose ssd and choose that new 'Thermaltake Versa H21' then i do not need to buy separate motherboard-screw and power-supply-screw because
pre-owned antec-300 maybe lack motherboard-screw lack psu-screw maybe i will ask seller if i decide to buy )
---https://www-ebay.com/itm/355104504227?_skw=antec+300+case&hash=item52ade0b9a3:g:AnoAAOSwMJFlKYRk
or maybe
DIYPC DIY-S07 Black Steel ATX USB3.0 Mid Tower Computer Case w 4 x 120mm Black Fan (Pre-Installed) 42 usd , which can only have ssd
---https://www.newegg.com/p/N82E16811353183?Item=N82E16811353183
PC Computer Screws Standoffs Set Kit for Hard Drive Computer Motherboard 5 usd
---https://www-ebay.com/itm/176662220972
MSI ATI Radeon RX2600XT 256MB PCIe-x16 GDDR3 DVIx2 Passive Cooling Graphics Card 15 usd
---https://www-ebay.com/itm/125938447436?_skw=pci+express+x16+graphics+card+passive+cooling&hash=item1d5284344c:g:6GoAAOSwbSJkZOsF
ASUS GeForce 8400 GS 512MB DDR2 PCI Express 2.0 x16 Low Profile Ready Video Card EN8400GS SILENT/DI/512MD2(LP) pre-owned 30 usd new 50 usd
---https://www.newegg.com/asus-geforce-8400-gs-en8400gs-silent-di-512md2/p/N82E16814121428?Item=9SIAGSCK7G7896
screw for psu/power-supply : come with psu [source : https://www.reddit.com/r/buildapc/comments/88hj8z/which_screws_for_psu/ from google ( computer case power supply screw ) result 2 ]
semi-total 162 usd ( i choose most-expensive-choice for every component )
monitor 60 usd
---https://www.walmart.com/ip/Sceptre-LED-monitor-20-19-5-viewable-1600-x-900-HD-75-Hz-TN-250-cd-m-3000-1-3-ms-HDMI-VGA-speakers-black/984680033
keyboard 12 usd
---https://www.newegg.com/p/0GA-0961-00001?Item=9SIBT5SK5E0245 not showing in 'wired' , 'usb' category https://www.newegg.com/p/pl?Order=1&N=101702350%20600009731%20600009662
mouse ...already have
total 234 usd
=========================================================================
11 dec 2024 3:54 am est : #add# ( replace 'www-ebay' with 'www.ebay' because ucoz.com block '.ebay' )
=========================================================================
11 dec 2024 4:24 am est : #add# or maybe ---https://www.newegg.com/p/N82E16811353183?Item=N82E16811353183 with ssd
=========================================================================
11 dec 2024 4:37 am est :
----https://www.10stripe.com/featured/quick/pci-express-2-0.php#bc from google ( pci express 2.0 x 16 backward compatible ) result 1
pcie 2.0 is 100 % backward compatible . pcie 1.x card ought to work in pcie 2.0 motherboard .
The link will have to clock down to slower pcie 1.x speed . But since that is as fast as that card is designed to communicate anyway ,
no performance will be lost.
=========================================================================
11 dec 2024 4:56 am est :
#reword# or maybe ---https://www.newegg.com/p/N82E16811353183?Item=N82E16811353183 with ssd
#to# or maybe ---https://www.newegg.com/p/N82E16811353183?Item=N82E16811353183
DIYPC DIY-S07 Black Steel ATX USB3.0 Mid Tower Computer Case w 4 x 120mm Black Fan (Pre-Installed) 42 usd , which can only have ssd
=========================================================================
11 dec 2024 5 am est : #add# maybe i will ask seller if i decide to buy
=========================================================================
12 dec 2024 12:4 am est :
screw :
(1)psu , 3.5 inch hard-drive : 6-32 screw
(2)cd-rom-drive , motherboard : m-3 x 0.5
(3)motherboard-stand-off .
[source : https://superuser.com/questions/326203/is-there-a-standard-name-for-the-standard-computer-screw from google ( motherboard psu harddisk screw size ) result 1 ]
==========================================================================
13 dec 2024 5:55 am est : #add# [addition 13 dec 2024 5:51 am est]
==========================================================================
14 dec 2024 2:57 am est :
(1)#add# ---https://www-ebay.com/itm/176662220972
PC Computer Screws Standoffs Set Kit for Hard Drive Computer Motherboard 5 usd
(2)#add# Power Man IP-P300BN1-0 H 300W Switching Power Supply (20+4)pin (4+4)pin 12V SATA 14 usd
---https://www-ebay.com/itm/405117374665
==========================================================================
14 dec 2024 3:8 am est : end 6:43 am est
#add# or
500 GB SATA III 7.2K 3.5" Desktop Hard Drive Disk Western Digital #6A 12.73 usd
---https://www-ebay.com/itm/156559749650
============================================================================
14 dec 2024 3:16 am est : end 6:43 am est
#add#
or
Lenovo 1.92 TB Solid State Drive - 3.5" Internal - SATA [SATA/600] - Read 30 usd
---https://www-ebay.com/itm/335727771341
or
WD SSD 500GB Blue SA510 SATA Internal Solid State Drive WDS500G3B0A 30 usd
---https://www-ebay.com/itm/395975342145
============================================================================
15 dec 2024 8:48 pm est : end 10:48 pm est
14 dec 2024 7:20 pm est : my computer ( find '#c-3#' ) during memtest-86 to test memory produce error-message 'unexpected interrupt halting cpu0' .
1 time after turning-on , immediately turn-off-then-turn-on again repeatedly for around 3 time .
then now if my computer is on then monitor show 'no signal' .
[addition 16 dec 2024 4:16 am est] end 4:41 am est
i think event sequence :
[addition 18 dec 2024 9:35 pm est]
(1)in linuxmint.com->18.2->cinnamon : keyboard stop working , use mouse to click restart-button then keyboard work again .
i forgot to check /var/log/syslog for error-event during that time . this happen 2 time not consecutively .
[/addition 18 dec 2024 9:35 pm est]
(2)linuxmint.com->18.2->cinnamon freeze/become-non-responsive suddenly .
i memorise time-during-non-responsive-event , reboot then check /var/log/syslog and i can not find any event during time-during-non-responsive-event .
event prior time-during-non-responsive-event seems non-error-event and non-relevant .
and that non-responsive-event happen 3 time already , last 2 non-responsive-event happen on around 6:30 pm 2 consecutive day .
but i only start checking /var/log/syslog for that last non-responsive-event .
(3)i insert linuxmint.com->18.2->cinnamon-live-usb then reboot then i select menu 'memtest-86' to test memory then
during memtest-86 to test memory , error-message 'unexpected interrupt halting cpu0' show-up while screen is non-responsive-and-show-flicker-debris
but there is no actual screen-flickering .
[addition 18 dec 2024 4:30 am est] end 4:42 am est
and while that error-message 'unexpected interrupt halting cpu0' show-up , many memory-error-message in red-color also show-up .
so just like https://www.reddit.com/r/Ubuntu/comments/ecgmpi/kernel_panic_along_with_failed_memtest86/ from reddit.com->search ( memtest86 ) .
so i think memory is bad . do i buy 2 gb memory for testing or 4 gb memory for real usage . maybe i buy 2 gb memory for testing only .
if that 2 gb memory can make my computer work then i buy another 2 gb memory to fill empty memory slot because empty memory slot gather dust
and dust is bad for motherboard . i realise i have 2 2 gb memory and all those 2 2 gb memory is bad ? can not make my computer do post/power-on-self-test ?
that is difficult to believe .
this memtest-86 seems run forever never stop like my computer stopping :
youtube.com/watch?v=n-tKZlyuOdQ ( Memtest86+ Failing ) from youtube-search ( memtest86+ fail )
[/addition 18 dec 2024 4:30 am est]
(4)i reboot my computer and psu turn-off-then-turn-on again repeatedly for around 4 time .
then my computer turn-on and monitor show message 'no signal' .
(5)if i turn-on my computer then monitor always show message 'no signal' .
i can hear psu is running , fan is running . so i think psu is working , but i curious is psu providing enough ampere or not , i do not have multi-meter
to check .
i think i want to bring my computer without hard-disk to ubreakifix.com to be inspected , i feel suspicious memory-or-motherboard is bad ,
or psu-or-motherboard is bad . i think cpu is ok .
[/addition 16 dec 2024 4:16 am est]
[addition 16 dec 2024 8:20 pm est]
i plan to ask ubreakifix.com to :
(1)test my psu via method using my psu in working-computer .
(2)test my memory via method memtest-86 or use my memory in working-computer .
[/addition 16 dec 2024 8:20 pm est]
i can hear psu is running , fan running . so i think psu is working .
so i think motherboard is mortem . i make mistake , i did not know about motherboard-beep-speaker which produce beep indicating error-code .
14 dec 2024 around 11:34 pm my mother order motherboard-beep-speaker for me from amazon.com , i ask my mother to order so my mother can refund
that motherboard-beep-speaker in whole-foods-grocery-shop if that motherboard-beep-speaker does not work . but that motherboard-beep-speaker
estimated arrival date is 26 dec 2024 . i need motherboard-beep-speaker to know psu fail or motherboard fail ?
now i am check price of motherboard , cpu , memory .
[addition 14 jan 2025 10:40 pm est]
motherboard-beep-speaker-arrival-date is delayed from 26 dec 2024 to 8 jan 2025 .
then delayed from 8 jan 2025 to 14 jan 2025 and if motherboard-beep-speaker does not arrive during 14 jan 2025 then amazon.com offer refund 15 jan 2025 .
14 jan 2025 4:46 pm est : my mother check mail-box and find that motherboard-beep-speaker already arrived , from china-country->guangdong-province->zhongshan-city .
[source : en.wikipedia.org->search-auto-complete ( zongshan ) ] .
after buying i realise seller-location is china , sending item via china-post which work with usps.com
only 1 shipping-option is available .
i install that motherboard-beep-speaker and i hear 1 long beep and 2 short beep ( american-megatrend-inc-bios/ami-bios ) which means memory-ram is bad .
[source :https://www.computerhope.com/beep.htm from google ( ami bios hot cpu beep ) result 9 ]
now i plan to ask my mother to buy memory-ram from amazon.com-usa-seller which sell memory-ram with higher price than amazon.com-china-seller ,
i want faster delivery . i still can not believe both 2 memory ram is bad , or maybe motherboard is bad ? but at least motherboard is good enough to
make motherboard-beep-speaker produce beep-noise .
[/addition 14 jan 2025 10:40 pm est]
[addition 15 jan 2025 7:28 pm est]
motherboard-beep-speaker : https://www.amazon.com/GLANSI-Motherboard-Computer-Internal-Security/dp/B0CVRYD3L1/
[/addition 15 jan 2025 7:28 pm est]
i realise pre-owned motherboard is maybe half-mortem , so i want new motherboard , and new generation motherboard need new generation cpu
need new generation memory , so i am shopping new motherboard , new cpu , new memory .
and i am still thinking about bringing my computer to ubreakifix.com because i hesitant about buying thermal-jelly for just 1 usage .
but i think whole usa , this semi-ocean-shore-city usa->virginia-state->fairfax-county->springfield-city is not customer-service-city .
male-hair-cut-price is 35 usd or 40 usd , government-swimming-pool-entry-price 11 usd , everything is expensive in this city near usa-capital-city-dc .
---https://www.google.com/maps/dir/6832+Earthstar+Court,+West+Springfield,+VA/uBreakiFix+-+Phone+and+Computer+Repair,+Loisdale+Road,+Springfield,+VA/@38.7734813,-77.2138478,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x89b652bbb997da6b:0x5207ad99dbe06b4b!2m2!1d-77.2096932!2d38.7677995!1m5!1m1!1s0x89b7ad5be747dd31:0x5cee8820fef3a20f!2m2!1d-77.1789007!2d38.7727848!3e0?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MTIxMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D
[addition 18 dec 2024 4:43 am est]
17 dec 2024 3:30 pm est , my mother give me car-ride to ubreakifix.com and we arrive around 4 pm est , i talk to cashier telling my goal is to know
why my computer can not show bios ? i request check-up for my memory and power-supply . cashier not appear friendly telling me diagnostics price is 60 usd
ubreakifix.com say diagnostics price is free . so i return to my car telling my mother i want to cancel but my mother say 60 usd is ok you go ahead buy
that computer-repair-service , so i use my mother's bofa.com-credit-card to pay then we return home but on the way home i realise i did not tell
component-brand-name to cashier so i ask my mother to return to ubreakifix.com then this time i meet maybe manager not cashier , telling that manager
that i want to scribe component-brand-name but that manager say we can fix without knowing component-brand-name , then i ask
how can you know motherboard-beep-speaker-plug-location in motherboard without reading motherboard-brand-user-manual ?
motherboard-beep-speaker goes where ? then that manager point to many location on my motherboard while telling me what that location do ,
then i repeat my question : motherboard-beep-speaker goes where ? then manager point finger to wrong location on my motherboard then i cancel my service-request .
that manager say i think i am smarter than his technician . i reply i think manager is incompetent and does not know how to manage technician .
that ubreakifix.com-shop-cashier-room contain tv which produce music maybe intended to create miscommunication between cashier and customer so customer
get bloated invoice or some delay-tactic which bloat invoice .
[/addition 18 dec 2024 4:43 am est]
[addition 8 feb 2025 3:34 pm est] end 4:44 pm est
solution : apparently i did not press memory downward strong enough to make memory-latch do latching-process to that memory .
so monitor show message 'no signal' .
but motherboard-beep-speaker does not beep anymore like announcing everything is ok which is wrong because memory-installation is not ok .
apparently if i press memory downward strong enough to make memory-latch do latching-process to that memory then
monitor show bios-post-message show up .
i buy pre-owned almost identical asus.com-motherboard in amazon.com , same model number but have additional model-name 'csm r 2.0'
amazon.com/ASUS-P8H61-M-CSM-R2-0-Motherboard/dp/B008NA1K0S/ .
that pre-owned motherboard have cpu-cover which need to be open with this procedure : youtube.com/watch?v=Seu7O6IbATU&t=4m10s ( ASUS How-To - Install CPU, CPU Fan, & Memory ) from google ( ... ) .
during i install memory in that pre-owned motherboard while that motherboard is on top of that motherboard-plastic-packacing :
memory-latch do latching-process and that make me realise that i never see that latching-process happening during
i install memory in my old motherboard . so i try to make memory-latch do latching-process during installing memory in my old motherboard and
monitor show bios-post-message .
so now i have :
(1)extra motherboard amazon.com/ASUS-P8H61-M-CSM-R2-0-Motherboard/dp/B008NA1K0S/ ASUS P8H61-M LE/CSM R2.0 LGA 1155 Intel H61 Micro ATX Intel Motherboard .
(2)extra memory 2 gb amazon.com/Tech-2GB-Replacement-497157-B88-497157-B88-ATC/dp/B07SV4X8TD/ a-tech 2 gb 7 usd from usa->from usa->ohio-state
(3)extra video-card amazon.com/VisionTek-Radeon-5450-DVI-I-Graphics/dp/B01BWLMWJM/ or visiontek.com/products/visiontek-radeon%E2%84%A2-5450-1gb-ddr3-dvi-i-hdmi-vga .
maybe i construct 2-nd computer someday .
