(28 may 2018)
12 may 2018 8:26 pm edt
1. creation
2. add
list of trench :
9:8 pm edt
1. add
some animal which dig inside the sand portion of ocean floor, hopefully
2. reword
3. red grouper fish dig to sand portion
to
3. red grouper fish dig to sand portion, lionfish kills red grouper fish
3. add
3. 'Red grouper actively excavate pits in the seafloor.
to
3. red grouper fish dig to sand portion often, lionfish kills red grouper fish
10:56 pm edt
1. add
maybe cause taller tsunami than soft rock underwater bounce up,
2. add
earthquake quake-magnitude quake-depth-from tsunami-height
13 may 2018 10:35 am edt
add
trench map :
13 may 2018 11:3 pm edt
make obsolete :
must be loosened to prevent subduction-release (earthquake) which
16 may 2018 5:18 pm edt
add
http://www.shorstmeyer.com/msj/geo130/plates_and_trenches.html
make obsolete
http://www.freeworldmaps.net/ocean/ocean-trenches-map.jpg
5:54 pm edt
make obsolete
which is shallow enough to cause tsunami 40.1 meter tall.
6:36 pm edt
reword
strike-slip fault won't cause tsunami,
to
strike-slip earthquake may/may not cause tsunami.
9:14 pm edt
add
6pm-moon-in-kiritimati
11:29 pm edt
add
moon's gravity to earth is strong enough to cause 'tidal locking'
26 may 2018 10:33 pm edt
reword
pluto's gravity to charon is so strong that it causes the strongest 'tidal locking'.
to
pluto's gravity to charon is so strong that pluto's gravity causes
11:41 pm edt
add
moon's orbit to earth is elliptical like io's (jupiter's big moon) orbit to jupiter,
11:49 pm edt
reword
to
3. 'its orbit l-y-ing between those of Thebe and Europa.'
to make upload process to ucoz.com successful.
27 may 2018 12:1 am edt
add
4. io (jupiter's big moon) expand during near jupiter :
28 may 2018 2:51 pm edt
add
i was planning to add 'who-is-in-1-line' column to show what planets near earth
;;
[obsolete]
[reason]
`--._
^ `-._ _~` hydrothermal vent
| `--._ _~`
island ^ `--_ _-`
| `-. -`
(2) `. _-`
`-. _-`
^ `--_ _-` ^
| `-. -` |
(1) `. --` (3)
-` -`
--`-`
-`
--`
^
|
trench
loosening soil in (1), maybe causes (2) to bounce up (earthquake),
causes tsunami.
[/reason]
maybe ocean floor located between
the trench (subduction location) and
an island
must be loosened to prevent subduction-release (earthquake) which
causes tsunami.
source for ascii art idea :
1. https://www.asciiart.eu/buildings-and-places/bridges
2. http://www.chris.com/ascii/index.php?art=objects/abacus
from google (ascii art) result 2, 3
[/obsolete]
list of trench :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_trench#Geographic_distribution
from google (ocean trench) result 1
trench map :
http://www.shorstmeyer.com/msj/geo130/plates_and_trenches.html
from
google-image (ocean trench map) col 5
[obsolete]
http://www.freeworldmaps.net/ocean/ocean-trenches-map.jpg
from
http://www.freeworldmaps.net/ocean/trenches.html
from google-image (kuril–kamchatka trench) row 3 col last
[reason]
http://www.shorstmeyer.com/msj/geo130/plates_and_trenches.html
has aleutian trench which causes 23 jan 2018 alaska gulf earthquake
http://www.freeworldmaps.net/ocean/ocean-trenches-map.jpg
does not have aleutian trench.