[/addition 8 feb 2025 3:34 pm est]
---https://www.newegg.com/msi-pro-h610m-g-wifi-ddr4/p/N82E16813144573?Item=N82E16813144573&SoldByNewegg=1#IsFeedbackTab
MSI PRO PRO H610M-G WIFI DDR4 LGA 1700 Intel H610 SATA 6Gb/s Micro ATX Motherboard 100 usd
---https://www.newegg.com/p/N82E16813128648?Item=9SIBWH3KB57184
GIGABYTE GA-H81M-DS2 LGA 1150 Intel H81 SATA 6Gb/s USB 3.0 Micro ATX Intel Motherboard (haswell) 53 usd
--https://www.newegg.com/intel-core-i3-12100f-core-i3-12th-gen-alder-lake-lga-1700-desktop-processor/p/N82E16819118357?Item=9SIASGMHU02073
Intel Core i3-12100F - Core i3 12th Gen Alder Lake Quad-Core 3.3 GHz LGA 1700 58W Desktop Processor - BX8071512100F 75 usd
---https://www-ebay.com/itm/335632945137
Intel Celeron G1820TE 2.2GHz LGA1150 Desktop CPU Processor SR1T6 10 usd
---https://www.newegg.com/a-tech-8gb-ddr5-4800/p/0RN-005A-00UD0?Item=9SIAMBVKB03560
8GB RAM Replacement for Hynix HMCG66AEBUA, HMCG66AEBUA084N, HMCG66MEBUA, HMCG66MEBUA081N, HMCG66MEBUA084N | DDR5 4800MHz PC5-38400 DIMM 1Rx16 Desktop Memory 21 usd
---https://www.newegg.com/patriot-8gb-288-pin-ddr5-sdram/p/N82E16820225294?Item=N82E16820225294&SoldByNewegg=1
Patriot Signature Line 8GB 288-Pin PC RAM DDR5 4800 (PC5 38400) Desktop Memory Model PSD58G480041 28 usd
intel generation 12 : alder-lake [source : google ( intel 12 generation code name ) result 1 ]
intel generation 13 : raptor-lake [source : google ( intel 13th generation code name ) result 1 ]
oem cpu : cpu sold in bulk to oem-maker like dell.com , hp.com , lenovo.com , etc [source : google ( oem processor ) result 1 ]
[addition 18 dec 2024 3:10 am est]
---https://www.amazon.com/ASUS-H61M-USB3-uATX-Motherboards/dp/B00BI4C0J6/ 30 usd habis from google ( asus 1155 ) result 4
---https://www.amazon.com/ASUS-P8B75-M-CSM-Intel-Motherboard/dp/B007RIFMQA/ 119.25 usd , 137 usd , 148 usd from google ( asus 1155 ) result 4
---https://www.amazon.com/Asus-P8Z77-V-LK-Intel-Motherboards/dp/B007RIFKTY/ 75 usd habis
---https://www.amazon.com/ASUS-P8B75-V-1155-Intel-Motherboard/dp/B007SDKT2Q/ 45 usd habis
---https://www.amazon.com/ASUS-P8H61-M-CSM-R2-0-Motherboard/dp/B008NA1K0S/ 93 usd , 134 usd ga ada user-manual
---https://www.amazon.com/ASUS-P8H77-V-1155-Intel-Motherboard/dp/B007RLYP56/ 104 usd habis
---https://www.amazon.com/Pasotim-PC3-10600-Computer-Compatible-500309295/dp/B0BHS9DYN3/ 2 gb 5 usd from china ( delivery need long time maybe 1 month )
---https://www.amazon.com/Samsung-PC3-12800U-1600MHz-Desktop-M378B5173DB0-CK0/dp/B0124VLXQW/ 4 gb 18 usd
---https://www.amazon.com/Genuine-Hynix-HMT451U6AFR8C-PB-Computer-PC3-12800U/dp/B016KVVB5U/ 4 gb 10 usd from usa->florida-state
---https://www.amazon.com/Tech-2GB-Replacement-497157-B88-497157-B88-ATC/dp/B07SV4X8TD/ 2 gb 7 usd from usa->from usa->ohio-state
i consider buying 2 gb memory because there is this possibility : memory apparently ok , and motherboard apparently source-of-problem .
is price important ? is keeping abundant supply of 4 gb memory more important ?
usa->california-state->palisades-fire-year-2025 is like naruto-manga-amaterasu-fire which can not be extinguish because all 3 water-tower is depleted . [source : https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/california-wildfires/palisades-fire-firefighters-water-pressure/3597877/ from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palisades_Fire_(2025)#cite_note-6 from en.wikipedia.org->search-auto-complete ( palisade fire , amaterasu ) ]
so usa->california-state->palisades-fire-year-2025 say saving water is more important than saving money .
so maybe saving 4 gb memory is more important than saving money .
[/addition 18 dec 2024 3:10 am est]
[addition 18 dec 2024 11:32 pm est]
---https://www.walmart.com/ip/DDR3-4GB-Desktop-Memory-1RX8-PC3L-12800U-1600Mhz-240Pins-1-35V-CL11-DIMM-Ram-for-AMD-Motherboard/2666655045
4 gb 9 usd
[/addition 18 dec 2024 11:32 pm est]
===========================================================================================================
15 dec 2024 10:15 pm est :
i worry my psu is culprit in making my computer can not boot
---google ( failing psu monitor no signal ) result 1 :
now i feel suspicious psu is failing :
If your monitor shows "no signal" and you suspect a failing power supply unit (PSU), it likely means the PSU isn't providing enough stable power to your graphics card, causing it to not output a signal to the monitor; this is a common issue where a failing PSU can manifest as a lack of display on your screen.
Why this happens:
Voltage fluctuations:
A failing PSU can produce inconsistent voltage levels, which can disrupt the graphics card's operation and lead to no signal on the monitor.
Insufficient power:
If the PSU is nearing the end of its life, it might not be able to deliver enough power to run your system properly, especially under load, causing display issues.
What to do:
Check basic connections:
Ensure all cables are securely plugged into the monitor, graphics card, and power supply.
Try a different video cable to rule out cable issues.
Test with another monitor:
Connect your computer to a different monitor to see if the problem persists. If the other monitor displays properly, the issue is likely with your original monitor or its cable.
Check for other signs of PSU failure:
Listen for unusual noises from the computer case, especially when powering on.
Notice if your computer frequently restarts or freezes unexpectedly.
Smell any burning odors which could indicate a failing component.
Replace the PSU:
If you suspect your PSU is the culprit, it's recommended to replace it with a new, high-quality power supply unit.
=============================================================================
15 dec 2024 10:17 pm est :
---https://www.ifixit.com/Answers/View/206319/Monitor+no+signal+after+start+up
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someone @someone3253
Rep: 169
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Posted: Dec 19, 2014
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Monitor no signal after start up
Hello.
So just today, I have this problem where my monitors does not display anything after start up. I would turn on the CPU and everything runs fine (fans, power supply, etc) but my monitors stay undetected as if my computer was never turned on.
I did some research and, so far, I've tried:
-removing all or some of my RAM and switching them through diferrent slots.
-removing and reinserting my PCI and my graphics card
-resetting CMOS through the jumper switch and battery
-unplugging everything from the Power Supply and replugging.
-pressing the CPU on/off button for an extended amount of time.
So far nothing has worked and I'm completely stumped. Everything was working fine until my computer randomly crashed darker today and then froze in start up to now not displaying anything. Any help would be highly appreciated and thanks beforehand.
My specs are-
-8 GB ddr2 ram
-quad core Intel
-nvidia gt640
-corsair tx650 power supply
Chosen Solution
Jimfixer @jimfixer
Rep: 102.7k
18
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Posted: Jul 14, 2015
Options
Are you getting post beeps on startup ? If not you may be dealing with a power issue . Just because your fans are running and your motherboard light comes on doesn't mean you have enough power in the power supply to run the machine .Power supplies can die slowly and still appear ok .If you have access to another power supply try changing it out . You may also want to try a different monitor or test your old monitor on another computer. depending on your motherboard you could try resetting the mem button common on Asus boards. Also you mentioned you've disconnected the power and that you've held down the power button for extended periods . Did you do this together? if not try unplugging from power and holding the power button down for roughly 60sec then plugging in and rebooting. Finally as dumb as this is going to sound but it happens to the best of us... is your monitor turned on and plugged in? Just sayin Hope something here helps and good luck
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===================================================================
15 dec 2024 10:45 pm est : #add# [addition 15 dec 2024 10:42 pm est]
===================================================================
---google ( ami bios voltage level issue ) result 1
AI Overview
Learn more
An "AMI BIOS voltage level issue" refers to a problem where the voltage settings within your computer's BIOS, specifically the AMI (American Megatrends Inc.) version, are not configured correctly, potentially causing instability, crashes, or even system failure due to incorrect power delivery to critical components like the CPU.
Key points about AMI BIOS voltage level issues:
Accessing voltage settings:
To check or adjust voltage levels, you need to access your computer's BIOS by pressing a specific key during startup (usually Del or F2) and navigate to the "Power" or "CPU Configuration" section where you can find options to modify CPU core voltage, memory voltage, etc.
Potential causes:
Incorrect settings: Manually setting voltage levels too high or too low can lead to issues.
Outdated BIOS: An outdated AMI BIOS version might have bugs or compatibility problems with newer hardware, affecting voltage regulation.
Hardware problems: Faulty voltage regulators on the motherboard or a failing power supply can also contribute to voltage level issues.
Symptoms of a voltage level issue:
System instability: Frequent crashes, random reboots, or blue screen errors
Overheating: CPU or other components running excessively hot
Boot failures: Computer unable to start properly
Performance degradation: Noticeable slowdown in processing power
How to troubleshoot:
Check current settings:
Access your BIOS and review the current CPU core voltage settings.
Reset to defaults:
If unsure, load the default BIOS settings to start with a known stable configuration.
Adjust voltage carefully:
If necessary, make small incremental adjustments to the voltage level, ensuring it stays within the recommended range for your CPU.
Update BIOS:
Check for and install the latest BIOS update from your motherboard manufacturer.
Check hardware:
If adjusting BIOS settings doesn't resolve the issue, consider checking the integrity of your power supply and motherboard components.
Important considerations:
Consult manual:
Always refer to your motherboard manual for the correct voltage ranges for your specific CPU and hardware configuration.
Overclocking caution:
Modifying voltage levels can be particularly important when overclocking your CPU, as setting it too high could damage your hardware.
====================================================================
16 dec 2024 4:18 am est : #add# [addition 16 dec 2024 4:16 am est]
====================================================================
16 dec 2024 4:24 am est :
#reword# but i think whole usa , this semi-ocean-shore-city is not customer-service-city .
#to# but i think whole usa , this semi-ocean-shore-city usa->virginia-state->fairfax-county->springfield-city is not customer-service-city .
male-hair-cut-price is 35 usd or 40 usd , government-swimming-pool-entry-price 11 usd , everything is expensive in this city near usa-capital-city-dc .
====================================================================
16 dec 2024 5:4 am est :
---youtube.com/watch?v=Tr70VyoACPg ( How To Test A Power Supply Unit (PSU) With A Digital Multimeter | Advanced Troubleshooting )
from youtube-search ( check psu multimeter ) result 1
====================================================================
16 dec 2024 8:2 pm est :
#reword# 14 dec 2024 7:20 pm est : my computer during memtest-86 to test memory produce error-message 'unexpected interrupt halting cpu0' .
#to# 14 dec 2024 7:20 pm est : my computer '#c-3#' during memtest-86 to test memory produce error-message 'unexpected interrupt halting cpu0' .
====================================================================
16 dec 2024 8:5 pm est :
(1)#add# why i choose celeron-g540 ?
(2)#reformat text-position for text underneath# #c-3#
=====================================================================
16 dec 2024 8:15 pm est :
#reword# 14 dec 2024 7:20 pm est : my computer '#c-3#' during memtest-86 to test memory produce error-message 'unexpected interrupt halting cpu0' .
#to# 14 dec 2024 7:20 pm est : my computer ( find '#c-3#' ) during memtest-86 to test memory produce error-message 'unexpected interrupt halting cpu0' .
=====================================================================
16 dec 2024 8:22 pm est : #add# [addition 16 dec 2024 8:20 pm est]
=====================================================================
16 dec 2024 8:28 pm est :
computer can use live-usb to boot without hard-drive/hard-disk :
www.partitionwizard.com/news/can-a-pc-run-without-a-hard-drive.html
from google ( computer boot without harddisk - Google Search )
18 dec 2024 2:40 am est :
======================================================================
18 dec 2024 4:19 am est : #add# [addition 18 dec 2024 3:10 am est]
======================================================================
18 dec 2024 4:36 am est : #add# [addition 18 dec 2024 4:30 am est]
======================================================================
18 dec 2024 4:56 am est : #add# [addition 18 dec 2024 4:43 am est]
======================================================================
18 dec 2024 9:38 pm est : #add# [addition 18 dec 2024 9:35 pm est]
======================================================================
18 dec 2024 11:34 pm est : #add# [addition 18 dec 2024 11:32 pm est]
======================================================================
20 dec 2024 1:43 am est : end 2:5 am est
#reword# - memory : 2 pieces of ValueRAM-2GB PC3-10666 DDR3 DIMM Desktop Memory-KVR1333D3N9/2G
#to# - memory : 2 piece of kingston.com ValueRAM-2GB PC3-10666 DDR3 DIMM Desktop Memory-KVR1333D3N9/2G [source : 'kingston.com' in en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_Technology ]
(1)kingston|99U5471-002.A01LF|0000005538903|PCL2C-A9FPLP-VW9QB|KVR1333D3N9/2G|1.5 v|APMK16A1103|assy in taiwan(2)|warranty void if removed
(2)kingston|99U5471-002.A01LF|0000005538903|4FLT2-L9KP96-3WJPB|KVR1333D3N9/2G|1.5 v|APMK16A1103|assy in taiwan(2)|warranty void if removed
======================================================================
21 dec 2024 2:24 am est : end 2:30 am est
#reword# - power supply : dynex model : dx-400wps 400 watt [dynexproducts.com/pdp/DX-400WPS/8311052 from google (dx-400wps) result 3]
#to# - power supply : dynex model : dx-400wps 400 watt , with fan xinruilian/x-fan.com->brushless-dc-fan->model-1225s-1->hy-1930->( dc 12 v , 0.18 a ) [source : (1)dynexproducts.com/pdp/DX-400WPS/8311052 from google (dx-400wps) result 3 (2)x-fan.com from google ( xinruilian ) result 1 ]
#reword# - motherboard : asus-P8H61-M LE (Socket 1155) Micro ATX Motherboard 1333/1066MHz (cheapest mobo)
#to# - motherboard : asus-P8H61-M LE (Socket 1155) Micro ATX Motherboard 1333/1066MHz made in china (cheapest mobo)
======================================================================
21 dec 2024 2:33 am est :
#reword# - power supply : dynex model : dx-400wps 400 watt , with fan xinruilian/x-fan.com->brushless-dc-fan->model-1225s-1->hy-1930->( dc 12 v , 0.18 a ) [source : (1)dynexproducts.com/pdp/DX-400WPS/8311052 from google (dx-400wps) result 3 (2)x-fan.com from google ( xinruilian ) result 1 ]
#to# - power supply : dynex model : dx-400wps 400 watt , which contain fan xinruilian/x-fan.com->brushless-dc-fan->model-1225s-1->hy-1930->( dc 12 v , 0.18 a ) [source : (1)dynexproducts.com/pdp/DX-400WPS/8311052 from google (dx-400wps) result 3 (2)x-fan.com from google ( xinruilian ) result 1 ]
======================================================================
14 jan 2025 10:37 pm est :
#reword# https://www.amazon.com/Genuine-Hynix-HMT451U6AFR8C-PB-Computer-PC3-12800U/dp/B016KVVB5U/ 4 gb 8 usd
#to# https://www.amazon.com/Genuine-Hynix-HMT451U6AFR8C-PB-Computer-PC3-12800U/dp/B016KVVB5U/ 4 gb 10 usd
======================================================================
14 jan 2025 10:47 pm est : #add# [addition 14 jan 2025 10:40 pm est]
======================================================================
14 jan 2025 10:52 pm est : #add#
---https://www.amazon.com/Tech-2GB-Replacement-497157-B88-497157-B88-ATC/dp/B07SV4X8TD/ 2 gb 7 usd
======================================================================
14 jan 2025 11:5 pm est :
(1)#add# from china ( delivery need long time maybe 1 month )
(2)#add# from usa->florida-state
(3)#add# from usa->louisiana-state
=========================================================================
14 jan 2025 11:13 pm est :
#add#
i consider buying 2 gb memory because there is this possibility : memory apparently ok , and motherboard apparently source-of-problem .
is price important ? is keeping abundant supply of 4 gb memory more important ?
usa->california-state->palisades-fire-year-2025 is like naruto-manga-amaterasu-fire which can not be extinguish because all 3 water-tower is depleted . [source : https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/california-wildfires/palisades-fire-firefighters-water-pressure/3597877/ from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palisades_Fire_(2025)#cite_note-6 from en.wikipedia.org->search ( palisade fire ) ]
so usa->california-state->palisades-fire-year-2025 say saving water is more important than saving money .
so maybe saving 4 gb memory is more important than saving money .
15 jan 2025 7:23 pm est :
#reword# from usa->louisiana-state
#to# from usa->ohio-state
15 jan 2025 7:29 pm est : #add# [addition 15 jan 2025 7:28 pm est]
21 jan 2024 9:22 pm est :
---https://www.amazon.com/Intel-Celeron-Processor-G3900TE-Cache/dp/B01JRLH5AU 62 usd
---https://www.amazon.com/ASRock-Motherboard-Micro-DDR3-D1800M/dp/B00JO1B7PI 50 usd
socket 1150 , haswell-dt
---https://www.amazon.com/H97M-Motherboard-LGA1150-graphics-required/dp/B00K80MYNS ( asus ) 173 usd
---https://www.amazon.com/Intel-BX80646G1820-Celeron-2-70GHz-LGA1150/dp/B00MWBGK72 40 usd
22 jan 2025 9:15 pm est :
---https://www.amazon.com/VisionTek-Radeon-512MB-Adapter-Graphics/dp/B002APC2EK 25 usd florida
---https://www.amazon.com/Profile-Graphic-splitter-102-B62902-102B6290200/dp/B07DLH5CNQ 26 usd maryland
25 jan 2025 2:9 am est :
---https://www.amazon.com/FM351-Dell-Radeon-Hd2400-Graphics/dp/B00BL50H92/
from google ( radeon video card ) page 2 number 13
==============================
8 feb 2025 2:16 pm est : end 3:56 pm est
i use cotton-bud/q-tip being submerged inside vinegar , to clean-to-remove-thermal-grease-from-intel-factory 'dow corning tc-1996' on my celeron-cpu
and i use magnifying-glass to read this silver-color-label being engraved on my celeron-cpu ,
while i turn-away that celeron-cpu from my direct visual line of sight under light-bulb-illumination :
| = new-line
? = i feel uncertain about what alphabet is that
i (M)? (c)? 09 | INTEL (R) CELERON (R) G540 | SR05J 2.50 GHZ | Costa Rica | 3125B196 (?)
[source : (1)https://community.intel.com/t5/Processors/Thermal-paste-type-in-Core-i3-12100F/m-p/1469304 from google ( intel stock thermal paste dow chemical ) result 2 (2)https://linustechtips.com/topic/1426266-intel-lga1700-alder-lake-bendgate-thermalright-has-the-solution/ from google ( intel stock thermal paste DOW Corning TC-1996 ) result 8 ]
==============================
8 feb 2025 3:20 pm est : #add# [addition 8 feb 2025 3:19 pm est]
==============================
8 feb 2025 3:43 pm est : #add# [addition 8 feb 2025 3:34 pm est]
===============================
8 feb 2025 4:30 pm est :
i want to buy amazon.com/MOLKASIA-Charging-480Mbps-Transfer-Laptops/dp/B0DPFW6N25/ from amazon.com->search ( usb to usb ) result 5
to protect my motherboard-usb-port from being torn away from motherboard .
sometimes i insert-and-pull-away mp3-player-usb amazon.com/dp/B01NAJ3KQB/ref=twister_B0D9R1TT26 to motherboard-usb-port .
==============================
9 feb 2025 7:39 am est : #add# [addition 9 feb 2025 7:39 am est]
================================
16 feb 2025 3:44 pm est :
---https://superuser.com/questions/50413/does-vertical-position-affect-the-lifespan-or-integrity-of-a-hard-drive
from google ( harddrive vertical position )
When asked if the drive could be mounted at askew angles, their official positions were:
Manufacturer Contact method Response
------- --------------------- ---------------------
WD Tech support, email 90 degrees.
Hitachi Hitachi documentation 90 degrees.
Samsung Tech support, phone 90 degrees.
Fujitsu Tech support, chat 90 degrees +-5.
Seagate Tech support, email 90 degrees preferred,
but diagonal OK.
Maxtor Tech support, phone 90 degrees preferred, but in
real world, whatever.
By 90 degrees, they mean vertical, horizontal, or sideways.
===============================================
---https://forums.anandtech.com/threads/hard-drive-positioning-issues.2129091/
from google ( hard drive vertical position ) page 3 number 1
Dec 21, 2010
#4
Seagate prohibited vertical orientation for drives made before ~1993, but only when the front faced downward, as that could cause imbalance of the head arm assembly around its pivot point. However I saw a Maxtor drive mounted that way in an old Gateway, Dell, or Compaq.
===============================================================
18 feb 2025 4:23 pm est :
---https://www.reddit.com/r/DataHoarder/comments/qu4nia/are_ssds_infinitely_readable_longevity_of_ssds/ from google ( ssd maximum read ) result 1
r/DataHoarder
•
3 yr. ago
throwqqqqqqqqqq
are SSDs infinitely readable? ( longevity of ssd`s when only reading )
Question/Advice
I have read about SSDs online but I`m still a little bit confused. So hopefully someone will clarify for me once and for all.
I know that SSDs are limited in terms of writing. But what if I wrote a bunch of movies in my SSD and then never deleted anything and never wrote anything on them again. The only thing that I would do is simply watch my movies from the ssd. Does that mean that my SSD would last me a life time without any data corruption or data loss?
If not, then what would last longer in terms of just watching movies ( not deleting and rewriting anything ). SSD or HDD?
double-float
•
3 yr. ago
• Edited 3 yr. ago
A lot of solid-state drives automatically lock themselves into a read-only mode once they reach the end of their write capacity - i.e.,
once all the overprovisioned space is used up and the TBW value exceeds the lifetime max value set by the manufacturer.
How long the cells would continue to hold a charge and allow writes (EDIT: reads) is unclear if they've already degraded due to hitting
the write threshold, but a drive that hasn't gone through all that use should be able to hold data for quite a long time before the cells
fail due to something else. As long as you keep them powered, of course - unpowered SSDs will lose data surprisingly fast.
=====================
---https://www.reddit.com/r/buildapc/comments/1439q5f/should_i_worry_about_tbw/
from google ( ssd maximum read ) result 2 -> ppl also ask -> How long will a 300 TBW last?
r/buildapc icon
Go to buildapc
r/buildapc
•
2 yr. ago
Nick_Sonic_360
Should I worry about TBW?
Build Help
I have recently upgrade to a SSD, it's TBW is 300 and I very frequently move data to a from it. Not every day of course, I move around 100 to 150 GB a week.
At that rate should I really care about TBW? The SSD is a Samsung Evo 870 Pro. Every time I move and delete and write to it I keep thinking about how much TBW I have left.
Exciting-Total8110
•
2 yr. ago
300 TBW should mean your SSD can move 300TB
If you move 100GB a week you can do that for about 3000 weeks or 57.5 years.
You are good.
[deleted]
•
2 yr. ago
Writing 150GB per week, an SSD with a TBW of 300 would last over 40 years.
SSDs will usually be obsolete or fail for other reasons far before you hit their endurance rating. Unless you're writing to it on
a nearly constant basis, like as a scratch disk for video editing, you shouldn't really even look at endurance rating.
=====================================================
---https://linustechtips.com/topic/811454-should-i-be-worried-of-ssd-write-limit/ from google ( ssd maximum read ) result 6
Should I be worried of SSD "write limit"?
Guest
By Guest
July 23, 2017 in Storage Devices
Posted July 23, 2017
So for my next build I want a 500 GB SSD for OS and a 2TB SSD for storage; however, I've heard people say that SSDs have a certain write limit and
they become unusable when that limit is reached. Apparently it can take years to reach the limit but I will be writing large files to it daily
(multiple large video renders/recordings).
So so should I get an HDD for storage instead?
Droidbot
Member
professional prick™
9k
171
[Folding Event Newbie]
Posted July 23, 2017
Cheap SSDs can wear out with little writes, usually rated for 35-50 or so TB and can survive more than that.
With modern apps like Chrome and Firefox writing 20-30GB a day, these drives will take a while to wear out.
However, high end SSDs like Samsung's 850 PRO can survive insane writes - https://packet.company/blog/ did a test and had
a 1TB 850 PRO survive 7PB of writes.
Cheap drives can usually survive around 500TB to 1PB of writes, and would do a good job as well
DocSwag Mentor
DocSwag
Member
SSD Enthusiast | Excessive blue is HELLA good
13.5k
148
Posted July 23, 2017
On 7/23/2017 at 12:03 PM, Celios said:
Evo.
Yeah judging by Anandtech 850 evo review 850 evo has around 2000 write cycles. So with that 500gb one even
if you write 100gb a day with 3x write amplification you'd still see it lasting 10 years. Shouldn't be an issue.
http://www.anandtech.com/show/8747/samsung-ssd-850-evo-review/4
===============================
---https://www.enterprisestorageforum.com/hardware/ssd-lifespan-how-long-will-your-ssd-work/ from google ( ssd maximum read ) result 9
How Long Does an SSD Last? | Calculate Your SSD’s Lifespan
By
Kashyap Vyas
April 12, 2023
storage
SSD SATA port
Enterprise Storage Forum content and product recommendations are editorially independent. We may make money when you click on links to our partners. Learn More.
Solid state drives (SSDs) offer faster data access due to their rich internal parallelism. They have numerous advantages, like faster boost-up speed, energy efficiency, better resistance, and compact size. They are also more durable when compared to other storage options.
However, SSDs also have their limitations. SSDs store data using flash memory electronically. The cells wear out with time and become less efficient, affecting the drive’s usable life cycle.
How Long Does an SSD Last?
SSDs use flash memory for data storage. Using NAND flash chips, similar to the ones used in flash cards or USB drives, SSDs read and write data electronically. They rely on integrated circuits for data storage and consist of a transistor grid that stores data on the binary coding system.
The SSD relies on an integrated circuit for data storage. It has an electronic controller and a series of NAND chips. These chips do not need a power supply for operation. Instead, they consist of a transistor grid that stores data on the binary coding system.
The binary coding system has two states: 0 and 1. When there is current flowing in the transistors, their state is 1. When there is no current, the value remains 0. Initially, the transistors are in the 1 state. When the file is written, or a save operation is performed, some transistors are blocked, and their value becomes 0.
Even if SSDs are much faster than mechanical hard drives, they have non-volatile memory. As a result, they become less reliable with time since the transistors wear out and lose their charge-holding capacity. With growing usage, these drives become less reliable. By default, SSDs come with a limited lifespan.
With every writing process, the SSD becomes less efficient. This is because to overwrite data, the existing data must be erased first. For this, NAND chips require voltage to send electrons through the insulator.
With continuous write and erase cycles, the insulator wears out. Therefore, the flash cells cannot be programmed and erased indefinitely. Thus, the NAND design and SSD usage determines how long it will last.
Read more about the benefits of SSDs.
What Factors Affect the SSD Lifespan?
There are mainly three factors that help determine SSD reliability: the age of the SSD, total terabytes written over time (TBW) and drive writes per day (DWPD).
The age of the SSD
The age of the SSD determines its performance and longevity. Even if manufacturers claim that they can last for ten years, the average lifespan of an SSD is less than ten years. Above all, it depends on the usage.
As per the research report of Google and the University of Toronto, drive failures increased with the age of the SSD. However, they needed to be replaced 25% less often than hard disk drives.
Total terabytes written over time
In the IT industry, the lifespan of an SSD is in TBW. Mostly the service life of an SSD is 256 TBW. This is the basic warranty period after which the memory cells start degrading.
The chances of drive failure and data loss increase after exceeding the TBW value. Therefore, replacing the drive after the assigned TBW gets used up is recommended.
Drive writes per day
SSDs also have a DWPD value that refers to the data that can be written each day within the warranty lifespan of the SSD. It is measured in gigabytes. If the DWPD value is more, the SSD shows greater endurance. So, when purchasing an SSD, you can consider the DWPD for better capacity and performance.
How SSD/Flash Endurance is Measured
The endurance rating of NAND flash SSDs is expressed in write cycles. They have a limited number of write cycles, after which the oxide layer of the flash memory cells starts degrading. This impacts the performance of the SSD.
The endurance rate is also called the program/erase cycle, or P/E cycle. When new data is stored in the SSD, an existing data block must be erased electrically. Unfortunately, a continuous P/E cycle deteriorates the oxide layer of the NAND flash memory cells. Thus, these cells eventually wear out, which affects their data-storing capacity.
Another undesirable phenomenon that affects SSD performance is write amplification. When writing data into the storage drive, the actual amount of the write gets multiplied. This increases the number of writes and thus shortens the reliable operation time of the SSD, crashing its consistency. Different factors affecting the write amplification are garbage collection, over-provisioning, metadata, log structures, and de-duplication.
You will find key differences in the flash endurance of single-level cell (SLC), multi-level cell (MLC), and triple-level cell (TLC) architecture:
SLC NAND flash can endure around 50,000 to 1,00,000 write cycles.
MLC NAND flash can sustain up to 3,000 write cycles. eMLC or enterprise MLC version supports about 10,000 write cycles.
TLC NAND Flash has low endurance and can take about 300 to 1,000 write cycles.
Learn more about the difference between SSD and HDD speeds.
How to Estimate How Long Your SSD Will Last
The lifespan of an SSD primarily depends upon the TBW and DWPD. Here’s how you can estimate how long the SSD will last:
TBW
The TBW is a measure of data the drive can write over its lifespan. For example, if an SSD has a 300 TBW rating, the drive can write 300 TB data before it needs replacement.
The Samsung 85 Pro series has SSDs of capacities: 128 GB, 256 GB, 512 GB, 1 TB, 2 TB, and 4 TB. It is built with 3D V-NAND and has a ten-year warranty.
The maximum TBW for a 25 GB SSD is 150. For 512 GB and 1 TB SSD capacity, the maximum TBW is 300. The 2 TB drive has 450 TBW capacity, and the 4 TB drive has 600 TBW capacity.
DWPD
The DWPD measures the number of times you can rewrite the entire SSD every day over its lifespan. For example, you can consider a 200 GB SSD drive with DWPD 1 and a warranty period of five years. It means that you can rewrite 200 GB daily for five years without chances of failure.
From this data, you can also calculate the TBW. As you can write 200 GB for 365 days for five years, the total TBW will be:
200*365*5= 365,000 GB, or 365 TB writes
Similarly, if the DPWD is 2 and the other factors remain the same, i.e., the SSD capacity is 200 GB and the warranty period is five years, you can estimate the TBW by:
2*200*365*5= 730,000 GB, or 730 TB writes
Calculation
To calculate the SSD lifespan, you can use the following formula:
(Write cycles * Capacity) / (SSD factor * Data Written per year)
Consider a Samsung 850 PRO, TLC SSD, with a capacity of 1 TB.
Then,
Write cycles= 3,000
Capacity= 1 TB or 1,000 GB
SSD Factor: real amount of data to actual amount of data written= 5 (consider)
Amount of data written to the drive per year= 1,500-2,000 GB (estimated)
Thus, the formula becomes:
(3,000 * 1,000)/(5 * 1,750)
= 342 years
The drive cannot be guaranteed to be relied upon for 342 years. But based on these assumptions, the oxide layer of the SSD will last this long.
Read more about the best and fastest SSDs.
Mean time between failures
The Mean time between failures (MTBF) is used popularly for HDDs to measure performance. However, they are not meaningful in the case of SSDs. MTBF is based on small sample sizes and is a statistical evaluation. It defines the average time between system breakouts. Thus, the asset is more reliable if the MTBF value is higher.
For an HDD, the MTBF is about half a million hours. It approximates 57 years. The average MTBF for SSDs is reported to be 2.5 million hours. It is less useful as there is no meaningful evidence.
So, when calculating the SSD lifespan, TBW and DWPD offer more practical results.
SSD Maintenance Best Practices
Even if SSDs are quite durable, they can show more errors than HDDs in less time. To improve the reliability and life cycle of these drives, manufacturers have come up with advanced technologies like:
Wear leveling
This method helps in the uniform distribution of the program/erase cycles over the entire memory block of the SSD. There are two types of wear leveling: dynamic and static.
Dynamic wear leveling algorithm ensures that the data programs and erase cycles are distributed uniformly throughout the NAND flash memory blocks. The dynamic algorithm gets executed whenever the data is written into the flash memory. Using a map, the LBAs (logical block addresses) from the operating system are linked to the physical flash memory. When the system has to rewrite data, a new block is linked. This helps SSDs last longer.
In the case of static wear leveling, the operating system also links LBAs to the physical memory using a map. In this case, unchanged blocks are irritated and replaced with written blocks.
Error Correction Code (ECC)
With Error Correction Code, the software can detect and correct bit errors. NAND flash commonly has these errors. Data may get corrupted as a result. ECC can also correct the bot errors caused due to the wearing out of memory cells. Thus, it can lengthen the lifetime of the memory blocks and increase the SSD lifespan.
Bad Block Management
This method helps detect bad blocks and prevents the system from writing data into these blocks. There are early bad blocks and later bad blocks in the NAND flash memory.The early bad blocks are unavoidable as they are created during the production process. Later bad blocks are created due to the repeated P/E cycles.
Bad Block Management uses the skip block method, which helps the controller jump to the next good block when encountering a bad one. In the reserve block method, the bad block is replaced using a reserved good one. Thus, bad block management extends the lifespan and reliability of SSDs.
TRIM
The TRIM command wipes deleted pages and blocks to contribute to longer SSD life and improve its performance. It helps erase the data blocks which are no longer in use. Thus, the storage can be efficiently managed as it directs the controller to discard invalid data pages.
Are SSDs More Dependable Than HDDs?
SSDs are faster, more compact, and more durable. They also consume less power. They can speed up performance. They are more used in enterprise environments. HDDs have increasing chances of mechanical failure and are more susceptible to damage.
But, HDDs are more affordable, and even in case of damage, data can be recovered easily. HDDs are preferable if you want to store large amounts of data and do not need to access it frequently. If you need a faster computing experience, SDDs will be more helpful. Thus, performance-wise, SSDs are more reliable.
Bottom Line: SSD Lifespan
There are no perfect storage devices, and it is always advisable to back up your data regularly to avoid any significant loss. Besides, SSDs have a better lifespan when compared to other devices; it also depends on how well you handle them. So, treat your SSD with great care to make them last longer.
Learn about trends driving the SSD market today.
====================================================================
18 feb 2025 4:46 pm est :
---https://support-in.wd.com/app/answers/detailweb/a_id/51224/~/how-to-check-remaining-life-and-endurance-of-an-internal-ssd
from google ( record ssd current write size ) result 2 -> ppl also ask -> how do i check my ssd write-limit ?
How to Check Remaining Life and Endurance of an Internal SSD
SSDs have a limited number of read-write cycles known as endurance (wear limit).
Heavy use can wear it out faster. Keep a close eye on usage to ensure it lasts longer.