[/reason]
[/obsolete]
from ocean floor surface to 40.1 meter (132 feet) below ocean floor
surface, must be loosened.
source :
'The tsunami at Ryōri Bay (綾里湾), Ōfunato reached a height of 40.1 m
(run-up elevation). Fishing equipment was scattered on the high cliff
above the bay.[163][164]'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami#Tsunami
[obsolete]
[reason]
ocean floor between the island and the trench must not be loosened.
more info :
find 'loosening soil in (1), maybe causes (2) to bounce up (earthquake),'
in this text
[/reason]
some animal which dig inside the sand portion of ocean floor, hopefully
making sea's salty water touch the continental-shelf (tough rock) which
maybe soften that rock, hard rock underwater bounce up
maybe cause taller tsunami than soft rock underwater bounce up,
tohoku earthquake epicenter is 29 km deep from ocean floor surface.
source : find 'Depth 29.0 km' in this text
so hopefully soft rock acts as 'crumple zone' which absorb upward impact
from something located in 29 km depth :
1. octopus kaurna dig 20 cm inside sand on ocean floor.
source :
1. 'A skilled architect, the octopus can build a mucus-lined home –
complete with a chimney –20 centimetres down into the seabed'
in
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn28194-zoologger-octopus-makes-own-quicksand-to-build-burrow-on-seabed/
from google (seafloor burrow) result 2
2. 'According to Jasper Montana of the University of Melbourne
this species is “the first known cephalopod to burrow.”'
in
http://ricecatalyst.org/discoveries/octopus-burrowing
from google (octopus burrow depth) result page 1 last number
2. sand striker (eunice afroditois) maybe can dig 1 meter inside
sand on ocean floor
source :
'considering these worms can grow to sizes of nearly 3 m (10 ft)
in some cases (although most observations point to a much
lower average length of 1 m (3 ft 3 in)'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eunice_aphroditois
from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K_7ByiYbCYM
from google (seafloor worm) result 1
3. red grouper fish dig to sand portion often, lionfish kills red grouper fish
source :
1. 'dig'
in
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/03/07/AR2010030703126.html
from google (animal dig ocean floor) result 3
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ID4B8nmXEIk
3. 'Red grouper actively excavate pits in the seafloor.
They start digging in the sediment from the time
they settle out of the plankton and continue throughout their lifetime.',
'The lionfish Pterois volitans started invading
red grouper habitat by 2008, from Florida Bay to
the Florida Keys and offshore to Pulley Ridge,
a mesophotic coral reef on the West Florida Shelf west
of the Dry Tortugas. Known for being extremely
capable predators on small reef fish, scientists are
very interested in determining the extent to which
their invasion changes the functional dynamics of associated communities.'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_grouper
4. tilefish dig to the sand portion, tilefish eats crab
source :
1. 'The scientists estimated the density of the Hudson Canyon burrows
to be 1,234 per square kilometer. They are conical,
and some, enlarged by crab burrows and caveins, are more
than seven feet deep with top diameters of as much as 10 to 15 feet.
The crabs are believed to be a primary food source for the fish.'
in
https://www.nytimes.com/1986/07/22/science/burrowing-fish-found-shaping-the-seafloor.html
from google (seafloor burrow) result 1
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CqS1jA8PUOE
[/obsolete]
why subduction happens ?
hydrothermal vent ejects magma, that magma meet sea water
then that magma solidify become new ocean crust pushing
other ocean crust.
ocean crust push continental shelf underneath island (subduction) daily
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4qX3L5wGUlE&t=1m44s
until 1 day the continental shelf underneath island,
bounce upward (earthquake) then creates tsunami.