A common term for measuring endurance of a drive is TeraBytes Written or TBW.
Need more help?
Answer ID 30797: WD Internal SSD Endurance and Warranty Periods
$EN_ANSWER_49386
S.M.A.R.T. (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound)
This system helps a computer know how well an SSD is working.
Not all SSDs can share all the details. Companies that make drives choose which details can be reported.
Need more help?
Answer ID 12163: WD S.M.A.R.T. - Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology
Resolution
Download Western Digital Dashboard.
Western Digital Dashboard for Windows (Online)
Western Digital Dashboard for Windows (Offline)
Need more help?
Answer ID 31759: Download, Install, Test Drive and Update Firmware Using Western Digital Dashboard
Open Western Digital Dashboard.
Select a drive from My Devices.
Click Tools .
Select the click here to view S.M.A.R.T. data in detail.
Scroll down.
Find 'Data Units Written' .
TBW is 'Data Units Written' / 512 .
example : 27310980 / 512 = 53 tera-byte .
important :
Replace the drive when : Drive Health reaches 0% , Warranty period ends .
Need more help?
Answer ID 33498: Western Digital Warranty Replacement and Data Recovery
===============================================
18 feb 2025 5:3 pm est :
after looking around : newegg.com , neweggbusiness.com -> 'pc case' area , https://pcpartpicker.com/product/qNnG3C/diypc-case-ma08bk ;
i decide maybe i select www.mydiypcusa.com->ma08-bk [source : google ( diypc ) from 'diypc' in newegg.com ]
because www.mydiypcusa.com->ma08-bk put 1 ssd or 1 hdd near front-fan , so my ssd or hdd will have cool temperature .
maybe i want '3.5 hdd case' like : amazon.com/dp/B0B87DYV2D , amazon.com/dp/B081F2MFMG .
so i can bring my 3.5 hdd wd5000aads-00s9b0 with me during any possible relocation-process-via-air-flight
because carrying antec.com->300 case inside air-flight , is not possible .
or maybe i transfer important file from my 3.5 hdd wd5000aads-00s9b0 to some 512 gb usb-drive then carry that 512 gb usb-drive with me
during any possible relocation-process-via-air-flight .
maybe i do garage-sale to sell my computer component with antec.com->300 case prior any possible relocation-process-via-air-flight .
or maybe i leave my computer component with antec.com->300 case to my family-relative who still stay .
[addition 19 feb 2025 8:12 pm est]
i put video-card amazon.com/VisionTek-Radeon-5450-DVI-I-Graphics/dp/B01BWLMWJM/ or visiontek.com/products/visiontek-radeon%E2%84%A2-5450-1gb-ddr3-dvi-i-hdmi-vga
then i feel ssd is not necessary , i feel smoother browsing experience . i dislike ssd-tbw .
maybe i want cooler-master elite-430 ebay.com/itm/126624868404?_skw=Cooler+Master+Elite+430&epid=14005335136
from ebay.com->search ( Cooler Master Elite 430 ) result 21 from https://bit-tech.net/news/tech/cases/cooler-master-s-elite-430-targets-antec-300/1/
from google-image ( antec 300 ) page 16 row 3 col 3 , and use normal harddisk without worrying about ssd-tbw .
[/addition 19 feb 2025 8:12 pm est]
======================================================
18 feb 2025 8:44 pm est :
---https://www.reddit.com/r/SteamDeck/comments/tb16yi/how_much_tbw_do_your_ssds_have/
from google ( 64 gb ssd tbw rating ) result 4
r/SteamDeck icon
Go to SteamDeck
r/SteamDeck
•
3 yr. ago
randomuser987987
How much TBW do your SSDs have?
Discussion
EDIT: The 2TB written come from testing and validating in the manufacturing process. See here.
I was wondering how much TBW your stock NVMe SSDs have.
I'm running my unit now since last Sunday every day, couple of hours, and I already have 2.09TB written, which I find oddly much.
You can find this via running this in your terminal:
smartctl -Ai /dev/nvme0
u/BluDYT avatar
BluDYT
•
3 yr. ago
There's nothing to be worried about.
A typical TBW figure for a 250 GB SSD lies between 60 and 150 terabytes written. That means, to get over a guaranteed TBW of 70, a user would have to write 190 GB daily over one year (in other words, to fill two-thirds of the SSD with new data every day).
=======================================================================
18 feb 2025 8:50 pm est : end 9 pm est
problem : how to calculate remaining life of ssd inside laptop without smartctl
because smartctl produce error '/dev/mmcblk0p1: Unable to detect device type'
a@1:~$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
mmcblk0 179:0 0 29.1G 0 disk
├─mmcblk0p1 179:1 0 190M 0 part /boot/efi
├─mmcblk0p2 179:2 0 9.3G 0 part /
├─mmcblk0p3 179:3 0 191M 0 part [SWAP]
└─mmcblk0p4 179:4 0 19.4G 0 part /home
mmcblk0boot0 179:8 0 4M 1 disk
mmcblk0boot1 179:16 0 4M 1 disk
a@1:~$ smartctl -t short /dev/mmcblk0p1
smartctl 6.6 2016-05-31 r4324 [x86_64-linux-5.0.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
/dev/mmcblk0p1: Unable to detect device type
Please specify device type with the -d option.
Use smartctl -h to get a usage summary
a@1:~$
solution :
example calculating current tbw of hp.com->stream--11-y-012-nr , which is my mother's laptop .
a@1:~$ df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 385M 1.3M 384M 1% /run
/dev/mmcblk0p2 ext2 9.2G 6.8G 2.0G 78% /
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mmcblk0p4 ext2 20G 5.1G 14G 28% /home
/dev/mmcblk0p1 vfat 188M 6.1M 182M 4% /boot/efi
tmpfs tmpfs 385M 56K 385M 1% /run/user/1000
a@1:~$ sudo dumpe2fs /dev/mmcblk0p2 | grep Lifetime
[sudo] password for a:
dumpe2fs 1.44.1 (24-Mar-2018)
Lifetime writes: 293 GB
a@1:~$ sudo dumpe2fs /dev/mmcblk0p4 | grep Lifetime
dumpe2fs 1.44.1 (24-Mar-2018)
Lifetime writes: 2265 GB
a@1:~$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
mmcblk0 179:0 0 29.1G 0 disk
├─mmcblk0p1 179:1 0 190M 0 part /boot/efi
├─mmcblk0p2 179:2 0 9.3G 0 part /
├─mmcblk0p3 179:3 0 191M 0 part [SWAP]
└─mmcblk0p4 179:4 0 19.4G 0 part /home
mmcblk0boot0 179:8 0 4M 1 disk
mmcblk0boot1 179:16 0 4M 1 disk
a@1:~$ sudo dumpe2fs /dev/mmcblk0 | grep Lifetime
dumpe2fs 1.44.1 (24-Mar-2018)
dumpe2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/mmcblk0
Found a gpt partition table in /dev/mmcblk0
a@1:~$
[source : https://superuser.com/questions/830849/is-there-any-way-to-find-the-remaining-life-on-a-sd-card from google ( check multimediacard remaining life ) result 1 ]
calculating total 'lifetime write' :
1)293 + 2265 = 2558 gb = 2,558 gb = 2.558 tera-byte
[addition 20 feb 2025 9:36 pm est]
that 'lifetime write' maybe is being reset after fresh partition-creation .
[source : 'It's all the writes in Bytes that the file system has since its creation. In your case only 12kB has been written since the creation of the partition. ' in https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/121699/dumpe2fs-lifetime-writes-what-is-it from google ( dumpe2fs lifetime writes fresh linux install ) result 1 ]
[/addition 20 feb 2025 9:36 pm est]
---https://semiconductor.samsung.com/consumer-storage/internal-ssd/970evo/ from google ( samsung emmc ssd 32 gb tbw rating ) result 2 -> ppl also ask ->
What is TBW of Samsung SSD 970 ?
TBW : Terabytes Written
Warrantied TBW for 970 EVO : 150 TBW for 250 GB model , 300 TBW for 500 GB model , 600 TBW for 1 TB model , 1,200 TBW for 2 TB model .
5-years or TBW , whichever come first . For more information on warranty , please find enclosed warranty statement in package .
---https://www.silicon-power.com/support/lang/big5/TBW.pdf
from google ( 64 gb ssd tbw rating ) result 5
approximation-calculation :
32 gb = 16 tbw
64 gb = 32 tbw
128 gb = 65 tbw
256 gb = 125 tbw
[addition 20 feb 2025 8:3 pm est]
---https://mcs.am/blog/Why-TBW-SSD-matters from google ( what happens when ssd reaches tbw ) result 1
....after you've exhausted your TBW allowance , SSD will retain its data , which you may access whenever you want .
However , writing functionalities will no longer be accessible , and your SSD's warranty will become worthless (if it hasn't already)...
---https://www.quora.com/What-will-happen-when-my-SSD-has-reached-its-TBW-limit from google ( what happens when ssd reaches tbw ) result 3
What will happen when my SSD has reached its TBW limit?
Profile photo for Mary
Mary
3y
Everyone here is telling you the definition of TBW (which you already know), they don’t know, they have no experience so they gave a google answer.
Here is the answer you need, what I experienced.
Listen Carefully - If your SSD is your primary disk, some day your computer will not boot, you would think that it’s just your windows is corrupted.
You will try to reinstall windows but it won’t format.
If it reach it’s TBW then if won’t let your make any changes in it. you will delete files but after you reattach it, those files will come back.
It will work like a DVD. if you store something in remaining memory, it will be copied but after unplugging-plugging those files will remove.
It will take 2 years for a 120 GB SSD, and 5 years for 500 GB SSD. You can still access your data which is stored in SSD. It is designed to do
that so it locked itself if it reach TBW.
People saying that your data will corrupt, or you will lose data, your SSD will slow down etc. etc. nothing is true, those are just their opinions.
---https://www.techpowerup.com/forums/threads/if-i-use-my-ssd-past-its-rated-endurance-does-it-mean-my-ssd-will-die-afterwards.276028/ from google ( what happens when ssd reaches tbw ) result 7
Jan 6, 2021
#11
When/if TBW is reached or close to tbw ssd will start to loose performance significantly. After that everything could happen
but a lot of them keep working a lot more, if nothing else goes wrong.
Today's SSD drives mortem from different reasons than reaching TBW. controller is the most common reason and/or its own power supply.
Keep them as cool as possible (especially NVMe), within reason and hope for the best.
Dont fill its space too much.
ssd for OS keep it under 60 % and ssd for simple storage under 75 ~ 80%.
---https://www.toteam.co.il/2023/06/26/what-is-dwpd-pbw-and-tbw-2/ from google ( dwpd important ) page 2 number 1
DWPD (Data Written Per Day) – How many times can I write the entire SSD capacity per day?
TBW (Tera Byte Written) – the amount of data, in Tera (1012 = 1000x GB) Byte which can be written to that disk.
PBW (Peta Byte Written) – the amount of data, in Peta (1015 = 1000x TB) Byte which can be written to that disk. Basically PBW = 1000x TBW
[/addition 20 feb 2025 8:3 pm est]
=========================================================
19 feb 2025 4:13 pm est :
i start using amazon.com/VisionTek-Radeon-5450-DVI-I-Graphics/dp/B01BWLMWJM/ or visiontek.com/products/visiontek-radeon%E2%84%A2-5450-1gb-ddr3-dvi-i-hdmi-vga .
temperature :
a@1 04:12 PM ~ sensors
asus-isa-0000
Adapter: ISA adapter
cpu_fan: 0 RPM
radeon-pci-0100
Adapter: PCI adapter
temp1: +44.0°C (crit = +120.0°C, hyst = +90.0°C)
coretemp-isa-0000
Adapter: ISA adapter
Physical id 0: +30.0°C (high = +82.0°C, crit = +102.0°C)
Core 0: +30.0°C (high = +82.0°C, crit = +102.0°C)
a@1 04:12 PM ~
==========================================================
video-card stress-test-temperature during showing animation in https://gsap.com/js/speed.html from google ( javascript animation stress test ) result 2 :
a@1 04:30 PM ~ sensors
asus-isa-0000
Adapter: ISA adapter
cpu_fan: 0 RPM
radeon-pci-0100
Adapter: PCI adapter
temp1: +58.0°C (crit = +120.0°C, hyst = +90.0°C)
coretemp-isa-0000
Adapter: ISA adapter
Physical id 0: +37.0°C (high = +82.0°C, crit = +102.0°C)
Core 0: +36.0°C (high = +82.0°C, crit = +102.0°C)
a@1 04:30 PM ~
=============================================================
19 feb 2025 4:42 pm est :
problem : how to know what video-card-driver is being used ?
solution :
a@1 04:38 PM ~ inxi -G
Graphics: Card: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD/ATI] Cedar [Radeon HD 5000/6000/7350/8350 Series]
Display Server: X.Org 1.18.4 drivers: ati,radeon (unloaded: fbdev,vesa) Resolution: 1920x1080@60.00hz
GLX Renderer: AMD CEDAR (DRM 2.46.0 / 4.8.0-53-generic, LLVM 5.0.0) GLX Version: 3.0 Mesa 17.2.8
a@1 04:40 PM ~ lspci -k | grep -EA3 'VGA|3D|Display'
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Cedar [Radeon HD 5000/6000/7350/8350 Series]
Subsystem: VISIONTEK Cedar [Radeon HD 5000/6000/7350/8350 Series]
Kernel driver in use: radeon
Kernel modules: radeon
a@1 04:41 PM ~
[source : https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?t=423989 from google ( ubuntu check which driver radeon use ) result 2 ]
a@1 04:43 PM ~ lshw -C display
WARNING: you should run this program as super-user.
*-display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: Cedar [Radeon HD 5000/6000/7350/8350 Series]
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
version: 00
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=radeon latency=0
resources: irq:31 memory:c0000000-cfffffff memory:fe620000-fe63ffff ioport:e000(size=256) memory:c0000-dffff
WARNING: output may be incomplete or inaccurate, you should run this program as super-user.
a@1 04:43 PM ~ sudo lshw -C display
[sudo] password for a:
*-display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: Cedar [Radeon HD 5000/6000/7350/8350 Series]
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
version: 00
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm pciexpress msi vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=radeon latency=0
resources: irq:31 memory:c0000000-cfffffff memory:fe620000-fe63ffff ioport:e000(size=256) memory:c0000-dffff
[source : https://askubuntu.com/questions/1458198/how-to-check-if-correct-drivers-have-been-installed-for-my-gpu from google ( ubuntu check which driver radeon use ) result 1 ]
a@1 04:46 PM ~ glxinfo -B
name of display: :0
display: :0 screen: 0
direct rendering: Yes
Extended renderer info (GLX_MESA_query_renderer):
Vendor: X.Org (0x1002)
Device: AMD CEDAR (DRM 2.46.0 / 4.8.0-53-generic, LLVM 5.0.0) (0x68f9)
Version: 17.2.8
Accelerated: yes
Video memory: 2048MB
Unified memory: no
Preferred profile: core (0x1)
Max core profile version: 3.3
Max compat profile version: 3.0
Max GLES1 profile version: 1.1
Max GLES[23] profile version: 3.0
OpenGL vendor string: X.Org
OpenGL renderer string: AMD CEDAR (DRM 2.46.0 / 4.8.0-53-generic, LLVM 5.0.0)
OpenGL core profile version string: 3.3 (Core Profile) Mesa 17.2.8
OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 3.30
OpenGL core profile context flags: (none)
OpenGL core profile profile mask: core profile
OpenGL version string: 3.0 Mesa 17.2.8
OpenGL shading language version string: 1.30
OpenGL context flags: (none)
OpenGL ES profile version string: OpenGL ES 3.0 Mesa 17.2.8
OpenGL ES profile shading language version string: OpenGL ES GLSL ES 3.00
a@1 04:47 PM ~
[source : https://askubuntu.com/questions/918615/how-do-i-check-ubuntu-is-using-my-amd-graphics-or-built-in-intel from google ( ubuntu check which driver radeon use ) result 1 ]
===================================================
19 feb 2025 8:16 pm est : #add# addition 19 feb 2025 8:12 pm est
====================================================
20 feb 2025 1:55 pm est :
#reword# jadaol-maybe-100-foot
#to# jadaol-maybe-75-foot
====================================================
20 feb 2025 8:8 pm est : #add# [addition 20 feb 2025 8:3 pm est]
====================================================
20 feb 2025 9:40 pm est : #add# [addition 20 feb 2025 9:36 pm est]
=====================================================
20 feb 2025 9:51 pm est :
---https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon from
'Most transistors are made from very pure silicon, and some from germanium, but certain other semiconductor materials are sometimes used'
in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor
silicon-melting-point : 1687 K ( 1414 C ; 2577 F)
---https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium
germanium-melting-point : 1211.40 K ( 938.25 C, 1720.85 F )
======================================================
23 feb 2025 10:23 pm est :
---https://www.amazon.com/OTDOGUO-Motherboard-Standoff-Hexagonal-Spacer/dp/B0DY153ZNN/ from search ( motherboard standoffs ) result 3
---https://www.amazon.com/BTuregsau-Quadrex-Computer-Motherboard-Screws/dp/B0DG914DFM/ from search ( computer screw ) result 5
======================================================
2 mar 2025 9:52 pm est :
---https://www.amazon.com/XMSJSIY-Chassis-Switch-Button-Computer/dp/B0986TCG4Z/
from search-with-auto-complete ( atx power switch ) result 12
XMSJSIY Chassis Switch Host Metal Button, Computer Host Switch Cable PC Case LED Power Button ATX Supply On/Off for DIY Computer Switch 60cm - 1pcs (12mm)
==========================================================
3 mar 2025 4:38 am est :
this is best way to put hdd on thick-carpet-floor , i put hdd in other-way/normal-position on top of card-board-box-border and
that hdd (maxtor) under-side which have black-color and orange-color-tape , become excessively hot then mortem :
---https://www.ifixit.com/Guide/Asus+X551CA+Hard+Drive+Replacement/24289
from google-image ( hdd laptop upside down ) page 5 row 4 col 4
from
---https://www.reddit.com/r/DataHoarder/comments/14rom4q/is_it_ok_to_mount_hard_drives_upside_down/ from google ( hdd upside down ) result 1
r/DataHoarder
•
2 yr. ago
Sparky_S127
Is it OK to mount hard drives upside down?
Question/Advice
Is it OK to mount hard drives upside down.
My concern is that maybe over time gravity will affect internal components. (I suppose its no difference to having it the normal way up,
but I wanted to ask the question to put my mind at rest).
Reason for asking is my case has space for 10 drives, however the case has 5 double drive trays, so it requires you to mount 5 of the drives upside down.
Drives are WD Red's Pluses and Pro's (if that makes any difference to the question).
msanangelo
•
2 yr. ago
No it's fine. Laptops run theirs upsidedown all the time. You just want to keep them level at a horizontal or vertical position.
============================================
4 mar 2025 3:36 pm est :
nice case nzxt->source-210
https://pcpartpicker.com/product/fXw323/nzxt-case-s210001 from https://pcpartpicker.com/b/vGxrxr from
from https://pcpartpicker.com/builds/#sort=-recent&page=10 row last col 3
azza->solano
https://pcpartpicker.com/product/XmMFf7/azza-case-csaz1000
from https://pcpartpicker.com/b/w7vKHx from
https://pcpartpicker.com/builds/#sort=-recent&page=10 maybe page 1 , 2 , 3 , etc
last browse https://pcpartpicker.com/builds/#sort=-recent&page=16
[addition 5 mar 2025 3:58 pm est]
thermaltake->v-4 https://pcpartpicker.com/b/yhmG3C from https://pcpartpicker.com/builds/#sort=-recent&page=17 row 1 col 2
nzxt->h-2 https://pcpartpicker.com/b/7tK8TW from https://pcpartpicker.com/builds/#sort=-recent&page=17 row 2 col 2
bitfenix->merc-alpha https://pcpartpicker.com/b/pfFTwP from https://pcpartpicker.com/builds/#sort=-recent&page=17 row last col 2
[/addition 5 mar 2025 3:58 pm est]
[addition 6 mar 2025 3:28 pm est]
coolermaster->elite ( '430' , 431 ) : https://pcpartpicker.com/b/4TZLrH from https://pcpartpicker.com/builds/#sort=-recent&page=29 row 1 col 2
rosewill->red-bone : https://pcpartpicker.com/b/D8P6Mp from https://pcpartpicker.com/builds/#sort=-recent&page=32 row 3 col 4
last browse : https://pcpartpicker.com/builds/#sort=-recent&page=33
[/addition 6 mar 2025 3:28 pm est]
==========================================================
4 mar 2025 4:47 pm est :
---https://forums.anandtech.com/threads/why-do-amd-ryzen-cpus-have-so-few-frequencies-and-the-lowest-is-so-high.2574155/
from google ( amd lowest cpu ratio ) result 3
yeshua
Member
Aug 7, 2019
166
134
86
Dec 11, 2019
#1
While Intel CPUs have a ton of available frequency steps, Ryzen CPUs barely have any, so forcing an AMD CPU to work at a desired frequency
is kinda problematic to say the least.
E.g. my Ryzen 3700X has just 3 steps : 3 600 000 , 2 800 000 and 2 200 000 Hertz.
Does anyone know why AMD designed their CPUs this way? Is this an architectural limitation? Any insight is welcome.
yeshua
Member
Aug 7, 2019
166
134
86
Dec 11, 2019
#6
I want my Ryzen CPU to work at a desired frequency (not confined to just 2.2/2.8/3.6 GHz) and there are just 3 steps to choose
from which makes me wonder why I've received 4 totally irrelevant answers.
On any SkyLake and later Intel CPUs I can choose from a dozen of steps, from a base frequency down to 500 MHz. AMD's lowest value is 2.2 GHz.
=========================================================
5 mar 2025 9:56 am est :
---ebay.com/help/selling/fees-credits-invoices/selling-fees?id=4822
from google ( cost sell on ebay ) result 1
We charge two main types of selling fees: an insertion fee when you create a listing, and a final value fee when your item sells.
The amount we charge depends on the item's price, the format and category you choose for your listing, any optional listing upgrades you add, and your seller conduct and performance.
Do you have an eBay Store or want to sell vehicles? Fees are different for Store subscribers and for selling vehicles.
See our pages below for more information:
Store selling fees
Fees for selling a vehicle on eBay Motors
Insertion fees
Every month, you get up to 250 zero insertion fee listings, or more if you have an eBay Store. Learn more about how zero insertion fee listings work, including the terms and exclusions for those listings.
After you've used your zero insertion fee allowance, insertion fees are:
Non-refundable if your item doesn't sell
Charged per listing and per category. So, if you list your item in two categories, you'll pay an insertion fee for the second category too
Charged for the original listing and each time you choose to relist your item
Charged per listing if you create duplicate auction-style listings for identical items. Read more about our Duplicate listings policy
Charged only once per listing for listings with multiple items. Read more about listings with multiple items and listings with variations
Good 'Til Cancelled listings
Good 'Til Cancelled listings are fixed price listings that renew automatically once per calendar month. We charge an insertion fee and applicable optional listing upgrade fees when you list your item for the first time, and each time it renews. These listings count towards your monthly zero insertion fee listings. Fee amounts are based on the terms in effect when the listing goes live and when it renews.
Final value fees
We charge one final value fee when your item sells, and you don't have to worry about third-party payment processing fees. This fee is calculated as a percentage of the total amount of the sale, plus a per order fee. For orders $10.00 or less the per order fee is $0.30, for orders over $10.00 the per order fee is $0.40.
The total amount of the sale includes the item price, any handling charges, any shipping costs collected from the buyer (some exceptions apply), sales tax, and any other applicable fees.
An order is defined as any number of items purchased by the same buyer at checkout with the same shipping method.
If you need to refund the buyer or cancel the sale, you may be eligible for fee credits as per our fee credits policy.
Exceptions to how we calculate the final value fee on shipping
Basic fees for most categories
In the table below, you'll find the basic fees for items listed in most categories and the number of zero insertion fee listings you'll get each month.
Category
Insertion fee
Final value fee % + per order fee
Most categories, including eBay Motors > Parts & Accessories, Automotive Tools & Supplies, and Safety & Security Accessories. For vehicles, see our Motors fees.
First 250 listings free per month, then $0.35 per listing
13.6% on total amount of the sale up to $7,500 calculated per item
2.35% on the portion of the sale over $7,500
Books & Magazines
Movies & TV (except Movie NFTs)
Music (except Vinyl Records and Music NFTs categories)
15.3% on total amount of the sale up to $7,500 calculated per item
2.35% on the portion of the sale over $7,500
Coins & Paper Money (except Bullion)
13.25% on total amount of the sale up to $7,500 calculated per item
2.35% on the portion of the sale over $7,500
Coins & Paper Money > Bullion
13.6% if total amount of the sale is $7,500 or less, calculated per item
7% if total amount of the sale is over $7,500, calculated per item
Clothing, Shoes & Accessories > Women > Women's Bags & Handbags
15% if total amount of the sale is $2,000 or less, calculated per item
9% if total amount of the sale is over $2,000, calculated per item
Select Collectibles categories:
Comic Books & Memorabilia
Non-Sport Trading Cards
Sports Mem, Cards & Fan Shop > Sports Trading Cards
Toys & Hobbies > Collectible Card Games
13.25% on total amount of the sale up to $7,500 calculated per item
2.35% on the portion of the sale over $7,500
Jewelry & Watches (except Watches, Parts & Accessories)
15% if total amount of the sale is $5,000 or less, calculated per item
9% if total amount of the sale is over $5,000, calculated per item
Jewelry & Watches > Watches, Parts & Accessories
15% on total amount of the sale up to $1,000 calculated per item
6.5% on the portion of the sale over $1,000 up to $7,500 calculated per item
3% on the portion of the sale over $7,500
The following NFT categories:
Art NFTs
CCG NFTs
Emerging NFTs
Movie NFTs
Music NFTs
Non-Sport Trading Card NFTs
Sport Trading Card NFTs
5% on total amount of the sale
Select Business & Industrial categories:
Heavy Equipment Parts & Attachments > Heavy Equipment
Printing & Graphic Arts > Commercial Printing Presses
Restaurant & Food Service > Food Trucks, Trailers & Carts
$20
3% on total amount of the sale up to $15,000 calculated per item
0.5% on the portion of the sale over $15,000
Musical Instruments & Gear > Guitars & Basses
Free
6.7% on total amount of the sale up to $7,500 calculated per item
2.35% on the portion of the sale over $7,500
Select Clothing, Shoes & Accessories categories:
Men > Men's Shoes > Athletic Shoes
Women > Women's Shoes > Athletic Shoes
Free if starting price is $150 or more* - See: Notes for Basic fees
8% if total amount of the sale is $150 or more. The per order fee is not charged
13.6% if total amount of the sale is less than $150
Notes for Basic fees
* Starting price is the starting price (auction-style listings) or Buy It Now price (fixed price listings) of your listing, and doesn't include shipping, handling, taxes, or fees.
Fees for Classified Ad listing format
Insertion fees for Classified Ads are $9.95 for a 30-day listing and there are no final value fees.
You can use the Classified Ad format in the following categories:
Business & Industrial
Building Materials & Supplies > Modular & Pre-Fabricated Buildings
Office > Trade Show Displays
Websites & Businesses for Sale
Specialty Services
Travel (excluding Lodging, Luggage, and Vintage Luggage & Travel Accs categories)
Everything Else
eBay User Tools
Funeral & Cemetery
Information Products
Reward Points and Incentives Programs
You can also use Classified Ads for selling Real Estate, but the fees are different – see below for more information.
Fees for Real Estate listings
Fees for Real Estate listings include an insertion fee, a notice fee, and fees for any optional listing upgrades you choose. Real Estate listings can be auction-style, fixed price, or in the Classified Ad format. No matter which format you choose, there are some rules you should be aware of, so please take a moment to read our Real estate policy.
Land, Manufactured, and Timeshare homes
Listing type
Duration
Insertion fee
Notice fee
Auction-style
1, 3, 5, 7, or 10-day listing (1 and 3-day auction-style listings cost an additional $1)
$35
$35
Auction-style or fixed price
30-day auction or Good 'Til Cancelled
$50
$35
Classified Ad
30-day listing
$150
$0
90-day listing
$300
$0
Commercial, Residential, and Other Real Estate
Listing type
Duration
Insertion fee
Notice fee
Auction-style
1, 3, 5, 7, or 10-day listing (1 and 3-day auction-style listings cost an additional $1)
$100
$0
Auction-style or fixed price
30-day auction or Good 'Til Cancelled
$150
$0
Classified Ad
30-day listing
$150
$0
90-day listing
$300
$0
You won't be charged a notice fee if:
Your item has no bids
No bids meet your reserve price, if you added one
Your item is listed in the Classified Ad format
Otherwise, we charge a notice fee, whether or not you carry out the sale with the buyer.
Fees for optional listing upgrades
You can enhance your listings to help make them stand out by adding certain features, such as a subtitle, or bold font. The fees for these optional listing upgrades vary depending on your item's price and the listing format and duration. We've outlined the differences below.
Tip
You can add up to 24 photos with zoom and enlarge, as well as schedule your listings to start and end at a future date and time, free of charge. If you use the Classified Ad format, scheduling a listing will cost $0.10.
Auction-style listings – 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10-day duration
Optional listing upgrade
Fee
1 or 3-day duration
$1.00
Bold
$2.00
Gallery Plus
Free for listings in the Art, Antiques, Collectibles, and Pottery & Glass categories
$0.35
List in two categories
An insertion fee is always charged for the second category, and fees for any optional listing upgrades apply again. The higher of the two final value fees is charged, if your item sells
Subtitle
$1.50 – Item starting price up to $150
$3.00 – Item starting price over $150
$0.50 – Real Estate listings
Reserve price
Set a minimum price that must be met for your item to sell
$5.00 or 7.5% of reserve price, whichever is greater (maximum fee $250)
Charged whether or not your item sells
Reserve price in select Business & Industrial categories:
Heavy Equipment, Parts & Attachments > Heavy Equipment
Printing & Graphic Arts > Commercial Printing Presses
Restaurant & Food Service > Food Trucks, Trailers & Carts
$5.00
International site visibility for auction-style listings
Item starting price
Fee
$0.01 – $9.99
$0.10
$10 – $49.99
$0.20
$50 or more
$0.40
Fixed price listings – Good 'Til Cancelled* - See: Notes for Good Til Cancelled listings
Optional listing upgrade
Fee
Bold
$4.00
Gallery Plus
Free for listings in the Art, Antiques, Collectibles, and Pottery & Glass categories
$1.00
International site visibility for fixed price listings
$0.50
List in two categories
An insertion fee is always charged for the second category, and fees for any optional listing upgrades apply again. The higher of the two final value fees is charged, if your item sells
Scheduled Listing
Free
Subtitle
$2.00 – Item price up to $150
$6.00 – Item price over $150
$1.50 – Classified Ads and Real Estate listings
Notes for Good Til Cancelled listings
* Also applies to Real Estate 30-day duration auction-style listings
If your listings renew automatically, you'll be charged insertion and optional listing upgrade fees each time your listing is renewed.
Please keep in mind that not all optional listing upgrades are available with every listing tool and not all optional listing upgrades may be displayed across all our sites, services, applications, and tools.
Additional final value fees
You may be charged final value fees if you violate our policy of buying or selling outside of eBay, or we may apply additional final value fees if you are not meeting our performance expectations.
Buying or selling outside of eBay
If you offer or reference your contact information or ask a buyer for their contact information in the context of buying or selling outside of eBay, you'll be charged a final value fee based on the total amount of the sale even if your item doesn't sell. In this situation, the total amount of the sale is determined as follows:
Auction-style listing format: The total amount of the sale is the auction start price, the Buy It Now price (if applicable), the reserve price (if applicable), or the price identified between the buyer and seller, whichever is highest.
Fixed price listing format: The total amount of the sale is the fixed price or the price identified between the buyer and seller, whichever is higher.
Sellers not meeting performance expectations
Additional final value fees may apply on sales in the following circumstances:
If your account is evaluated as Below Standard for the US in the evaluation on the 20th of the month, you'll be charged an additional 6% on the final value fees applicable to sales in the following calendar month. Go to your Seller Dashboard - opens in new window or tab to check your current seller level. This fee does not apply to Above Standard and eBay Top-rated Sellers
If your rate of 'Item not as described' return requests is evaluated in your service metrics as Very High in the evaluation on the 20th of the month in one or more categories, you will be charged an additional 5% on the final value fees for sales in those categories in the following calendar month. You can view your personalized service metrics on your Service Metrics dashboard - opens in new window or tab in Seller Hub.
Any additional final value fees will be calculated as a percentage of the total amount of the sale. We'll indicate which listings are subject to additional fees on your Account Summary - opens in new window or tab.
Note: If your account is Below Standard and you're rated Very High in your rate of 'Item not as described' return requests, you'll only be charged the additional final value fee for Below Standard.
Dispute fee
If you are found responsible for a disputed amount as per eBay policies (e.g., chargeback), we charge a $20.00 dispute fee, excluding sales tax, for each dispute.
International fee
If your registered address is in the US and you offer eBay International Shipping - opens in new window or tab for your eligible listings, you won't be charged an international fee when your eligible item sells.
If you're not using eBay International Shipping to ship your item, we charge an international fee if either:
The delivery address for the item (entered by the buyer during checkout) is outside the US, or
The buyer's registered address is outside the US (regardless of the delivery address for the item)
This fee is calculated as 1.65% of the total amount of the sale and is automatically deducted from your sales.
If your registered address is not in the US, please refer to the fee page for your country or region of residence for your international fee information.
Seller currency conversion charge
When you create listings or sell items on an international eBay site, eBay may convert your funds to a different currency in order to collect amounts owed by you to eBay, or to payout funds due to you.