'How do tsunamis relate to Earthquakes.wmv'
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chbbiSCczB8&t=2m18s
from youtube recommendation in
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PT2lqmCIDck
from
youtube-search (tohoku subduction) result 1
many hydrothermal vents exists on ocean floor :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Distribution_of_hydrothermal_vent_fields.png
from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent#Distribution
so ocean's floor is expanding daily.
source :
'The Pacific plate moves fast in tectonic terms,
at a rate of 9cm (3.5 inches) a year. This leads to
the rapid buildup of huge amounts of energy. '
in
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/mar/11/japan-earthquake-tsunami-questions-answers
from
'occurred on 11 March 2011 at 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC) in
the north-western Pacific Ocean at a relatively
shallow depth of 32 km (20 mi),[4][57]'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami#Earthquake
subduction location is being called 'trench'
source :
'trench' in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subduction
location of japan trench, tohoku earthquake's epicenter :
https://soundwaves.usgs.gov/2011/03/TsuLocnMap8LG.jpg
from
https://soundwaves.usgs.gov/2011/03/
from
google-image (japan trench location tohoku earthquake epicenter)
row 1 col last
hydrothermal vent is located in the center of
'mid-ocean ridge'
source :
'MORs are formed by two oceanic plates moving away from each other.
Hydrothermal vents are a common feature at oceanic spreading centers.[4]'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge
[obsolete]
year 2011 tohoku 9.1 magnitude earthquake's epicenter is located
on ocean floor with 29 km depth,
which is shallow enough to cause tsunami 40.1 meter tall.
year 2013 okhotsk sea 8.3 magnitude earthquake's epicenter is located
on ocean floor with 598.1 km depth,
which is deep, deep sea earthquake can not cause tsunami.
[reason]
shallow dip-slip fault/thurst fault, causes tsunami.
strike-slip earthquake may/may not cause tsunami.
strike-slip earthquake :
1. causes tsunami in 12 jan 2010 haiti earthquake
2. does not cause tsunami in 23 jan 2018 alaska gulf earthquake.
oblique-slip (1/2 strike-slip 1/2 dip-slip) may cause tsunami.
dip-slip-reverse fault = thrust/megathrust which causes large tsunami.
dip-slip-normal fault = land sliding down causes tsunami higher than a tree.
source :
1. 'strike-slip, where the offset is predominantly horizontal,
parallel to the fault trace.
dip-slip, offset is predominantly vertical and/or perpendicular
to the fault trace.
oblique-slip, combining strike and dip slip.'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault_(geology)#Strike-slip_faults
from
'strike-slip'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Gulf_of_Alaska_earthquake
2. 'There are three different types of faults: Normal, Reverse, and Transcurrent (Strike-Slip).
Normal faults form when the hanging wall drops down. The forces that create normal faults are pulling the sides apart, or extensional.
Reverse faults form when the hanging wall moves up. The forces creating reverse faults are compressional, pushing the sides together.
Transcurrent or Strike-slip faults have walls that move sideways, not up or down.'
in
https://people.uwec.edu/jolhm/eh/toivonen/types.htm
from google (earthquake types) result 2
'25 km'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Gulf_of_Alaska_earthquake
from youtube-search (whale tsunami) result page 6 number 15
[/reason]
[/obsolete]
earthquake quake-magnitude quake-depth-from tsunami-height time 6pm-moon-in-kiritimati who-is-in-1-line wikilink
ocean-floor-surface meter/feet the most advanced timezone (utc+14)
km/miles
1. tohoku 9.1 29 40.1 meter 11 mar 2011 14:46 jst (utc+9) 7:46 pm 1/2 moon] 36% https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami
2. okhotsk 8.3 598.1 0 24 may 2013 15:44:49 pett (utc+12) 5:44 pm 16 minutes prior full moon 100% https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Okhotsk_Sea_earthquake
3. sumba 8.3 33 8 meter 19 aug 1977 14:8 utc+8 20:8 4th waxing https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Sumba_earthquake
4. alaska's gulf 7.9 25/16 8.3 inches 23 jan 2018 00:31 akst (utc-9) 23:31 1/2 moon] 36% https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Gulf_of_Alaska_earthquake
5. leogane 7 13/8.1 taller than tree 12 jan 2010 16:53 est (utc-5) 11:53 am tonight is 5th waning https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake
6. sea between 9.1-9.3 30/19 30/100 26 dec 2004 7:58 wib (utc+7) 14:58 3 hours prior full moon 100% https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
simeulue and
sumatra
7. sea between 8.6 30/19 3/9.8 28 march 2005 23:9:37 (utc+7) 6:9 am last night is 2nd waning https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Nias%E2%80%93Simeulue_earthquake
simelue and
nias
8. muzaffarabad 7.6 15/9.3 0 8 oct 2005 8:50:39 pst (utc+5) 17:50 pm tonight is 4th waxing https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Kashmir_earthquake
i was planning to add 'who-is-in-1-line' column to show what planets near earth
at that moment.