For example, if your registered address is in the US and you create a listing on eBay.de for which fees are due (such as insertion and/or optional listing upgrade fees), eBay will convert your funds from USD to EUR using the transaction exchange rate applicable at the time of listing, in order to collect these fees. When the item sells on eBay.de, eBay will calculate your payout amount by converting the sales proceeds from EUR to USD using the transaction exchange rate applicable at the time of the sale.
If eBay converts your funds, the conversion will be completed at the transaction exchange rate we set for the relevant currency exchange. eBay's transaction exchange rate is composed of a base exchange rate plus a conversion charge. The conversion charge is a fixed percentage applied to the base exchange rate and retained by eBay. The base exchange rate reflects rates within the wholesale currency markets applicable to the currency pairing on the day of the conversion, or the prior business day. If exchange rates are set by law or regulation, the base exchange rate reflects the government reference rates.
If your registered address is in the US, the seller currency conversion charge applied and retained by eBay is 3%. If your registered address is not in the US, please refer to the fee page for your country or region of residence for your seller currency conversion charge information.
Examples of fee calculations
Auction-style listing example
You're selling the latest version of a smartphone in used condition using a 10-day duration. You select a starting price of $199, with a Buy It Now price of $400, and you offer free shipping.
You've already used your allocation of zero insertion fee listings this month. You are meeting our performance expectations.
The item sells immediately for the Buy It Now price of $400. Since you aren't charging the buyer for shipping or any other costs, $424 is the total amount of the sale (includes 6% sales tax).
Your total fees for this item:
Insertion fee
$0.35
Final value fee (13.6% of $424, + $0.40)
$58.06
Total fees
$58.41
You make $341.59, or approximately 85% of the sale price, not including shipping costs.
Fixed price listing example
You're selling a trading card for $9,500 with free shipping. You've already used your allocation of zero insertion fee listings this month, and your seller account is meeting our performance expectations at the time your item sells.
To attract the attention of more buyers, you add the Bold listing upgrade.
The total amount of the sale is $10,070 (includes 6% sales tax).
Your total fees for this item:
Insertion fee
$0.35
Final value fee (13.25% of $7,500, + 2.35% of $2,570, + $0.40)
$1,054.55
Bold fee
$4.00
Total fees
$1,058.90
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=====================================
5 mar 2025 10:7 am est :
my ordinary logitech mouse sometimes double-left-click even-though i only do single-left-click .
new mouse :
---ebay.com/itm/235885806230?_skw=mouse
from ebay.com/sch/i.html?_nkw=mouse&_sacat=0&_from=R40&_sop=15
---https://www.walmart.com/ip/onn-USB-Optical-Ambidextrous-Mouse-USB-Nano-Receiver-Lavender/1402487137
---https://www.amazon.com/Logitech-B100-Corded-Mouse-Computers/dp/B003L62T7W/
---https://www.amazon.com/Rii-Silent-Computer-Buttons-Desktop/dp/B0DGF9FHZF/
my ordinary 'sakar iconcepts 90050ns from walmart' , sometimes repeat what i press ,
1 time in firefox : i do 'control n' to create firefox-'new tab' and i get infinitely many firefox-'new tab'
new keyboard logitech.com->k-120
---https://www.amazon.com/Logitech-920-002478-K120-USB-Keyboard/dp/B003ELVLKU/
---https://www.bestbuy.com/site/logitech-k120-full-size-wired-membrane-keyboard-for-pc-with-spill-resistant-design-black/1053557.p
[addition 8 apr 2025 7:39 am est]
---https://www.amazon.com/HP-Windows-Keyboard-672646-003-724718-001/dp/B079YM1WH3/
[/addition 8 apr 2025 7:39 am est]
some month ago i use walmart.com->onn-mouse
: https://www.walmart.com/ip/onn-USB-Optical-Ambidextrous-Mouse-USB-Nano-Receiver-Lavender/1402487137
then i give that onn-mouse to my father because my father complain about his 'ordinary logitech mouse' sometimes not doing what he want .
then i use my father's 'ordinary logitech mouse' and now 'sometimes double-left-click even-though i only do single-left-click' , now i feel sick-and-tired
of that , i want properly-working-mouse .
=============================================
5 mar 2025 4:11 pm est : #add# [addition 5 mar 2025 3:58 pm est]
=============================================
6 mar 2025 3:38 pm est : #add# [addition 6 mar 2025 3:28 pm est]
=============================================
10 mar 2025 2:23 pm est : end 8:19 pm est
---https://www.amazon.com/Cherry-Corded-Durable-Reliable-3-Button/dp/B00U143XNG/ from search ( onn mouse ) page 2 last item sponsor
---https://www.amazon.com/Macally-Windows-Desktop-Computer-Compact/dp/B07HGVXJPK/ from search ( onn mouse ) page 5 result 2
---https://www.amazon.com/OWII-TECH-Wired-Scrolling-Mice/dp/B0DFMLLLDT/ from search ( onn mouse ) page 5 result 20
---https://www.amazon.com/usb-wired-mouse-laptop-computer/dp/B07FTKQ97Q/ from search ( onn mouse ) page 5 result last
---https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ArD1R2MoLMQ ( Antec VSK 4000E PC Case Unboxing ) from google-image ( antec VSK4000E ) row 4 col last
from https://www.amazon.com/Antec-VSK4000E-U3_US-Black-Steel-Computer/dp/B095VYKSQZ/
from recommended item in search ( sunny sf t7705smart treadmill )
---https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09YTT9ZRP/ref=twister_B09YTVQJ4K?_encoding=UTF8&th=1
1)2.40 usd / 8 gb = 0.3 usd per gb
---https://www.amazon.com/PNY-256GB-Turbo-Attache-Flash/dp/B00JN1TOHM/
3)9 usd / 64 gb = 0.140625 usb per gb
4)11 usd / 128 gb = 0.0859375 usb per gb
1)15 usd / 256 gb = 0.05859375 usb per gb
2)28 usd / 512 gb = 0.0546875 usb per gb
---https://www.amazon.com/TOPESEL-Flash-Memory-Swivel-JumpDrive/dp/B07DQF5KFS/
5)10 usd / 128 gb = 0.078125 usb per gb
---https://www.amazon.com/StickUSB3-0-External-Compatible-Computer-Silver512G/dp/B0DFM6ZJG6/
6)30 usd / 512 gb = 0.05859375 usb per gb
---https://www.amazon.com/TEAMGROUP-External-Storage-Compatible-Computer-TC175ECO3512GG01/dp/B0C7BNY614/
---https://www.teamgroupinc.com/en/product-detail/usb/TEAMGROUP/c175-eco/c175-eco-TC175ECO3512GG01/
7)31 usd / 512 gb = 0.060546875 usb per gb
---https://www.amazon.com/TEAMGROUP-Memory-Compatible-Computer-TC1753256GB01/dp/B091YV4JQN/
1)14 usd / 256 gb = 0.0546875 usb per gb
---https://www.amazon.com/Bilious-Personalized-Portable-Waterproof-Storage/dp/B0CGZ2YD9Y/
2)8 usd / 64 gb = 0.125 usb per gb
---https://www.amazon.com/enttgo-Original-Coaster-Driving-Comfort/dp/B0DXVG1YSZ/ 13 usd
---https://www.amazon.com/enttgo-Accessories-Shoulder-Cover%EF%BC%8CComfortable-Convenient/dp/B0DWSQP9P4/ 14 usd
===================================================
this is why i think it is best to buy what is needed and enough rather-than find best-bang-for-the-buck/best-deal/best-price-item .
government-mathematics-formula for setting gold-price , rice-price , is not being published , mysterious .
and i feel this superstition : i think every item produce curse , example : i think usb 8 gb produce smaller curse than usb 512 gb .
---https://www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/does-the-federal-reserve-own-or-hold-gold.htm from google ( how government set gold price ) result 1
Does the Federal Reserve own or hold gold?
The Federal Reserve does not own gold.
The Gold Reserve Act of 1934 required the Federal Reserve System to transfer ownership of all of its gold to the Department of the Treasury.
In exchange, the Secretary of the Treasury issued gold certificates to the Federal Reserve for the amount of gold transferred at
the then-applicable statutory price for gold held by the Treasury.
Gold certificates are denominated in U.S. dollars. Their value is based on the statutory price for gold at the time the certificates are issued.
Gold certificates do not give the Federal Reserve any right to redeem the certificates for gold.
The statutory price of gold is set by law. It does not fluctuate with the market price of gold and has been constant at $42 2/9, or
$42.2222, per fine troy ounce since 1973. The book value of the gold held by the Treasury is determined using the statutory price.
Although the Federal Reserve does not own any gold, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York acts as the custodian of gold owned by account holders
such as the U.S. government, foreign governments, other central banks, and official international organizations. No individuals or
private sector entities are permitted to store gold in the vault of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or at any Federal Reserve Bank.
A small portion of the gold held by the U.S. Treasury (roughly $600 million in book value)--about five percent--is held in custody
for the Treasury by the Federal Reserve Banks, as fiscal agents of the United States. The vast majority of this gold is located in
the vault at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and a very small portion is on display in several Federal Reserve Banks.
The remaining 95 percent of U.S. Treasury gold ($10.4 billion in book value) is held in custody for the Treasury by the U.S. Mint.
Gold vault operations of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York
The Federal Reserve reports information on gold and gold certificates weekly in its H.4.1 statistical release.
The "Factors Affecting Reserve Balances of Depository Institutions" table reports the book value of gold held by the Treasury
under "Gold stock." The "Consolidated Statement of Condition of All Federal Reserve Banks" table reports the value of gold certificates
held by the Federal Reserve under "Gold certificate account."1
The Federal Reserve also reports information on gold in its monthly International Summary Statistics release. Table 3.12 reports the book value of
the Treasury's gold holdings under "Gold stock." Table 3.13 reports the book value of the gold held in custody at
Federal Reserve Bank of New York for foreign and international accounts under "Earmarked gold."
The Treasury's monthly Status Report of U.S. Treasury-Owned Gold reports the Treasury's gold holdings by location.
The Treasury's Annual Report provides information on gold and gold certificates in the table
"United States Central Summary General Ledger Account Balances."
The Treasury's Agency Financial Report provides information on the Treasury's gold holdings in the Consolidated Balance Sheets under
"Gold and Silver Reserves."
The Mint's gold holdings are included in the entry "Inventory" on the Mint's balance sheet in the bureau's Annual Report.
1. The reported value for "gold stock" is not the same as the reported value for "gold certificates." By law, the value of gold certificates held by
Federal Reserve must be less than or equal to the book value of gold held by the Treasury, and the Treasury has not issued gold certificates
against all the gold it owns. In 2002, the Treasury set aside a stock of 100,000 fine troy ounces of gold to help ensure that the book value of
gold held by the Treasury would always exceed the value of gold certificates held by the Federal Reserve. This stock, which is sometimes referred
to as "unmonetized" gold, has a book value of $4.22 million. Return to text
=================================================
---https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0311/what-drives-the-price-of-gold.aspx from google ( how government set gold price ) result 2
Understanding the Dynamics Behind Gold Prices
An In-Depth Look at the Economic and Market Influences on Gold
By Adam Hayes
Updated February 26, 2025
Fact checked by Stella Osoba
Part of the Series
Investing in Gold
Gold has captivated human kind for millennia-serving not only as a symbol of wealth but as a cornerstone of the global financial system.
Understanding what drives gold prices is crucial for investors, economists, and anyone interested in the value of this precious metal.
This guide explores the factors that drive its price.
Key Takeaways
Gold's price is influenced by central bank reserves and their purchasing trends.
Economic and political instability increase demand for gold as a safe haven.
Global gold production and mining challenges affect gold's supply and price.
Demand for gold in jewelry and technology sectors also impacts its price.
Understanding Gold as an Asset
Gold's distinctive characteristics set it apart from other investments. Beyond its luster, the metal's limited supply and indestructible nature
have contributed to its stability as a long-term store of value. Gold cannot be printed like currency or created out of thin air.
Its scarcity and permanence have made it a hedge against currency devaluation or inflation and economic instability.
Unlike stocks or bonds, gold is tangible. It maintains high liquidity across global markets and is universally recognized as valuable,
regardless of political or economic conditions. Its value tends to rise when confidence in other financial assets declines, particularly
during periods of high inflation, economic uncertainty, or geopolitical instability.1
These properties make it an attractive part of diversified investment portfolios.
Historical Price Trends of Gold
modern era of gold pricing effectively began in 1971 with the end of Bretton Woods system, which had previously
fixed gold's price to usd . Gold prices have been allowed to float freely , leading to significant volatility throughout
year 1970s as stagflation drove investors toward safe havens. The decade culminated in January 1980 with gold reaching what remains
its inflation-adjusted peak of about $3,300 in today's dollars. The metal would then enter a lengthy decline through the 1980s and 1990s,
bottoming at just $253 per ounce in 1999 amid a strong global economy.
The 21st century ushered in a new chapter for gold prices, marked by several dramatic rallies tied to major economic crises.
The 2008 financial crisis saw gold surge from $730 to $1,300 between October 2008 and October 2010, while the European sovereign debt crisis
pushed prices to $1,825 by mid-2011. More recently, the pandemic triggered another significant rally. High inflation kept that rally going, and
political instability kept the trend going once inflation pulled back from the highs in early 2020. Gold ultimately reached a new nominal
record high above $2,900 in February 2025.2
however When viewing gold's performance in a broader context, it's important to take a comparative approach.
If you invested $100 in gold in 1972 then that would have grown to about $4,500 by 2024, an impressive return, until you compared investing
that same $100 invested in S&P 500 , which would have grown to over $18,500.234 .
The chart below compares annual returns for gold and S&P 500 over time :
This historical perspective reveals gold's dual nature : while it serves as a useful hedge during specific conditions like high inflation or
market uncertainty, it may underperform other assets during periods of stability and growth.
Key Factors Influencing Gold Prices
Gold Supply and Mining Production
As with any produced commodity, the law of supply and demand fundamentally drives the price of gold.
Yet, gold is fairly unique because new supply each year is small compared with the total existing stock,
making prices particularly sensitive to fluctuations in demand or sentiment rather than production levels.
Annual mine production adds approximately about 2 % to 3 % to above-ground gold stock.5
However, changes in production levels, whether due to discoveries, technological advances, or regulatory constraints, still influence prices.
For example, environmental regulations and increasing extraction costs have made new mining projects more challenging, potentially constraining
future supply growth.6
Major gold producing countries include China, South Africa, the United States, Australia, Russia, Ghana, Indonesia, and Peru.7
Central Bank Reserves
Central banks influence gold prices through their reserve management policies. They hold about 1/5 of all gold ever mined.8
Central banks buy gold to maintain stability and credibility in their monetary systems and preserve national wealth against various economic
risks-and when they do make large purchases, their actions can drive up global gold prices by both reducing available supply and
signaling confidence in gold as a strategic asset.
In recent years, there has been an increase in gold purchases by central banks, particularly from emerging market economies seeking
to diversify their reserves away from the U.S. dollar.910
Inflation and the Value of the U.S. Dollar
Since gold is often dollar-denominated on world markets, its price tends to exhibit an inverse relationship with the U.S. dollar.11
Gold is comparatively less expensive for foreign buyers when the dollar weakens against other major currencies, potentially increasing demand and
driving up prices. Conversely, a stronger dollar often corresponds with lower gold prices.
Relatedly, when U.S. interest rates are low, the opportunity cost of holding gold (which pays no yield) decreases, making it more attractive
to investors. When interest rates rise, gold demand may fall. This relationship becomes particularly important during periods of high inflation.
If rates lag behind inflation, creating negative real interest rates, gold often benefits as investors seek to preserve purchasing power.
That said, in the mid-2020s, gold prices continued to rise even as interest rates and inflation have come down.
Economic Uncertainty and Safe Haven Demand
Market volatility, geopolitical tensions, and economic crises often drive investors toward gold as a safe haven asset.
During periods of uncertainty, gold's historical stability and lack of correlation with other financial assets make it particularly attractive.
In this way, gold has often served as a sort of insurance against extreme market events and systemic risks that could impact traditional
investment portfolios. Gold's physical nature and its 5,000-year history as a store of value make it uniquely suited to satisfy this deeply
rooted human instinct for security during turbulent times. This psychological anchor helps explain why gold often experiences increased demand
precisely when other assets are sold in a panic, creating characteristic countercyclical price movements.12
Investor Demand Through ETFs and Mutual Funds
Investment demand for gold through specialized mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and other investment vehicles has emerged as
a major force in the gold market since the early 2000s, fundamentally changing how both institutional and retail investors access gold.13
These financial products allow investors to gain exposure to gold prices without the logistical challenges of storing and securing actual bullion,
effectively democratizing gold investment.
When investors buy shares in gold ETFs, the funds typically purchase and store physical gold to back up these shares, creating a direct link between
fund flows and physical gold demand.
As of the first quarter of 2025, SPDR Gold Shares ETF (GLD), one of the largest gold ETFs, along with its lower-cost sister fund GLDM, collectively
held more than 31.6 million ounces of gold—worth more than $90 billion.14
Consumer Demand for Gold: Jewelry and Technology
The jewelry sector traditionally dominates gold demand, accounting for approximately 50% of annual consumption.15 This demand is deeply rooted
in cultural traditions and economic behavior, which is particularly evident in markets like India and China, where gold jewelry serves
a dual purpose as both fashion/adornment and as a store of wealth.16 The cultural significance of gold in these markets creates distinct
demand patterns, such as predictable spikes during wedding seasons in India or Chinese New Year celebrations.17
While industrial applications consume smaller quantities of gold, they represent an increasingly significant and more stable source of demand,
primarily due to gold's unique physical properties that make it difficult to substitute in critical applications. The electronics industry
uses gold for its superior electrical conductivity and resistance to corrosion, making it important in manufacturing sophisticated devices,
from smartphones to medical equipment.1518
Investment Demand
Gold also sees demand from ETFs. These are securities that hold the metal and issue shares that investors can buy and sell, just like stocks.
SPDR Gold Trust ETF is the largest and it held about 863 ton gold in September 2024.19
When expected or actual returns on bonds, equities, and real estate fall, the interest in gold investing can increase, driving up its price.
Gold can be used as a hedge to protect against economic events like currency devaluation or inflation.
While some ETFs represent ownership in the actual metal, others hold shares of mining companies rather than actual gold.
The Bottom Line
Gold prices are determined by a range of factors, from central bank policies to industrial demand and investor sentiment.
Understanding these drivers is crucial for anyone considering gold as an investment or seeking to comprehend its role in the global financial system.
===================================================================================
---https://www.nationthailand.com/business/trade/40046527 from google ( how government set rice price ) result 4
THURSDAY , 20 feb 2025
PM Paetongtarn meets ministers over rice price decline, urges swift action
Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra convened a high-level meeting with Commerce Minister Pichai Naripthaphan and Agriculture and
Cooperatives Minister Narumon Pinyosinwat at Government House on Thursday (February 20) to address the recent drop in rice prices.
The discussions followed mounting pressure from farmers demanding urgent government intervention.
After an hour-long meeting, Pichai and Narumon announced that the National Rice Policy and Management Subcommittee on Marketing would hold
a session at the Ministry of Commerce to finalize solutions before making further announcements.
Narumon stated that the Prime Minister is highly concerned about farmers and has instructed the Ministry of Agriculture to collaborate with
Ministry of Commerce. She explained that the Subcommittee consists of two key panels: Pichai heads the marketing panel, while the Ministry of
Agriculture oversees the production panel.
She further noted that various assistance measures would be reviewed in the marketing panel meeting scheduled for today (Feb 20, 2025).
The Prime Minister stressed that all mechanisms must be legally sound and feasible, with clear procedural guidelines. These include ensuring
registered farmers specify the rice varieties they cultivate, the size of their farmlands, and available storage facilities. Efforts are also
underway to schedule a full committee meeting next week, allowing the conclusions to be presented to the Cabinet in the following week to
facilitate timely implementation before Thailand’s premium rice varieties hit the market in March.
Meanwhile, the Prime Minister reaffirmed the government’s commitment to supporting farmers in a personal social media post, stating that
the administration has always stood by agricultural communities and is determined to implement solutions swiftly.
A critical issue under review is the widespread cultivation of uncertified rice varieties, which compromises quality and
depresses overall market prices. In response, the Prime Minister has directed the Ministry of Agriculture to expedite the development and
distribution of high-quality rice varieties to farmers.
Regarding short-term price stabilization measures, the National Rice Policy and Management Committee is set to finalize a set of policies
during today’s meeting, which will be submitted to the Cabinet for approval.
“I urge all farmers to remain confident that the government is prioritizing this issue and will take decisive action,” the Prime Minister assured.
Farmers Demand Concrete Solutions
Separately, Pramote Charoensil, President of the Thai Farmers and Agriculture Association, disclosed that the association had submitted
a formal request to the Ministers of Agriculture and Commerce, seeking clarification on three critical issues concerning rice price relief:
What measures will the government implement to address the current decline in rice prices?
What is the progress on the proposed 500-baht-per-rai compensation for banning rice straw burning?
How will the government assist with access to rice seeds and rising production costs, such as fertilizers and fuel?
Pramote reported that current price of paddy rice, such as White Rice RD-79 with 25 % moisture, remain relatively stable at approximately
8,000 baht per ton. However, he acknowledged that regional price variations persist, with some areas witnessing rates as low as 6,000 baht per ton.
The association plans to propose a fixed price structure, recommending that thai-government set a guaranteed rate of 10,000 baht per ton for white rice
with 15 % moisture instead of distributing a 500-baht-per-rai subsidy.
Regarding proposal to establish a price guarantee of 11,000 baht per ton , Pramote emphasised that specific rice varieties must be considered.
He warned that failing to implement these measures could exacerbate financial difficulties for farmers.
“If government rejects this proposal then it will face significant challenges. Production costs have surged to 5,500–6,000 baht per rai.
Without appropriate support, rice farming will become unprofitable, pushing farmers into deeper hardship,” Pramote cautioned.
Unfavorable Weather Conditions Worsen Rice Crisis
Kriengsak Tapananont, Honorary Advisor to the Association, highlighted additional challenges posed by weather conditions.
He explained that unseasonably cold weather has negatively impacted rice cultivation, preventing full grain development and
resulting in unfilled grains across all rice varieties. Coupled with declining rice prices, this has left some farmers earning only
6,000–8,000 baht per rai from their harvests.
====================================
---https://pearlpropertythailand.com/news/understanding-thailands-land-measurement-system-rai-ngan-and-wah-explained
from google ( thailand rice rai ) result 2 -> ppl also ask -> How much is 1 rai in Thailand?
1 rai = 1,600 meter2 = 17,222 feet2
1 ngan = 400 meter2 = 4,305 feet2
1 wah = 4 meter2 = 43 feet2
1 acre = 2.5 rai = 10 ngan = 400 wah
1 hectar = 10,000 m2 = 6.25 rai = 25 ngan = 2,500 wah
===========================================
21 mar 2025 9:54 pm est :
---https://www.asus.com/supportonly/p8h61-m%20lecsm%20r2.0/helpdesk_cpu/
cpu-list for : ASUS P8H61-M LE/CSM R2.0 LGA 1155 Intel H61 Micro ATX Intel Motherboard
'---https://www.amazon.com/ASUS-P8H61-M-CSM-R2-0-Motherboard/dp/B008NA1K0S/ 93 usd , 134 usd ga ada user-manual'
CPU Validated since PCB Validated since BIOS Note
Core i3-2100 (3.1G,L3:3M,iGPU,2C,rev.Q0) ALL 0402 GO
Core i3-2100T (2.5G,L3:3M,iGPU,2C,rev.Q0) ALL 0402 GO
Core i3-2105 (3.1G,L3:3M,iGPU,2C,rev.D2) ALL 0402 GO
Core i3-2120 (3.3G,L3:3M,iGPU,2C,rev.Q0) ALL 0402 GO
Core i3-2120T (2.6G,L3:3M,iGPU,2C) ALL 0402 GO
Core i3-2125 (3.3G,L3:3M,iGPU,2C) ALL 0402 GO
Core i3-2130 (3.4G,L3:3M,iGPU,2C) ALL 0402 GO
Core i3-3210 (3.2G,L3:3M,iGPU,GT1,55W,2C,rev.P0) ALL 0804 GO
Core i3-3220 (3.3G,L3:3M,iGPU,2C,rev.E1) ALL 0402 GO
Core i3-3220 (3.3G,L3:3M,iGPU,2C,rev.N0) ALL 0402 GO
Core i3-3220 (3.3G,L3:3M,iGPU,2C,rev.P0) ALL 0402 GO
Core i3-3220T (2.8G,L3:3M,iGPU,2C,rev.P0) ALL 0402 GO
Core i3-3240 (3.4G,L3:3M,iGPU,2C,rev.P0) ALL 0402 GO
Core i3-3240T (2.9G,L3:3M,iGPU,2C,rev.P0) ALL 0402 GO
Core i3-3245 (3.4G,2C,HT,L3:3M,55W,GT1,rev.L1) ALL 0901 GO
Core i3-3250 (3.5G,2C,HT,L3:3M,55W,GT1,rev.P0) ALL 0901 GO
Core i3-3250T (3.0G,2C,HT,L3:3M,35W,GT1,rev.P0) ALL 0901 GO
Core i5-2300 (2.8G,L3:6M,iGPU,4C,rev.D2) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-2310 (2.9G,L3:6M,iGPU,4C,rev.D2) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-2320 (3.0G,L3:6M,iGPU,4C,rev.D2) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-2380P (3.1G,L3:6M,non-iGPU,4C,rev.D2) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-2390T (2.7G,L3:3M,iGPU,2C,rev.Q0) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-2400 (3.1G,L3:6M,iGPU,4C,rev.D2) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-2400S (2.5G,L3:6M,iGPU,4C,rev.D2) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-2405S (2.5G,L3:6M,iGPU,4C,rev.D2) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-2450P (3.2G,L3:6M,non-iGPU,4C,rev.D2) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-2500 (3.3G,L3:6M,iGPU,4C,rev.D2) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-2500K (3.3G,L3:6M,iGPU,4C,rev.D2) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-2500S (2.7G,L3:6M,iGPU,4C,rev.D2) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-2500T (2.3G,L3:6M,iGPU,4C,rev.D2) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-2550K (3.4G,L3:6M,non-iGPU,4C,rev.D2) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-3330 (3.0G,L3:6M,iGPU,4C,VT-d,77W,rev.N0) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-3340 (3.1G, L3:6M, GT1, 4C, VT-d,77W, rev.E1) ALL 0901 GO
Core i5-3340 (3.1G, L3:6M, GT1, 4C, VT-d,77W, rev.N0) ALL 0901 GO
Core i5-3340S (2.8G, L3:6M, GT1, 4C, VT-d, 65W, rev.E1) ALL 0901 GO
Core i5-3350P (3.1G,L3:6M,4C,69W,rev.E1) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-3350P (3.1G,L3:6M,4C,69W,rev.N0) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-3450 (3.1G,L3:6M,iGPU,4C,VT-d,77W,rev.E1) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-3450S (2.8G,L3:6M,iGPU,4C,VT-d,65W,rev.E1) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-3470 (3.2G,L3:6M,iGPU,4C,VT-d,77W,rev.N0) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-3470S (2.9G,L3:6M,iGPU,4C,VT-d,65W,rev.N0) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-3470T (2.9G,L3:3M,iGPU,DC,VT-d,35W,rev.L1) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-3475S (2.9G,L3:6M,iGPU,GT2,4C,VT-d,65W,rev.E1) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-3550 (3.3G,L3:6M,iGPU,4C,VT-d,77W,rev.E1) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-3550S (3.0G,L3:6M,iGPU,4C,VT-d,65W,rev.E1) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-3570K (3.4G,L3:6M,iGPU,4C,77W,rev.E1) ALL 0402 GO
Core i5-3570T (2.3G,L3:6M,iGPU,4C,VT-d,45W,rev.E1) ALL 0402 GO
Core i7-2600 (3.4G,L3:8M,iGPU,4C,rev.D2) ALL 0402 GO
Core i7-2600K (3.4G,L3:8M,iGPU,4C,rev.D2) ALL 0402 GO
Core i7-2600S (2.8G,L3:8M,iGPU,4C,rev.D2) ALL 0402 GO
Core i7-2700K (3.5G,L3:8M,iGPU,4C,rev.D2) ALL 0402 GO
Core i7-3770 (3.4G,L3:8M,iGPU,4C,HT.VT-d,77W,rev.E1) ALL 0402 GO
Core i7-3770K (3.5G,L3:8M,iGPU,4C,HT,77W,rev.E1) ALL 0402 GO
Core i7-3770S (3.1G,L3:8M,iGPU,GT2,4C,HT,VT-d,65W,rev.E1) ALL 0402 GO
Core i7-3770T (2.5G,L3:8M,iGPU,GT2,4C,HT,VT-d,45W,rev.E1) ALL 0402 GO
Intel Celeron G1610 (2.6GHz,55W,L3:2MB,2C,rev.P0) ALL 0804 GO
Intel Celeron G1610 (2.6GHz,55W,L3:2MB,2C,rev.P0) ALL 0804 GO
Intel Celeron G1610T (2.3GHz,35W,L3:2MB,2C,rev.P0) ALL 0804 GO
Intel Celeron G1610T (2.3GHz,35W,L3:2MB,2C,rev.P0) ALL 0804 GO
Intel Celeron G1620 (2.7GHz,55W,L3:2MB,2C,rev.P0) ALL 0804 GO
Intel Celeron G1620 (2.7GHz,55W,L3:2MB,2C,rev.P0) ALL 0804 GO
Intel Celeron G1620T (2.4GHz, 2C, 35W, L3:2MB, rev.P0) ALL 0901 GO
Intel Celeron G1630 (2.8GHz, 55W, L3:2MB, 2C, rev.P0) ALL 0901 GO
Intel Celeron G440 (1.6G,35W,32nm,1MB,1C) ALL 0402 GO
Intel Celeron G460 (1.8G,35W,32nm,1.5MB,1C) ALL 0402 GO ---https://www.amazon.com/INTEL-Celeron-Processor-G460-BX80623G460/dp/B006MAILCQ/ from google ( celeron g470 ) result 6
Intel Celeron G465 (1.9G,35W,32nm,1.5MB,1C) ALL 0405 GO
intel Celeron G470 (2.0G,1C,HT,35W,32nm,L3:1.5MB,HD,rev.Q0) ALL 0901 GO
Intel Celeron G530 (2.4G,65W,32nm,2MB,2C) ALL 0402 GO
Intel Celeron G530T (2.0G,35W,32nm,2MB,2C) ALL 0402 GO
Intel Celeron G540 (2.5G,65W,32nm,2MB,2C) ALL 0402 GO
Intel Celeron G540T (2.1G,35W,32nm,2MB,2C) ALL 0402 GO
Intel Celeron G550 (2.6G,65W,32nm,2MB,2C) ALL 0402 GO
Intel Celeron G550T (2.2G,35W,32nm,2MB,2C) ALL 0405 GO
Intel Celeron G555 (2.7G,65W,32nm,2MB,2C) ALL 0405 GO
Intel Pentium G2010 (2.8GHz,55W,22nm,3MB,2C,rev.E1) ALL 0804 GO
Intel Pentium G2010 (2.8GHz,55W,22nm,3MB,2C,rev.L1) ALL 0804 GO
Intel Pentium G2010 (2.8GHz,55W,22nm,3MB,2C,rev.N0) ALL 0804 GO
Intel Pentium G2010 (2.8GHz,55W,22nm,3MB,2C,rev.P0) ALL 0804 GO
Intel Pentium G2010 (2.8GHz,55W,22nm,3MB,2C,rev.P0) ALL 0804 GO
Intel Pentium G2020 (2.9GHz,55W,22nm,3MB,2C,rev.P0) ALL 0804 GO
Intel Pentium G2020 (2.9GHz,55W,22nm,3MB,2C,rev.P0) ALL 0804 GO
Intel Pentium G2020T (2.5GHz,35W,22nm,GT1,L3:3MB,2C,rev.P0) ALL 0804 GO
Intel Pentium G2020T (2.5GHz,35W,22nm,GT1,L3:3MB,2C,rev.P0) ALL 0804 GO
Intel Pentium G2100T (2.6GHz,35W,22nm,3MB,2C,rev.P0) ALL 0402 GO
Intel Pentium G2120 (3.1GHz,55W,22nm,3MB,2C,rev.P0) ALL 0402 GO
Intel Pentium G2130 (3.2GHz,55W,22nm,3MB,2C,rev.P0) ALL 0804 GO
Intel Pentium G620 (2.6G,65W,32nm,3MB,2C,rev.Q0) ALL 0402 GO
Intel Pentium G620T (2.2G,35W,32nm,3MB,2C,rev.Q0) ALL 0402 GO
Intel Pentium G630 (2.7G,65W,32nm,3MB,2C) ALL 0402 GO
Intel Pentium G630T (2.3G,35W,32nm,3MB,2C) ALL 0402 GO
Intel Pentium G640 (2.8G,65W,32nm,3MB,2C) ALL 0402 GO
Intel Pentium G640T (2.4G,35W,32nm,3MB,2C) ALL 0402 GO
Intel Pentium G645 (2.9G,65W,32nm,3MB,2C) ALL 0405 GO
Intel Pentium G645T (2.5G,35W,32nm,3MB,2C) ALL 0405 GO
Intel Pentium G840 (2.8G,65W,32nm,3MB,2C,rev.Q0) ALL 0402 GO
Intel Pentium G850 (2.9G,65W,32nm,3MB,2C,rev.Q0) ALL 0402 GO
Intel Pentium G860 (3.0G,65W,32nm,3MB,2C,rev.Q0) ALL 0402 GO
Intel Pentium G860T (2.6G,65W,32nm,3MB,2C,rev.Q0) ALL 0402 GO
Intel Pentium G870 (3.1G,65W,32nm,3MB,2C,rev.Q0) ALL 0402 GO
Intel Xeon E3-1230 (3.2G,1333,L3:8MB,4C,D2) ALL 0405 GO *Since Xeon CPU is not desktop CPU model, some feature may not able to work on this combination. For detail, refer to support.asus.com
Intel Xeon E3-1230 v2 (3.3G,L3:8M,4C,HT,69W) ALL 0405 GO *Since Xeon CPU is not desktop CPU model, some feature may not able to work on this combination. For detail, refer to support.asus.com
Intel Xeon E3-1245 v2 (3.4G,L3:8M,4C,HT,77W) ALL 0704 GO *Since Xeon CPU is not desktop CPU model, some feature may not able to work on this combination. For detail, refer to support.asus.com
Pentium G2030 (3.0GHz,55W,2C,GT1,22nm,L3:3MB,rev.P0) ALL 0901 GO
Pentium G2030T (2.6GHz,35W,2C,GT1,22nm,L3:3MB,rev.P0) ALL 0901 GO
Pentium G2120T (2.7GHz,35W,2C,GT1,22nm,L3:3MB,rev.P0) ALL 0901 GO
Pentium G2140 (3.3GHz,55W,2C,GT1,22nm,L3:3MB,rev.P1) ALL 0901 GO
========================================================
23 mar 2025 3:45 pm est :
computer-housing list :
---https://www.newegg.com/Computer-Cases/SubCategory/ID-7
AAAwave
abee
Akasa
ALAMENGDA
ALSEYE
anidees
Anivia(China)
Antec
APEVIA CORP.