but earthquake seems happen monthly, so maybe 'who-is-in-1-line' column would be useless.
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_2006#January
from google (3 janueary 2006 earthquake) result 1
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_2005#January
https://in-the-sky.org/solarsystem.php
from google (planet position at given time) page 2 result 2
can show planets position from year 2k - 2030
source :
1. 'The location, depth (about 25 km), and focal mechanism solutions
of the March 11th earthquake are consistent with
the event having occurred on the subduction zone plate boundary.'
di
https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/official20110311054624120_30#executive
dari
'occurred on 11 March 2011 at 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC) in
the north-western Pacific Ocean at a relatively
shallow depth of 32 km (20 mi),[4][57]'
di
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami#Earthquake
2. 'Depth 29.0 km'
di
https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/official20110311054624120_30#origin
3. 'The earthquake occurred at the relatively shallow depth of
15 miles, meaning much of its energy was released at the seafloor.'
di
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/mar/11/japan-earthquake-tsunami-questions-answers
dari
'occurred on 11 March 2011 at 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC) in
the north-western Pacific Ocean at a relatively
shallow depth of 32 km (20 mi),[4][57]'
di
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami#Earthquake
4. '598.1 km depth'
in
https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usb000h4jh#executive
from
'ComCat' in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Okhotsk_Sea_earthquake
from 'Sea of Okhotsk' in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuril%E2%80%93Kamchatka_Trench#Tectonics
from 'Kuril–Kamchatka' in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_trench#Geographic_distribution
'Due to its great depth (609 km), it was not particularly intense at
the surface, but was felt over a very large area'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Okhotsk_Sea_earthquake
'pett' in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamchatka_Krai
from
'Federal subject Kamchatka Krai'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamchatka_Peninsula
from
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Sea_of_Okhotsk_map.png
from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_of_Okhotsk#Oil_and_gas_exploration
from 'Sea of Okhotsk' in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Okhotsk_Sea_earthquake
https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=2013_Okhotsk_Sea_earthquake¶ms=54.874_N_153.280_E_type:event_dim:200km
from
'Epicenter 54.874°N 153.280°E'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Okhotsk_Sea_earthquake
5. 'The tsunami at Ryōri Bay (綾里湾), Ōfunato reached a height of 40.1 m
(run-up elevation). Fishing equipment was scattered on the high cliff
above the bay.[163][164]'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami#Tsunami
6. 'The great outer-rise earthquake (Mw 8.3) occurred near
the Sunda trench, Indonesia, on 19 August 1977',
'We also numerically computed the tsunami inundation and compared
the observed tsunami run-up of 8 m and tsunami inundation distance of
500 m in Lunyuk on Sumbawa Island with the computed ones'
in
https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article-abstract/99/4/2169/342116/analysis-of-the-tsunami-generated-by-the-great?redirectedFrom=fulltext
from ref [4] in
'A tsunami was generated with observed run-up heights of up
to 5.8 meters (19 ft) and inundation distances of up to
1,200 metres (3,900 ft) at several locations on Sumba and Sumbawa.[4][6]'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Sumba_earthquake
'utc+8'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bima
from
'approximately 290 kilometres (180 mi) south of Bima'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Sumba_earthquake
7. 'Earthquakes can occur anywhere between the Earth's surface
and about 700 kilometers below the surface. For scientific purposes,
this earthquake depth range of 0 - 700 km is divided into three zones:
shallow, intermediate, and deep.
Shallow earthquakes are between 0 and 70 km deep;
intermediate earthquakes, 70 - 300 km deep; and deep earthquakes,
300 - 700 km deep. In general, the term "deep-focus earthquakes" is
applied to earthquakes deeper than 70 km.
All earthquakes deeper than 70 km are localized within great slabs of
lithosphere that are sinking into the Earth's mantle.'
in
https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/determining_depth.php
from google (earthquake depth) result 1
8. 'Badio says the water was higher than the trees, and when it returned back
to the ocean, Badio's father was gone and so were
his two nephews: 4-year-old Wolga and 2-year-old James.'
in
http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/22/haiti.paradise.lost/
from google (petit paradis tsunami) result 1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake#Tsunami
9. https://www.calendar-12.com/moon_calendar/2004/december
from google (december 2004 moon calendar) result 1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiritimati
from
'kiritimati' in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_Islands
from
'utc+14', 'line islands' in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_UTC_time_offsets
moon's gravity to earth is strong enough to cause 'tidal locking'
source :
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Axcy1zuDaU8&t=3m23s
2. 'the Moon showing only one face toward Earth at all times'
in
http://www.haydenplanetarium.org/tyson/read/1995/11/01/the-tidal-force
from ref [7] in
'tidal forces also cause a regular monthly pattern of moonquakes on Earth's Moon.[7]'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_force
from 'tidal force' in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_locking#List_of_known_tidally_locked_bodies
pluto's gravity to charon is so strong that pluto's gravity causes
the strongest 'tidal locking'.
source :
1. 'pluto', 'charon' in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_locking#List_of_known_tidally_locked_bodies
from
'tidally locked'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon
from google (moon) result 1
2. 'Pluto, and its lone moon Charon, showing each other only one face
during their mutual orbit'
in
http://www.haydenplanetarium.org/tyson/read/1995/11/01/the-tidal-force
from ref [7] in
'tidal forces also cause a regular monthly pattern of moonquakes on Earth's Moon.[7]'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_force
from 'tidal force' in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_locking#List_of_known_tidally_locked_bodies
moon's orbit to earth is elliptical like io's (jupiter's big moon) orbit to jupiter,
io expands during near jupiter then io shrinks during far from jupiter, repeatedly,
causing internal friction inside io, causing volcanic eruption on io.
but earth's moon does not have volcanic activity....
maybe because io is being pulled apart by jupiter and europa (other jupiter's big moon).
earth's moon is not being pulled apart by 2 objects.
source :
1 'When an object is in an elliptical orbit,
the tidal forces acting on it are stronger near periapsis than near apoapsis.
Thus the deformation of the body due to tidal forces (i.e. the tidal bulge)
varies over the course of its orbit, generating internal friction which heats
its interior.'
2. 'The friction or tidal dissipation produced in Io's interior due to
this varying tidal pull, which, without the resonant orbit,
would have gone into circularizing Io's orbit instead,
creates significant tidal heating within Io's interior,
melting a significant amount of Io's mantle and core.
The amount of energy produced is up to 200 times greater
than that produced solely from radioactive decay.[8]
This heat is released in the form of volcanic activity,
generating its observed high heat flow (global total: 0.6 to 1.6×1014 W).[68]'
3. 'its orbit l-y-ing between those of Thebe and Europa.'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Io_(moon)#Geology
from 'io' in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_heating
from 'Tidal heating produces dramatic volcanic effects on Jupiter's moon Io'
in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_force
from
'tidal forces' in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_locking
from 'tidal locking' in
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Axcy1zuDaU8&t=3m23s
4. io (jupiter's big moon) expand during near jupiter :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9qHrzs6Mbp4&t=23s
io (jupiter's big moon) shrink during far from jupiter :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9qHrzs6Mbp4&t=3m51s