APEXTECHUSA
ASUS
Axiom Gaming
AZZA
Baibo
be quiet!
BFKK
BGears
BitFenix Co. Ltd.
Bitspower
BOSINTIN
Computerzone
Cooler Master
Corn Electronics
Corsair
COUGAR
Crave
darkFlash
DARKROCK
DIYPC
E-POWER
ebest
Emtec
ENDORFY
EVESKY
FOCUSTEC
Fractal Design
FSP
G.SKILL
GAMDIAS Technology
GAMEKM
GAMEMAX
GAMEPOWER
Geekria
Geometric Future
Gevilion
GIGABYTE
GIM
Gintol
GPERHUAN
GPNE
Hetai Tech
HYTE
In Win
INHANDA
IPCamPower
iStarUSA Inc.
iSZEYU
JONSBO
JONSPLUS
KB Covers
KEDIERS
kolitt
Lian Li
MagniumGear
Mechanic master
Micro Connectors
MiningCave
Misskit
MLOONG
Montech
Morex Information Ent.,Co.,Ltd.
MSI
MUSETEX
myVolts
NO.
NZXT
PCCOOLER
PCMART
Phanteks
PrimoChill
Raidmax
RAIJINTEK CO., LTD
Redragon
Rosewill
Ruix
SAMA
Samco Canada
SeaSonic USA
segotep
SGPC
Shenzhen Kabiou Technology Co., Ltd
Silverstone
Silverstone Technology
SOEYI
Sonnet Technologies
SSUPD
Streacom
SUIUBUY
Sunfounder
Super Flower
Superer
Supermicro
T.F.SKYWINDINTL
Thermaltake
Thinkstar
Tradernoors
Ubiquiti Networks
UPSIREN
Valkyrie
Velztorm
Vetroo
WJCOOLMAN
XPG
XWORKS
YAWYORE
yeston
YEYIAN
Zalman
Zeaginal
ZZEW
===================================================
29 mar 2025 10:17 pm est :
nice night-light which i see first time in walmart.com-physical-grocery-shop :
---https://www.amazon.com/Projectpak-Manual-Hallway-Bedroom-Stairways/dp/B0BCCB1XT2/
from amazon.com->search ( night light )
---https://www.walmart.com/ip/DEWENWILS-LED-Night-Light-Plug-in-with-Manual-Switch-Night-Lights-for-Kids-Bedroom-Bathroom-Hallway-Stairs-Warm-White-4-Pack/1107736059
from walmart.com->search ( night light )
====================================================
29 mar 2025 10:26 pm est :
dice
---https://www.amazon.com/Mini-White-Opaque-Dice-Pair/dp/B0170TGFSE/ref=sr_1_46 from amazon.com->search ( dice )
====================================================
30 mar 2025 1:53 pm est :
video-card-temperature 60 celcius , is excessively hot for my finger-touch .
video-card-temperature 44 celcius , is not hot , my finger-touch feel fine .
i use room-fan
https://www.walmart.com/ip/Mainstays-New-Style-9-inch-Box-Indoor-Comfort-Personal-AC-Electric-Fan-3-Speeds-Black/1167832160
to blow wind to my video-card to decrease temperature
from 60 celcius to 44 celcius .
[addition 5 apr 2025 2:46 pm est]
just now while i see youtube.com/watch?v=tMmDe0OYT_Q ( How Orange Juice Is Made In Factory ) from youtube-recommendation in
youtube.com/watch?v=f2zQiMKdso8 ( All You Need To Know | MSI AFTERBURNER Overclocking & Undervolting Full Walkthrough | MSI )
from youtube-search ( windows 10 msi afterburner ) , i did not realise i accidentally kick room-fan which is cooling my video-card ,
and video-card-temperature become 63.5 celcius .
---https://www.legitreviews.com/amd-radeon-rx-6800-xt-and-radeon-rx-6800-review_223774/14
from https://www.legitreviews.com/nzxt-announces-budget-friendly-39-99-case-series-source-210_10773
from google-image ( nzxt source 210 )
from nice case nzxt->source-210
https://pcpartpicker.com/product/fXw323/nzxt-case-s210001 from https://pcpartpicker.com/b/vGxrxr from
from https://pcpartpicker.com/builds/#sort=-recent&page=10 row last col 3
...
AMD Radeon RX 6800 had an idle temperature of 34 c (37 c hotspot) and Radeon RX 6800 XT was at 32 c (35 c hotspot).
We run both cards on 1440-P game title for 30 minute and found Radeon RX 6800 reached 71 c (81 c hotspot) and
Radeon RX 6800 XT hit 74 c (91 c hotspot).
No fans span during idle as temperatures were way below fan-start-speed of 63 c and we noticed fan on 6800 span at 1675 RPM while gaming
versus 1350 RPM on 6800 XT. noise level on 6800 XT was lower as result , but both cards cooling solutions ran quiet.
...
but youtube.com/watch?v=f2zQiMKdso8 ( All You Need To Know | MSI AFTERBURNER Overclocking & Undervolting Full Walkthrough | MSI )
show windows-10->msi-afterburner can set fan-temperature-limit to temperature lower than 63 c .
maybe linuxmint.com stuck with fan-temperature-limit 63 c .
[/addition 5 apr 2025 2:46 pm est]
====================================================
31 mar 2025 4:33 pm est :
i want this radeon-x-300 video-card ---https://www.amazon.com/ATI-Radeon-TV-Out-Video-M5604/dp/B004574XRA/
because gpu-frequency is 325 mhz only [source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_X300-X600_series ] .
that radeon 5450-gpu-frequency is 650 mhz [source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_HD_5000_series ]
[addition 31 mar 2025 4:40 pm est]
but :
---https://www.techpowerup.com/forums/threads/gpu-clock-plummets-down-to-300mhz-after-a-while-of-gaming.282529/
laptop asus tuf f15 FX506LU
gpu-frequency 300 mhz
gpu-temperature 86 c
so maybe i cancel wanting that radeon-x-300 and want 2-nd room-fan
https://www.walmart.com/ip/Mainstays-New-Style-9-inch-Box-Indoor-Comfort-Personal-AC-Electric-Fan-3-Speeds-Black/1167832160
at this time i down-grade my video card to using intel.com-cpu-integrated-video-card . because
i want that room-fan in different location inside my bed-room . now is summer and 30 mar 2025 is 1-st hot day in year 2025 .
maybe fanless-video-card is always hot because video-card position is facing down-ward so video-card-gpu-hotness can not ascend/rise .
[/addition 31 mar 2025 4:40 pm est]
[addition 3 apr 2025 9:28 pm est]
my mother give me 2-nd room-fan from my parents room apparently they are not using that room-fan .
so i install-and-use that
amazon.com/VisionTek-Radeon-5450-DVI-I-Graphics/dp/B01BWLMWJM/ or visiontek.com/products/visiontek-radeon%E2%84%A2-5450-1gb-ddr3-dvi-i-hdmi-vga
again . with stand-alone-video-card : i see less stutter during showing many line of kernel-boot-message .
but with ssd : i see more reduction of stutter during showing many line of kernel-boot-message .
but ssd make me worry about tbw .
a@1 09:27 PM ~ sensors
asus-isa-0000
Adapter: ISA adapter
cpu_fan: 0 RPM
radeon-pci-0100
Adapter: PCI adapter
temp1: +40.5°C (crit = +120.0°C, hyst = +90.0°C)
coretemp-isa-0000
Adapter: ISA adapter
Physical id 0: +38.0°C (high = +82.0°C, crit = +102.0°C)
Core 0: +38.0°C (high = +82.0°C, crit = +102.0°C)
a@1 09:30 PM ~
[/addition 3 apr 2025 9:28 pm est]
====================================================================================================================================
31 mar 2025 4:41 pm est : #add# [addition 31 mar 2025 4:40 pm est]
======================================================================================================================================
1 apr 2025 4:1 pm est :
---https://www.edn.com/how-hot-is-too-hot-to-touch/ from google ( 60 celcius hot touch ) result 4
publish-date : 11 may 2020
scriber : John Dunn
How hot is too hot to touch?
Some time ago, I underwent foot surgery. Post-surgical care led to physical therapy, which began with immersion of my foot in
a swirling bath of warm water. Part of that water machine looked like this :
label of a hydrotherapy machine and its temperature meter
water temperature applied to my foot was 102 F but note red zone part of this temperature scale.
Anything above 120 F ( 48 c ) is shown as scalding. Please also note that 120 F = 48.8888… C or approximately 50 C.
That doesn’t sound like a very high temperature, but I once tried an experiment on myself. I had this heat sink assembly that was becoming
too hot to touch, so I decided to see just how hot it could get while I kept a finger on the heat sink surface.
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I attached a thermocouple, touched heat sink with 1 finger, and turned everything on. When temperature rise to 50 C ,
I found I had to get my finger off of there. That is same temperature as scalding threshold of that foot bath.
Someone later told me that 120 F ( 48.8 c ) is temperature at which skin proteins start to break down .
I never found any written reference to that , but my experience would seem to confirm it .
It also reflects the extreme severity of heat waves in some parts of Asia and Middle East where reported daytime temperatures have reached 121 F.
Ergo, it would be prudent from the standpoint of user safety that if you are designing anything with a heat sink whose surfaces are
open to human contact, that you should not allow those surfaces to rise above, or even to reach, a temperature of 50 C.
Remember that hot coffee incident of some years ago? Cool it, Daddy-o.
John Dunn is an electronics consultant, and a graduate of The Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn (BSEE) and of New York University (MSEE).
=======================================================================================================================================
---https://www.safetyaction.com.au/blog/safe-workplace-touching-temperatures from google ( temperature hot for finger touch ) result 10
...
1-st Degree Burn (minor burn) :
Non-metallic 85 c brief contact
Metal 60 c brief contact
Metal 50 c hold
2-nd Degree Burn (damage to underlying tissue) :
Metal 100 c for 15 seconds contact
82 c for 30 seconds contact
71 c for 60 seconds contact
....
==================================================
3 apr 2025 9:33 pm est : #add# [addition 3 apr 2025 9:28 pm est]
==================================================
3 apr 2025 10:37 pm est :
my father new cellphone from indonesia-country , since around 6 mar 2025 , oppo.com->a-3-x cpu :
---https://docs.qualcomm.com/bundle/publicresource/87-79749-1_REV_A_Snapdragon_6s_4G_Gen_1_Mobile_Platform_Product_Brief.pdf
from google ( Qualcomm® Snapdragon® 6s 4G Gen1 ) result 4
from 'Qualcomm® Snapdragon® 6s 4G Gen1' in https://www.oppo.com/in/smartphones/series-a/a3x/specs/#3-apr-2025-10-27-pm-est
=====================================================
3 apr 2025 10:52 pm est :
---https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_10_version_history from google ( windows 10 version 1 ) result 1
---https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Update from google ( windows 10 update mandatory ) result 1
'in Windows 10 and Windows 11, the use of Windows Update is mandatory; however, the software agreement states that users may stop receiving updates on their device by disconnecting their device from the Internet.[5][6]'
======================================================
3 apr 2025 10:57 pm est :
---https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/all/im-tired-of-the-forced-updates-that-are-ruinning/e3a69d32-3a03-44e3-b2d5-97b28a18e5a0
from google ( windows 10 update mandatory ) result 2 -> ppl also ask -> How do I stop Windows 10 from forcing updates?
Thiago Calbo
I'm tired of the forced updates that are ruinning my work life.
Since this problem: Major errors with update 20H2 (OS Build 19042.1052), errors showing since 20H2 (OS Build 19042.867) in April. I've forbidden W10 from updating, I've messed with the services, I've postponed auto updates to max values and I even created a .bat file to prevent it from being forced upon. YET, here I'm. Today I've experienced four forced updates to which I had to return to a previous version and that is taking a toll on my work life and time.
I need a way to prevent it from updating by itself ever again since I need to spend my time better than fixing harmful updates imposed by Microsoft upon my system.
Does anyone know what else can I do to prevent them? Thanks.
This thread is locked. You can vote as helpful, but you cannot reply or subscribe to this thread.
Replies (1)
FE
felucas
Independent Advisor
Hi Thiago, I am Felipe Lucas, and I'll be happy to help you today.
I am sorry to hear that you're having problems with the updates. Please, try the following:
Disable automatic updates with Settings:
1. Open Settings.
2. Click on Update & Security.
3. Click on Windows Update.
4. Click the Advanced options button.
5. Under the "Pause updates" section, use the drop-down menu and select how long to disable updates.
Once you complete the steps, updates will no longer download until the day you specified. When the computer reaches the pause limit, you will need to install the latest patch available to make the option available again.
Or you can disable automatic updates on Windows 10 permanently.
Disable automatic updates with Group Policy:
1. Open Start.
2. Search for gpedit.msc and click the top result to launch the Local Group Policy Editor.
3. Navigate to the following path:
Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > Windows Update
4. Double-click the Configure Automatic Updates policy on the right side.
5. Check the Disabled option to turn off automatic updates permanently on Windows 10.
6. Click the Apply button.
7. Click the OK button.
After you complete the steps, the system will stop downloading updates automatically. However, the ability to check for updates manually will continue to be available on Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update, and clicking the Check for updates button to download the most recent patches.
If you want to enable automatic updates on the device again, you can use the exact instructions outlined above, but on step No. 5, make sure to select the Not Configured option.
If the answer helped in any way, consider leaving your opinion, marking it as answered or leaving more details, so that we can continue the service, this is very important for us.
Reference:
https://www.windowscentral.com/how-stop-updates...
Standard Disclaimer: There are links to non-Microsoft websites. The pages appear to be providing accurate, safe information. Watch out for ads on the sites that may advertise products frequently classified as a PUP (Potentially Unwanted Products). Thoroughly research any product advertised on the sites before you decide to download and install it.
___________________________
Felipe Lucas
Independent Advisor
=========================================================
5 apr 2025 2:50 pm est : #add# [addition 5 apr 2025 2:46 pm est]
=========================================================
5 apr 2025 9:22 pm est :
intel.com->celeron is actually keleron . [source : https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/celer#Latin from https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/celeritas#5-apr-2025-1-40-pm-est from https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Celeron#English ]
============================================================
8 apr 2025 7:41 am est : #add# [addition 8 apr 2025 7:39 am est]
=============================================================
10 apr 2025 8:57 pm est :
---https://www.facebook.com/arnon.jaya/posts/10158543080890441
usb durability = 1,500 insertion-removal cycles
source :
'The micro format is the most durable from the point of view of designed insertion lifetime.
The standard and mini connectors have a design lifetime of 1,500 insertion-removal cycles,[6]
the improved Mini-B connectors increased this to 5,000. The micro connectors were designed with frequent charging of
portable devices in mind, so have a design life of 10,000 cycles[6]'
in https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USB&oldid=835693841#USB_1.x
so inserting then removing usb drive to car-audio too often, breaks usb
==============================================================
11 apr 2025 8:35 pm est :
usa-democrat-politician joseph-robinette-biden/joe-biden use dell.com-laptop whose ceo michael-dell is republican and
central-office is in texas-state whose population is mostly republican :
https://itoldya420.getarchive.net/amp/media/joe-biden-using-a-laptop-2016-january-13-32ae5d
from google-image ( joe biden laptop ) row 2 col 3
usa-republican-politician donald-john-trump use apple.com-laptop whose ceo tim-donald-cook seems both democrat and republican
and central-office is in california-state whose population is mostly democrat :
https://x.com/Gizmodo/status/803424624264486912
from google-image ( donald trump laptop ) row 1 col 3 page 2
forgotten internet-page from google ( democrat vs republican ) , tell me that california-state-population is mostly democrat ,
texas-state-population is mostly republican .
;;